SU1606156A1 - Apparatus for separating suspensions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for separating suspensions containing solid particles from an elastically compressible material used in the mining, chemical, food and other sectors of the industry and makes it possible to achieve a reduction in the energy costs of the separation process. The device comprises a working chamber in the form of a diffuser with perforated walls, an inlet and outlet nozzles and a liquid collector, the cone angle of the diffuser is not more than 30 °, and the lower cone forming a positive angle to the horizon. The suspension through the inlet enters the working chamber, from which the liquid under the action of pressure exits through the perforated walls into the collector, and the solid phase forms a "piston" consisting of particles moving under the action of pressure in the chamber to the outlet nozzle. 1 il.

Description

The invention relates to a technique for separating suspensions into liquid and solid phases, and can be used in the chemical, food, mining and mining industries.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy costs of the separation process.

The drawing shows a diagram of the device.

A device for separating suspensions contains an inlet 1, attached coaxially to the working chamber 2 with perforated walls and having the shape of a diffuser, a collection of 3 liquids with a drain pipe 4, an outlet 3 for removing the solid phase,

connected coaxially with the exit of the working chamber 2.

The device works as follows.

The suspension (pulp) through the inlet nozzle 1 enters the working chamber 2, through the perforated walls of which the liquid phase enters the collector 3 and is removed through the drain nozzle 4. The solid phase remains in the chamber 2 and accumulates there until the entire cross section of the chamber is filled . A piston consisting of solid, solid particles is created. As the pulp arrives, the piston grows at the expense of solid particles emitted from it and closes part of the perforation. Section

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for liquid output, the output resistance increases, the pressure of the pulp in the working chamber increases. As the pressure increases, the force acting on the piston increases, causing the latter to move along the axis of the working chamber. When the piston displaces, the area for liquid exit increases, the pressure drops, the piston rises again, and so on. Thus, an oscillatory process occurs. Virtually the movement of the piston is not interrupted. Solids, forming a piston, at the exit of the working chamber fall into the outflow port 5, through which it is forced by gravity. Thus, there is a continuous process of buildup of the piston on the one hand and its destruction on the other. As the piston moves, there is an additional separation of the liquid from the surface of solid particles under the action of gravity. This fluid flows into the chamber wall and through the perforations is also removed into the collector 3. Naturally, the fraction of the fluid separated in this secondary process is small compared with that removed under the action of pressure in the inlet zone of the chamber (up to the piston).

This device allows the separation of suspensions containing solid particles both hard (with a high modulus of elasticity) and elastically compressible (with a small modulus of elasticity). At the same time, if the former can be separated in a device with a cylindrical chamber, then in this device they will be separated with less energy, even at a small cone angle of the diffuser (3 °). For a suspension with compressible particles, a cylindrical chamber is not at all suitable; a piston consisting of solid particles is seized. Setting the working chamber so that the lower cone-forming cone is located at a positive angle to the horizon allows the solid phase to be further dried, without excessively extending the chamber, which also leads to energy savings.

The shape of the diffuser makes it possible to expand the compressible particles during axial movement and thus prevent jamming (stopping) of the piston, which is ensured by a decrease in force from the solid side.

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phase on the filter surface (wall of the working chamber).

An important parameter affecting the reliability of operation is the conic angle of the cone. The angle is largely determined by the elastic modulus of the material of the solid particles. Hard particles (e.g. sand) are just a small angle of 3 to significantly reduce (while maintaining the length of the working chamber) the friction force of the piston, and therefore the necessary pressure in the chamber to move it, which will reduce the energy costs of the separation process (decreases power, pump). For compressible particles, this angle is insufficient to prevent the piston from seizing, i.e. It should be increased. However, there is an upper limit on the angle of taper. It is explained as follows. At low angles of the diffuser opening, the axial forces causing the piston of a solid material to move along the axis are significantly greater than the forces of friction of solid particles on the filtering surface. In this case, the filter is self-cleaning, i.e. New particles of material that came with the suspension (pulp) are squeezing particles that have settled on it from the filtering surface. Conversely, with a sufficiently large opening angle of the diffuser, the speed of the piston decreases as it moves along the diffuser, so that the particles adjacent to the walls stop. the forces of friction of particles of solid material on the filtering surface will be greater than the axial forces in their movement to the exit from the device. Thus, caking of solid material occurs at the walls of the diffuser, resulting in the overgrowth of the filtering surface and a sharp increase in filtration resistance. As a result, the liquid will not have time to separate and the device will be inoperable, having to confirm the existence of the upper limit of the taper angle of the diffuser in the device for separating suspensions are experiments on the separation of rubber crumb suspension. With the opening angle of the diffuser equal to 30, a rubber crumb coat grew on the surface of the diffuser and no pulp separation occurred.

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When using a diffuser as a working chamber of the suspension separator, the angle of inclination of the lower forming diffuser to the horizon becomes essential.

At a negative angle of inclination, which is educated to the horizon, the possibility of a precipitation of the solid phase from it under the action of pressure and gravity, leading to the destruction of the piston and disruption of the operation of the device, appears. properties.

On the contrary, the positive angle, first, will prevent the destruction of the piston

n, secondly, it will contribute to the additional separation of fluid (in the piston) and, thirdly, creates.; conditions to reduce the length of the working chamber, which helps to reduce energy costs.

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Thus, the lower forming diffuser should be located at a positive angle to the horizon up to the position corresponding to the vertical position of the chamber axis.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for separating suspensions, including a working chamber with perforated walls, an inlet and an outlet, and a liquid collector, characterized in that, in order to reduce the energy cost of the separation process, the working chamber is complete in the form of a diffuser with a taper angle of not more than 30 °, The lower diffuser is located at a positive angle to the horizon. v-t-f