SU1584049A1 - Direct frequency converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to power converter technology and can be used to smoothly control the rotational speed of asynchronous motors. The aim of the invention is to reduce the mass and dimensions of the energy-converting installation. The power plant contains 6-phase valve sets 7 - 12 connected to two M-phase windings 5, 6 of generator 4 and connected in pairs to output terminals 1 - 3. The windings 5, 6 are interconnected via valve groups 13, 14. To output terminals 1 - 3, the forced switching unit 20 is connected. Due to the appropriate control, the reactive current is closed inside the converter through the block 20. As a result, the installed power of the generator 4 is reduced. For control, information on the input voltages and output voltages and currents is used. Optimized operation mode of the block 20. 6 З.п. f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

The invention relates to power converter technology and can be used for fusible control of the rotation frequency of asynchronous short-circuited motors in various-purpose drives, in astro-autonomous traction electric drives with its own adjustable power supply, the installation of which should have the lowest possible mass and dimensions.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the mass of the dimensions of the energy-converting installation while at the same time increasing the functional reliability of the direct frequency converter (NFC).

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the execution of the NFC; in fig. 2-4 are block diagrams of the control unit and the logical nodes included in it in FIG. 5–8 are timing diagrams explaining the operation of the control unit and the whole of H1TP.

The converter (Fig. 1) has output outputs 1-3 and connects 7 to the power source 4, which has at least two separate, and - phase phase windings to each of. which NFC is connected using a separate set of 5, 6 input pins (KVB). Each output phase output 1-3 (PV) of the converter is connected to KVV 5, 6 by means of the main connecting valves (OPV) included in groups 7-12, of which groups 7, 9, 11 are cathodic and on the AC side are connected to KVV 5, c. groups 85 10, 12 - anode and on the side of alternating current connected to 6 kW

KVV 6 and 5 are interconnected by means of the cathode group 13 and the anode group 14, and the common point of the connection of the group terminals forms the neutral 15 of the NPS.

The switching on of all controllable NPP valves at given times — time is provided by the switch-on unit 16, the input terminals of which are connected to each of the input and output PNC terminals. The block 16 also provides signals removed from current sensors 17-19 (CG) which are included in the FS splitting 1-3 (before connecting the load phases A, B, C) after connecting the switching unit 20 at the nodal points 21-23.

0

five

0

five

0

five

R

0

five

Switching unit 20 comprises two rectifying bridges 24 and 25, the cathode groups 26 and the anodic ja groups 27 of which are interconnected via a device 28 for current equalization with additional terminals 29 and 30.

Additional controlled gates 31-42 (OILs) are included in the four mentioned groups: the 31-33 and 34-36 anode my valves 24 and the 40-42 cathode and anodic bridges 45. To the additional terminal 29 of the device 28 DLR leveling The current is connected to the plate of the switching capacitor 43, the second plate of which is connected to the common connection point of the anode and cathode of counter-parallel connected auxiliary controlled gates 44 and 45 (TIA), the second common connection point of which is connected to the second additional terminal 30 of the device 28.

1 The device 28 for leveling the current in two parallel circuits can be made in the form of double-winding throttles, the terminals of which separate windings are connected to the anode and cathode terminals of bridges 24 and 25, and additional terminals 29 and .30 are connected to the middle points of these windings. In device 28, additional terminal 29 is formed by a common junction point of the beginnings of windings 46 and 47, and terminal 30 is formed by a common junction point of winding ends 46 and 47 connected to terminals 52 and 53, respectively, of the cathode 26 and anodic 27 bridge groups 24, and the beginning of the windings 48 and 49 are connected to terminals 54 and 55, respectively, of the cathode 26 and anodic, 27 groups of the bridge 25.

The plates 56 and 57 of the switching capacitor 43 are connected to the output 29 and the common point 58 of the connection between the anode and the cathode of the VC 44, 45.

Block 16 has an input 59, which is fed pulses with a frequency fky-KpaT-th output frequency f NFC (НПKu- and kf), as well as inputs connected to KVV 5, 6, PV 1-3, neutral FPS 15, and cathode and the anode pins of 52-55 bridges 24 and 25, which are labeled with the same numbers as the pins to which they are connected. Block 16 includes a logical node 60, which provides for the supply and removal of switching signals for groups. 7-14 OPV, as well as the production of auxiliary

signals to create conditions for the inclusion of a VC and OIL.

