SU1601109A1 - Method of producing vegetable oils from oil-bearing seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and concerns methods for the production of vegetable oils. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the oil by increasing the degree of extraction of valuable related substances. This is achieved by cleaning the seeds of sunflower or cotton or soybean from impurities, separating the fruit coat from the core, crushing it, moistening it, and heat treating it in the presence of hot oil extracted from the same raw material at a temperature of 95-180 ° C. for 0.5-15 minutes When producing oil from sunflower seeds, the weight ratio of raw materials: oil is set to 1: / 1.0-6.3 / for obtaining oil from cotton seeds - 1: / 0.6-6.3 /, and for the axis - 1 : / 0,5-6,3 /. 3 tab.

Description

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tour. For example, it is better to extract gossypol with hot oil than miscella, even concentrated, since its oil solubility is highest (up to 2). In a pure solvent, it can only be dissolved to 0.05 gossypol. Thus, the best transfer of these substances to the oil is achieved at the preparation stage and the worst at the extraction stage. The presence of a continuous liquid external phase (oil) at a given ratio of material: oil contributes to a greater uniformity and intensity of heating of the particles as compared to the known roasting, where there is air between the particles that has lower thermal conductivity than the oil, and contributes to saving steam heat. It also creates the possibility of a transfer of concomitant substances from the material to the external liquid phase, which is easily removed, for example, by pressing or draining. With such intensive processing, the process time is reduced compared with the known roasting, and the higher temperature range used in the proposed method requires a reduction in the processing time I, because long-term temperature effects negatively affect the biological value of the protein in the quality of the oil. The translation of related substances into oil, such as gossypol, also solves the problem of preserving the biological value of the protein.

The amount of hot oil required to make a proposal is -. This method is in a mass relationship with the material - material l: oil 1: (o, 5-6.3). This amount of oil is required starting from the following. The oil should evenly enclose the particles to form a continuous liquid phase, i.e. fill voids between particles. It is necessary to use this amount of oil that is obtained later when it is extracted from the material by known methods in this production.

Example 1 (known). Cotton seeds, cleared of debris on sieves, by oil content of 20.2 bring down on a centrifugal bench at the NOU r / min. The resulting rushanka is divided to form a core on slotted screens. The kernel is crushed on the ivy

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machine at roll speeds of 250 rpm. The resulting petal with a thickness of 0.2–0.3 mm is treated with live steam in an autoclave for AO, with the temperature brought up by the ma-. rial to and humidity of 12.0%. The roasting of the material is carried out in a single-hearth roasting pan with stirring at 22 rpm. Duration 50 minutes, and the temperature. Humidity of the pulp after frying is E, 2%. Then spinning is carried out using a press with pressure up to 200 kg / cm at a time of 3 minutes. The resulting cake is crushed on a plate and extracted in an extractor with a diameter of 60 mm for 60 minutes at 50-55 ° C and a solvent consumption of 100 cm / min. Miscella oil is obtained by distillation under vacuum 0.7 0.8 kgf / cm on a distiller. Gasoline from the meal is removed at room temperature by natural evaporation. Free and bound gossypol in seeds and oil are determined by known methods.

Example 2. Roasting of cotton seeds is carried out at a mass ratio of material-oil 1: 1 - at 8 ° C for 15 minutes. There is a higher transition of gossypol (80) into oil and an increased content of soluble protein (83%) compared with the known method (B9.7 and 70.0, respectively)

Example 3. Roasting of cotton seeds is carried out at a weight ratio of material: oil 1: 1 at 95 ° C for 15 minutes. An increase in gossypol oil (83%) compared with example 2 (80.0) and a slightly reduced content of soluble proteins (80.0%) compared with example 2 (83%) are observed. However, the content of soluble protein is quite high and exceeds this indicator, obtained by a known method.

Example 4. Roasting of seeds (Cotton is carried out at a mass ratio of material: oil 1: 1.5 at I20 ° C for 10 minutes. An increase in gossypol withdrawal is noticeable; oil (up to 88% The soluble protein content is high enough (81%).

Example 5. Roasting of cotton seeds is carried out with mass 51601109

BOM regarding material: oil 1: 0,6 for 3 min. Increases the transfer of gossypol to oil to E0%. The content of soluble proteins remains practically unchanged (73%) as compared with examples 3 and C.

Example 6. The roasting of cotton seeds is carried out at a mass ratio of material: oil. 1: 0 at 180 ° C for 0.5 min. The elimination of gossypol in oil is 90.0, the content of total soluble proteins is 80%, i.e. almost at the level

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the oil differs from the previous content of phospholipids (, 7), and the meal has a degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (57, A%).

Example 10. Thermal processing of soybean seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1.5 at 120 ° C for 10 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (5.3%), and meal - a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (59.8%

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example 5, although the process time is reduced, 5 with a high solubility of protein

cheno six times.

Example 7. Roasting of cotton seeds is carried out at a weight ratio of material: oil 1: 6.0 for 0.5 min. It is noticeable that, although the elimination of gossypol in the oil remained at a sufficiently high level (88%) as compared with examples 3-6, the content of total soluble proteins was reduced to 75%, which is practically at the level of a known method.