Unit 16 (Fig. 2) is equipped with sensors 61-66 of group condition (DSG) 7-12 OPV, which form signals "fgd) s / c (i), respectively, of the anodic cathode group connected to the i-th PV, NPS in the presence of in this group, at least one conductive OPV, sensors 67-72 of the polarity of each PV relative to neutral 15 (DP0, sensors 67, 69, 71) and relative to the neighboring PV (DPC ;, sensors 68, 70, 72), forming signals U, 0 (+), Ufef., - 67, U „(j

And (-; 68 uio (+)

U

U2J (V,, L-43 (-) - 70, U

And And 71 iek +), and In this case U

U

30 (4.)

L C-) 1K + J

and

-69,

-72.

IN

5l (l

 and is (-)

Unit 16 can also be equipped with sensors 73-84 of the state of conduction | additional (DSD) valves 31- 42 of the switching unit 20, generating the output signals 31 -, with conductivity respectively OIL 31-42.

The presence of separate DSD 73-84 is optional and can be dictated only by the specifics of building block 16. Instead of every three of their twelve DSD 73-84, one group sensor can be used, each of which is made similarly to DSG 61-66. For such group DSDs, the common group wire is pins 52 and 53 of bridge 24 and pins 54 and 55 of bridge 25 (Fig. 1). These group DSDs (not shown in Fig. 1-3) are called by the number of their common group output.

So, group DSD 52 instead of 73- 75, DSD 53 instead of 76-78, DSD 54 instead of 79-81, DSD 35 instead of 82-84.

All these DSDs generate 0 signals at their output (52 - efss, respectively, if there is at least one conducting OIL in the specified group, at least one current-conducting OIL. Instead of twelve individual DASs, the control unit 16 can be used to control the conduction of OILs.

Current transducer converters (GSC) 85-87 with DT current transducers; 17-19 each FS 1-3 NRFs have on the output gri, on which, for example, normalized signals are formed

five

current of the corresponding polarity 1 / () (-) and the signal ul when the phase current exceeds a predetermined level Itc regardless of its polarity

LH

II I- 1M 0.

n

The index m and the signs (+) and (-) are placed on the arrows of the outputs with the phase current Ij, to which this PDTj 85-87 belongs, and the direction from the nodes 21-23 to the phases A, B With load.

Switching capacitor (CC) 88 voltage converter also has three outputs on which 4UK | signals are generated. U c | 0 and U

TO()

U

)

TO(-)

according

with polarity voltage, and the signal U c. (4.) corresponds to the positive capacitor plate on the side of the bridge 24.

At the output of converter 89, a normalized 4U signal is generated:

P

- and Fri o,

0

five

0

five

 gg ik (3 „

B p (e) is the specified voltage values at the capacitor 43 and at the output of the power source 4, above which an artificial switching mode is possible. Excess signals from converters 85-89 are supplied to the inputs of the mode setting unit (BZR) 90 of the NFC operation. Signals exceeding the phase currents UI f {- can be pre-summed into the total current L1 I $ f + dl $ t + D1 $ 5.

This summation of signals can be made at a separate input 3 OR to create 41.

BZR 90 has three separate signal outputs Ej, P dg, on which are formed in accordance with the following logical expressions:

Th

whether

l

AV + dlЈ;

4U

 41 + ()

t.

55

or

yi ml x dU "dli.

AND

ck

This provides alternate signal generation at each of the outputs. In the case of the presence of only the D1 signal or the absence of all the exceeding signals at the output of the BRW, the ESg signal is formed — the NFC operation and the natural switching mode. The appearance of a signal, but only in the absence of a signal, L1 leads to the appearance of a signal, while

E &., and the appearance of SCR is #

i got dU J, but in the absence of D1,

I results in the appearance of a CSI signal and | removal of HHH. The Hcs signal is preserved; as long as the signal A U is present and ZJ1 is absent.

An additional output (for example, 4Ig) can be derived from BZR for the voltage control system of the power supply source 4 and the settable frequency ЈKa to limit the growth of the corresponding parameters while maintaining the 3lЈ signal.

Outputs Eat, P, 4d is connected to node 91, which provides the supply of switching signals to the pulses to the control electrodes of the OIL and VCW 20 of the commutation. The other inputs of block 91 are connected to the outputs of node 60, which contains (Fig. 3) a pulse distributor 92 and shapers 93-100 including signals (FSH) of groups 7-14 of OPV.

FSH 93-98 form triggering signals for groups of 7–12 OPV connected to the corresponding V – M WF. With a three-phase output converter H 19 2 or 3 and, therefore, with

,, and when

14-1 1.

Under the accepted system (FIG. 1) of the designations of PV and OTIB groups, of which the cathode 7, 9, 11 have 1 printed numbers, which correspond to the numbers 1 g 2, 3 PV FPS, as

k (i) 2 (3 + I) - 1,

and the anodic groups of 8, 10, 12 are connected with the i-th EF PVP

and (1) 2 (3 + 1).

Therefore, the designations (indices) at abraviatures {.. „) 1d С«} correspond to a logical connection with the anodic cathode group, connected to the ith PV, which has its own

-

5 Q

five

five

0

g

 The actual number defined by the above expressions. For example, FSH (1) 93 is FSH7, and FSH 98 is FSH1g.

For OPV groups 13 and 14, connected to the neutral 15 of the converter, in the case of using controlled opac, FSH 99, FSH 100 are provided, which have an input element OR-NOT 6, therefore the output signal of these FSH is formed in the absence of signals all six entrances.

Pulse distributor 92 (PS) converts pulse input signal 59 into paraphase signals with a duration of Tr / 2, shifted between direct or inverse outputs by Tr / 3.

I

Each of the RI 92 outputs is connected to the first input 2I of the corresponding amplifier-former 101-106, which are switched on at the output of FSH 93-98. The second input is connected to the output of element 2 OR, one of the inputs of which is the enable input of FSH, and the other is connected to the output of element 2 of OR-t-IE, whose inputs are the inhibitory inputs of FSH.

Node 60 contains shapers 107-124 of confirming signals: shapers 107-112 of signals, / З1 removal of the starting signal (CBC) from the corresponding anodic, cathodic OPV group connected to the 1V of the PV;

signal conditioners 113-118 (“),. (. you

/ Ј voltage change polarity

(IPC) of this group relative to neutral 15 after removal from this group of the trigger signal; shapers 119-124 signals V,% W complete locking of all OPV groups (ZVG) after removing the switching on signal from it and changing the polarity of the voltage on the i-th PV.

The formers 107-118 contain element 2И and form the output signal in the case of simultaneous presence of both signals on the IR inputs, in accordance with the logical expressions:

pa (i) U, - x rfa (i); pfc (i) fod) - rfe (i) U; e (+); GK (1) c (Ku | e (-),

U.xdL (i);

- respectively direct and inverse signals from the 1st output of the RI 92;

- a signal from the output of DSG 61-, 66 on the presence of conductive OPV in the anodic, cathodic group connected to the ith PV.

io (-

- the signal from the output of the DPN connected between the i-th PV and the neutral (67, 69, 71) about the change of the polarity of the voltage. Thus, the signal at the output of the SVS is formed from the moment of removing the trigger signal from the OPV group before changing the polarity on it to

five

reverse polarity on the i-th PV and is interrupted when the polarity of the voltage changes on the opposite OPV group after removing the switching signal from it until at least one of the OPV of this group continues to conduct current.

The ZVG 119-124 shapers contain only two logic elements: 2I - at the output, the first input of which is connected to the corresponding output of the RI 92, and the other - to the output of element 2 OR NOT, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the DSG (61-66) of both groups connected to the i-th PV. Therefore, the output signal), ZVG (1) is formed only in the case of locking all OPV connected to the i-th PV, but with

of the moment of locking all OPVs of this body, only when the signal is removed from

The signal at the output OR is formed from the moment of polarity change of voltage on this group and also until the moment of blocking of all OPV of this group.

The SVS outputs of the cathode (odd) groups are connected to the first three inputs of OR FSH 99, and the outputs of the SVS anode (even) groups are connected to the first three inputs of OR FSH 100.

The second three inputs of FSH 99 are connected to the outputs of the IPC of the anodic (even) group, and for the LSG 100 they are connected to the outputs of the PIT of the cathode (odd) groups.

Thus, the trigger signal and, 3 at the output of FSH 99 and U, 4 at the output of FSH, is formed when the condition is met:

U

f3

direct RI output for 3Bref (i) inverse dL). The outputs of all considered shapers of confirming signals are connected to

25 inputs node 91, which contains

(Fig. 4) six (according to the number of SPV groups connected to the PV) logical blocks of trigger pulses of shifters of the SIFV (1), SIFC (1) 125-130, for a single30 temporary launch of the formers

their pulses (PID) 131-142, for switching on the OIL 31-42, which is carried out through a pulse distributor (RID) 134-148 for the indicated OIL.