Examples 2 and 7 describe the conditions that go beyond the proposed limits of the limits of variation of technological parameters. Low temperatures (example 2) allow preserving protein, but elimination of gossypol is not enough. High temperatures (example 7) are allowed. full output in gossypol oil, but with the deterioration of food, protein properties. A comprehensive solution to the goal is achieved in examples 3-6, the technological parameters of which are within the boundaries of the proposed method. ./

The process data for cotton / cotton seeds are presented in table. one.

Example 8. The heat treatment of soybean seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 at 80 ° C for 15 minutes. Removal of the solvent from miscella and meal is carried out by analogy for cotton. sem n

These modes do not achieve the goal. The oil has a low content of phospholipids (3.5%) and a low degree of inactivation of the Trypsin inhibitor (22.9% - Table 2.)

Example 9. The heat treatment of soybean seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 for 13 minutes. Received

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substances (88.3%).

Example 11. The heat treatment is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1.5 for 3 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a phospholipid content of 5.8%, and meal - by a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (60.1%),

Example 12. Thermal processing of soybean seeds is carried out at a ratio of material: oil 1: 2 at 180 ° C for 0.5 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a high content of 2 phospholipids (5.5%), and meal - a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (62.3%) without a decrease in soluble protein substances (85.2%).

Example 13. The heat treatment of sowing of soy is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 2 at 200 ° C for 0.5 minutes. In the resulting oil, a decrease in the phospholipid content (3; 9%) is noticeable, and the meal is characterized by a low degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (49.9%). These are presented in table. 2. Example C. The heat treatment of sunflower seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 for 15 minutes.

The heat treatment conditions used in the example do not ensure the achievement of this goal. 50 Phospholipid content in oil

(0.5%) is at a level lower than the known method.

Example 15. The heat treatment of sunflower seeds is 55 d t at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 at 95 ° C for 15 minutes. According to the results of the analyzes table. 3, the content of phospholipids sharply increases in oil (0.98%). Meal is characterized

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the oil differs from the previous one in an increased content of phospholipids (, 7), and the meal has a degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (57, A%).

Example 10. The heat treatment of soybean seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1.5 at 120 ° C for 10 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (5.3%), and meal - a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (59.8%)

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5 at high solubility of protein

, 5 with high solubility of protein

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substances (88.3%).

Example 11. The heat treatment is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1.5 for 3 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a phospholipid content of 5.8%, and meal - by a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (60.1%),

Example 12. The heat treatment of soybean seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 2 at 180 ° C for 0.5 minutes. The resulting oil is characterized by a high content of 2 phospholipids (5.5%), and meal - a high degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (62.3%) without a decrease in soluble protein substances (85.2%).

Example 13. The heat treatment of sowing of soy is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 2 at 200 ° C for 0.5 minutes. In the resulting oil, a decrease in the phospholipid content (3; 9%) is noticeable, and the meal is characterized by a low degree of inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor (49.9%). These are presented in table. 2. Example C. The heat treatment of sunflower seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 for 15 minutes.

The heat treatment conditions used in the example do not achieve the goal. 0 Content of phospholipids in oil

(0.5%) is at a level lower than the known method.

Example 15. Hydrothermal; the treatment of sunflower seeds was 5 dt at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 at 95 ° C for 15 minutes. According to the results of the analyzes table. 3, the content of phospholipids sharply increases in oil (0.98%). Meal is characterized

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high content of soluble protein substances (87.1%). I Example 16, Hydrothermal (Treatment of sunflower seeds. Wire | water at a material: oil ratio of 11: 1.5 at 120 ° C for 10 minutes. | The oil is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (1.19%), and the meal - high solubility of proteins (85.8%).

Example 17. The heat treatment of sunflower seeds is carried out at a material: oil ratio of 1: 1 at 150 ° C for 3 minutes. The oil is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (1.20%), and meal - by the high solubility of protein substances (85.7%).

PRI meper 18, the moisture-thermal extraction of sunflower seeds is carried out at a ratio of material: oil Ir i at IBO C for 0.5 min. : 1 the content of phospholipids in oil is 1.18%, and the mass fraction of total soluble protein substances is 3 meal 84.9%.

EXAMPLE 19 The moisture-thermal extraction of sunflower seeds is carried out at a ratio of material: oil: 6 at 200 ° C for 0.5 min. At 5TOM, the content of ||) osfolipids in oil (0.89%) is noticeably reduced, and

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the keeping of total soluble proteins in the meal is at the level of a known method.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining vegetable oils from oil-containing seeds, including cleaning seeds from impurities, separating the fruit coat from the core, grinding it, moisturizing, heat treating, in the presence of a reagent and then removing the oil, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the oil by increasing the degree of extraction of valuable concomitant substances and intensifying the process, heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 95 for 0.5–15 min, while using vegetable oil as a reagent, ennoe from the same feedstock, wherein the weight ratio of raw material: oil is set to 1: (0,5-6,3) .. 2. The method according to p. 1, about tl and h and y and the fact that the mass ratio of raw materials: oil is set equal to 1: (O, 5-6.3) for soybean seeds, 1: (0 , 6-6.3) for cotton seeds, 1: (1-6.3) for sunflower seeds. 1.35 Famous 0.70 0.41 Proposed 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 0.50 0.35 0.32 0.23 0.30 0.38 0.27 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.16 T a b l i C a b9,7 70.0 ABOUT 83.0 80.0 81 79.0 80.0 75.0 J60I10910 table 2 Table 3