35 The mentioned SIFASh, SIFKSH 125-130 also start pulse formers (FIV) 149 and 150 to switch on the VUV 44 and 45 through the nodes connecting the switching capacitors

 (Р7 t Рэ) + Г + 40 (ПККв (1), ПККК (О) 151-156, which

together with RIDq (i), RID K (i) 143-148 and with the activation node of the RVD (O, RVDK (1). 157-162 are included in each), GRPF (1), respectively.

PIDs 131-142 each have three separate OR inputs, the first two of which are connected to one of the outputs of the corresponding RIDDC) RIDK (1) 143-148, and the third to one of the first two outputs of the HKKK (i) 151-156.

The formation of the signals at the output of each RID 143-148 is carried out by the signal from the output of each RID 157-162, which is included in their common MIF (Ј), GIFM 125-130.

A signal from the output of each SDI 157-162 arrives at the first input of each REID 143-148, which is the input

and 14 (ft + P, o + / V + (T + 7Vb) Therefore, when the switching-on signal is removed from the anode, cathode OPV group, the switching-on signal is also taken off at the output of FSH 100 and 99, and later, after changing the voltage polarity, and with FSH 99 and 100, respectively.

The first prohibitory input of FSH 93-98 is connected to the PDT output of its PV, but of opposite polarity (I, -l + j for FSH (i) and to 1; and for FSGK III). The second prohibitory entrance of FSH (1) FSGk (1) is connected to the output of the PSI "(1-1), ILNO. (1-1), respectively.

 Therefore, the formation of an inclusive signal at the output of FSH 93-98 is delayed by the time of current flow

45

50

S5

I 11584049

the first amplifier-former (UV) having two outputs, which are connected to the inputs of two corresponding PIDs 131-136, including the OILs of the first

12

Each RZD 157-162 is made in the same way as the RVD 157 and contains the output element 2I, the first input of which is connected to the output of the LLN that is turned on.

the bridge of the switching unit 20, and is e-5 dy Ј-m and (1-1) -m FV on the polarity,

with the first input element 2I, two outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the PID 137-142, including the OIL of the second bridge of the switching unit 20. The second input of the RID 143-148, which is the second input of the element 2I, is connected to the output

opposite that provided by this OPV group in the presence of a triggering signal, the second input of element 2I is connected to the output of element 2 OR, the first input of which is connected to the output of the PNK 88Li (+) for RVDash and dUK (-) for RVDK (1) . The second input of the specified element 2 OR is connected to the output of the second element 2I, the first input of which is connected to the output of IPNdSH, SPI „(1), and the second - to the output of the element NO, whose input is connected to BZR and its output I. Therefore, the signal qa (i), qK (i) at the output of the SSHDTS), RVDK (1) is formed if the following condition is fulfilled:

do Esg BZR 90.

Therefore, in the E mode of the RID 143-148 form signals on all four outputs, and in all other modes (Pl and I.ch ") only on the first two

tt 1crv

outlets „

At each output of each RID 143148, the FID number 131-142 is indicated, to the input of which this output is connected. Similarly, at the inputs of the FID 131-142, the numbers of the RID and GAC are indicated, to which each input is connected.

Each FIV 149, 150 is UV with three separate inputs 3 OR, which are connected to the output of the corresponding PAC 152, 154 and 156 e, FIV

149 and PAC 151, 153 and 155 DG, FIV 150. Each PAC (1), PAC (1) 151-156

It has four inputs and four outputs. The GAC inputs are connected to two elements 2I, the first of which is connected to the output of the BZR Claim 90 and the corresponding SVSD (1) exit, the CBCK (i) 107-112, and the second to the PDG output of the BZR 90 and output ZVG ", (), 119-124, the output of the first element 2I and the first output of the second element 2I are fed to inputs 2 OR UV with three separate outputs, the first two of which are connected to the third input of the corresponding PID 131-142, including one of the corresponding OIL 31-42 from each bridge unit 20.

The third output of UV 2, which is included in PKKY (1) 152, 154 and 156, is connected to the input of FIV 149, and the input one to 151, 153, and 135 - to the input of FIV 150. The second output of the second element 2 and PKKYA (1), PAC (1) 151-156 is the fourth PAC output (About PAC (1)

The signal § § -J, on which it is formed only in the mode arrives at the enabling input of FGC (1), FSG (1) and includes the opposite OPV group. The number of the OPV group is indicated together with the designation of the signal at the fourth output of the PAC 151-156.

12

Each RZD 157-162 is made in the same way as the RVD 157 and contains at its output element 2I, the first input of which is connected to the output of the LLN connected between the Ј-m and (1-1) -m EF by polarity,

0

opposite the one provided by this OPV group in the presence of a turn-on signal, the second input of element 2I is connected to the output of element 2 OR, the first input of which is connected to the output of PNK 88Li "(+) for RVDaSh and dUK (-) - for RVDK (1). The second input of the specified element 2 OR is connected to the output of the second element 2I, the first input of which is connected to the output of IPNdSH, IIT „(1), and the second - to the output of the element NO, the input of which is connected to BZR and its output I. Therefore, the signal qa (i), qK (i) at the output of the TDHF), RVDK (1) is formed if the following condition is met:

five

0

five

0

five

0

qe (i) xU. (UK ,, +

+ L UKC +, x Ui (.);

qK (i) (Ј) U, -n, K-) +

+ aiky and;

In modes E

st

1 CM) (-) and P

AH

qa (i) signal

q (i) is formed after the occurrence of the signals "(1), Yc (1) and the change of the polarity of the voltage between the ith and (1-1) -m EF to the opposite, i.e. when the voltage on the polarity of the i-th PV becomes modulo more than the voltage on the (1-1) -m PV, the polarity of which does not change.

In the IC mode (, the signal q (i), q (i) is formed after the signal N of the opposite polarity appears at the output of the NCP 88, and by this time there is always a signal with DPN,% about polarity reversal wives

The proposed Converter (Fig. 1) works as follows.

Converted to RI 92 (.fig. 3) input signal 59 settable frequency f ,. The coil is converted into three pairs of paraphase signals Uf, U ,, U 3, Ua, from, UZ that are fed to FSH 93-98, including at least two, or even three groups of OPV, connected to different PV.

During start-up and operation at low frequencies, the voltage of the power source (PS) 4 is low and a signal is generated at the output of ES BZR 90, which sets the converter's natural switching mode (Fig. 5).

For the moment tQ 0, the moment when the signal from the output U is selected is selected, and the appearance of the signal at the output U, RI 92 (at steady state operation). In this case, the inclusive signal from group 8, the anodic OPV group of the first PV is removed, and SHS 107 generates a signal (b) which prevents the formation of a signal at the output of FSH 99, including group 13, for the time Јt of its own.

This leads to a decrease in the absolute value of the voltage on the PV.1 and at the time t01 (Fig. 6a) a change in the polarity of the voltage. From this moment, the signal t is formed at the output of the PIT 113, which prohibits the formation of the switching signals Un and U) 4 at the output of FSH 97 and 100, respectively. Therefore, the voltage on the PV 3 begins to decrease.

After the time t0i, the voltage U) (1 on FV 1 becomes more U ss than on FZ 3 (, with i 1 is 3). This leads to the formation of a signal q I at the output of the high-pressure hoses 158, which is fed to the RID 144 and on the other its input signal, Eds leads to the formation of a signal immediately on all its four outputs connected to: the PID inputs 131, 136, 137 and 142. The indicated PIDs include OIL 31 and 36 of the first bridge 24 and OIL 37 and 42 of the second bridge 25 of the block 20 switching (Fig. D

As a result, the current of phase A, flowing in the negative direction (from the asynchronous machine to group 8), begins to flow in two parallel circuits: through OIL 31 windings 46 and 47 current divider and OIL 36 and through OIL 37 through windings 48 and 39 and OIL 42 to FV 3, reducing the current of EF 3 from group 11.- The transfer of current to OIL 31 and 36 and OIL 37 and 42 causes the last of the current-causing OPVs of group 8 to be locked, the signal about (. With DSG 62 and the removal of signals / l., v, which leads to the restoration of inclusive

signals C ,, and U 4 at the output of FSH 97, 99 and 100. Thus, 41, is the time of existence of the signal / b from the moment of the change of signals on the LAR-outputs RI 92 and up to

| Q y

20 5

ZO 0

5 Q

five

five

locking the last current OPV, at - time of decreasing the voltage on the PV to zero, dts - time of the signal existence –y1 (Fig. 5 and 6), i The switched on switched on optical devices conduct the reactive current until it decreases to zero. This leads to the removal of the signal (.) At the prohibitory input of FSH 93, since the UT signal from the RI 92 at its input is present all the time, then the immediate formation of the U7 signal to turn on the OPV group 7.

At the time t Tt / 6, the signals are switched on the paraphase outputs 3RI, 92, the signal p is removed from group 11 and a signal p is generated, and through Qtt - fn, which causes the FSH 100 signal to be locked and then FSH signal f 99 and 96, etc. similar to that described.

The time /} t (Fig. 5 and b), by which the switching of the switching on signal U on the corresponding OPV group is delayed after the polarity of the voltage on it is determined, determines the duration of the flow of reactive current through the OIL and can be fixed by the signals from LSID 73-84 and not due to the disappearance of the signal from the corresponding PDT output 85-87. This moment, in the case of weak currents, can be determined more precisely precisely by the presence of signals

 - 42

With a frequency at the output of f g; f times DC, dti, which are determined by frequency f, PI 4 are relatively small, therefore voltage dips during this time are hardly noticeable, and the voltage form on the PV converter step is similar to that at the output of an autonomous voltage inverter (Fig. 5, thin and dashed lines).

The converter is intended primarily for use on autonomous transformer means, for which it is considered optimal to use the full power of the power source at all speeds of motion. This leads to the fact that at low frequencies Јg, the phase current is given. be substantially larger than large ones. When starting and moving UH ()

f 0,5U SP (max j converter can work with output currents exceeding twice the current of the nominal mode and after switching to the mode

artificial switching This is ensured by the flow of reactive current along two parallel circuits from the OILs of both bridges 24 and 25 of the switching unit 20.

The current flowing through these circuits is equalized by means of an electromagnetic device 28.} 0

With increasing frequency частотыg, switching voltage dips and trapezoidal growth and voltage decrease begin to appear more and more. FIG. ba-in shows the form of the voltages Ufd, U, e s U3a on the VF of the converter relative to the neutral 15, on which up to the time point T / 2 (and even to tQ-) the mode of natural switching of the PV of the converter is shown.

When the current consumed by the load decreases to a predetermined value, the increase in the voltage of the JN 4 to its nominal value is not observed, the signal at the 25th output of the BZR EC signal is removed and appears at the output. This leads to locking of the second. -148 with the input 2I and the correction of the signals only on the left 30 pairs of outputs and, accordingly, the activation of the OIL only for the first bridge 24. The appearance of the signal triggers the second element 2I in the PAC 151-156 when the signal appears that all OPV connected to this PV are locked. A signal is generated at once on all four outputs of the PAC,

Therefore, the switching process itself is similar, but with the help of an OIL, only the first bridge, and after locking all OPV groups, from which the switching signal was removed, to another divergent group connected to the same HF, the switching signal is applied a signal for connecting a switching capacitor, which by its other output is connected to another conductive current of the opposite group of the RLV of another PV. For example, (Fig. 7) 9 if, when changing the polarity of the PV 1 s to + and locking the previously conducted OPV of group 8 due to the q signal from the high-pressure hoses 158 (Fig. 4), only the PID 131, 136 is turned on, then after the forg-signal, the signal on all four outputs of the PAC 152, which arrive at

PID inputs 131, 141, FIV 149 and enable input FSH 93. Therefore, despite the presence of signal I

P-)

about the flow of current in the opposite direction, due to the arrival of the signal from the PAC 152, an energizing signal U is generated at the output of the FSH 93, in addition, the switching pulses are supplied to the control electrodes OIL 31 and 34 and VUV 44 and the switching capacitor

43connects to the included cathode group 7 through the OIL 31, via the VUV

44 and an OIL 41 to pin 2 and conductive current group 10. The capacitor is charged to a voltage slightly higher than the voltage between groups 7 and 10, after which the current through the OPV of group 7 drops and they are locked, and the capacitor 43 continues to be charged with reactive current phase A, until it drops to zero, or until the voltage on the capacitor 43 reaches a predetermined value and a face signal appears.

If during the charging time the capacitor reactive current decreases to zero before the voltage on the capacitor grows to a predetermined value, then the OIL will not be re-enabled, and the I1 signal disappears (i eliminates the prohibition of forming the on-signal U7 and activates the OPV group 7, and the described process is repeated again through the switching of the next OPV group, for example group 11 (Fig. 7), and then 10.

If the capacitor is charged to a voltage higher than a predetermined value before the reactive current drops to zero, the dUK (+1 (.) Signal appears along with the excess signal, according to the absolute value of the voltage (1-1) mFV, leads to the re-formation of the signal q and the inclusion of the corresponding REED and OIL of the first bridge.The appearance of the signal, DOC after the next recharging of the capacitor switches the signals to BZR and the signal appears And With | C. This signal leads to the fact that The PAC only generates a signal on its three outputs. and immediately after removing the trigger signal from the OPV group associated with it. This mode is shown in Fig. 7 from the L 10T2 / 12 ST4 / 6 and Fig. 8.

17

At time t0 (FIG. 8), the switching signals occur at the first output of the RI 92, U, is removed, and Uf is applied. The signal U is removed and the signal / 5j is generated, which is fed to

with"

PDCC 152 together with the signal I, and signal the signal at the first three of its terminals, connected by inputs 131, 141 and 149. This causes the precharged capacitor to be connected between the current-conducting groups 8 and 10, and for the current-conducting OPV groups 8 the capacitor discharge current is shut off. Therefore, the last of the current conducting OPVs of group 8 is locked, and the capacitor 43 continues to recharge with the current PV 1.

After the voltage on the capacitor exceeds a predetermined value and a 4 U signal appears, a qg signal is generated, which turns on OIL 144 OIL 31 and 36 and creates a circuit for the reactive current of the PV 1.

Similar processes occur when switching other OPV converter groups in accordance with the timing diagram (Fig. 8). On ig. 8a shows diagrams of the voltage U, - and

ten

15

to

current i - phase A on 20

25

thirty

loads.

The shaded triangles in the current diagram iA is the current transmitted by the OILs of the switching unit 20. After changing the polarity of the voltage and decay of the peak of the overvoltage in the curve U) (J (t)) after connecting the PV 1 to the PV 3, the reactive current A of the load is transferred to phase C and unloads the OPV groups 11 and 12 (Fig. 1 The shaded triangle in curve 1d (O after passing through the maximum shows part of the current that is transmitted from phase B to phase A after it is connected by means of an OIL and thereby reduces the current flowing through the OPV of groups 7 and 8. t

A portion of the reactive current of the i-phase of the load (Fig. 8a) from the moment the OPV group is locked up until the moment of switching on the OILs connecting the PV to each other, goes to recharge the capacitor 43 to the voltage Uk Uk U to (nVm), which is despite some possible The change in the voltage of the power source can be maintained over the entire frequency range f $ constant.

ten

15

35

to D5

404918

Thus, the proposed NFC allows, in the artificial switching mode, to obtain the output voltage frequency f f with full equality of all half periods of all phase voltages.

Regardless of the mode of operation of the NFC, the reactive current of the load phase is transferred to another phase of the load via the OIL of the switching unit, the load of the OPV is reduced, the inverter mode is eliminated, and the OPV operates in the rectifier mode at o (# 0, which ensures high utilization also the power supply, as in the case of operation on an unmanaged rectifier.

Enhanced use of OILs is provided; switching unit 20 in natural switching mode, when inrush currents can be twice the nominal value, OILs form two parallel circuits to transfer reactive current from phase to phase of the load.

The minimum installed power of the elements of the artificial switching unit is ensured, since the artificial switching mode is carried out at a constant voltage on the switching capacitor, only the current that does not exceed the nominal value is switched, and the switching node does not have additional circuits of the subelectric and switching capacitor.

Claims (7)

1. Direct frequency converter with three output phase outputs (EF) and with at least two valve sets along w input terminals for connection to a power source with at least two separate m-phase windings, forming together with the power source energy-transforming the installation in which the specified converter contains the main connecting valves (OPV) connected in four pairs of anodic and cathodic rectifying groups, s of which the anodic group from the cathodic are connected in pairs by their own conclusions and direct current, connection points, form the indicated PV, and their AC leads are connected, to the specified sets of input terminals of the converter, the anode terminals of three cathode groups made on controlled vents and the fourth anodic cathode terminals being connected to the first one. the cathode leads of three anode groups, also made on controlled vents, and the anode leads of the fourth cathode group, the common junction point of the fourth pair of groups forms the neutral point transformer, switching unit connected to output 1FV, including additional controllable valves (UWB) and switching capacitor connected by means of auxiliary controlled valves (IWV), converter control unit, input.connects connected to each of the input and the output pins of the converter and the neutral with a driver input connected to the setpoint frequency fK.yk fi, where k is any integer and also includes a logical node l, for example, pulse distributor (PH), transducers and beams with frequency f THREE pairs of parabazka; - signals U,, U. ,, 1) g, u, b75, U3, pairwise successively shifted angle, with frequency f7 and duration - as well as potential sensors with respect to neutral (DI0) and with respect to the adjacent output PV converter - (DP (i)) - output signals p c 1-th) P 01-,) and P (i ±) (b P (i) (- {}, respectively, phase to.a (DT,) sensors - T v (i), included in the splitting each PV, a voltage sensor (U) of a switching capacitor, (DNA) and a threshold voltage sensor U overv in the input of the converter of a given voltage UK S, forming a signal 4U ,, - vJ d U P, O, shapers of switching signals of Ј FSHH groups ( h) FSHP (1) 3 for switching on the OPV of the anodic-analogue group connected with the 1st PV, respectively, and the FFB and FIV pulse shapers for turning on the OIL and VUV converter, respectively, characterized by oh, with a needle for reducing the mass and dimensions of the power converting installation for increasing the power factor at the input terminals of the converter while simultaneously increasing functional reliability by eliminating the operation of phasing switching on the OPV and the inversion mode of the reactive power of the load phase by directly transferring the reactive current through internal circuits from the central control center directly from phase to load phase via the OIL switchgear of the switching unit indicated OILs are connected in two three-phase rectifying bridges, the AC outputs of which are connected to the PV, and the DC outputs are closed on the primary and secondary, respectively. elements of the current equalization unit between two parallel circuits in the form of two series-connected OILs located in each of these bridges to which this node is connected to the main terminals, and the switching capacitor is connected to its additional terminals using a VC, the converter control unit is equipped with sensors the conductivity state of each group (DSG) of the OPV, the normalized V / V signal, (i), (i), the output of which is formed when there are conductive valves in the anodic-cathodic OPV group, respectively, connected to i -m VF signal converters with DT, and DNA into the sign signals of the monitored values I, /.,.), I; H, U to (+), IR (-) and the signals & L and dUK exceeding the set values of current Ii and tensions UKI / 31 (I; I 0; di iu. ykz about the unit for setting the operation mode (BZR) of the converter that generates the signals ESt - natural switching, if there are specified signals Ј1 at its input and if all other signals are present or not at its other inputs, or if all of these signals are not present at all its inputs; preparing for the artificial switching mode in the presence of a 4Un signal and the absence of signals 41 and a face; And SC - artificial switching, when the signal is a face and the absence of signals UI, and logical blocks that form at their inputs signals: (1), fbK. (I) When you remove the switching on signal of CBCa (1), CBC K (i ) jcooTe respectively of the anodic-cataline group of OPV, connecting with the i-th PV, when realizing the cultivations; / 3 ((i) U, -, (i), jbk (i) Ufo / K (i); yd (i), j (i) - when the polarity is changed on the 5th electrode, the second pair of these that of the switching unit connected by the ith and (1-1) th PVs with their same name and dissimilar, respectively, with respect to ZIFdTs) and ZIFK (1) the yarn of the corresponding OPV group CffiIHa (i), miHk (i) j, connected to the i-th PV relative to the neutral, when implementing expressions; jfa (i)  BUT / . / H -. / - / h 1 outputs connected to the inputs of the PID, including OILs of the second bridge of the switching unit connected to the ith and (rd1) -m PV in the same way, p  ftc (+ i) - cd (r), TV (i) (i) and the sixth outputs are connected to к о (к Ш; (i) к ()) When all OPVs are locked in the corresponding group ЗВГдШ, ЗВГК (Ш when realizing the expressions j ff «(i) U {« i (i) + (i), §K (i) ti x 15 PID inputs that include OILs of different bridges, of which, in the first bridge of the switching unit, are OILs, are connected by the same power electrode to the anode-cathodic OPV group, and in the second, an OIL connected to an (r + 1) -MU PV , its seventh output is connected to the FIV input, which includes a VUV, connected to the power electrodes with the same power electrodes of the indicated OILs, and its eighth output is connected to the fourth enabling input of the FGC (1), FGH (1) of the opposite group of OPV connected to the same PV, each) and 3№k (i) has eight the inputs, the first three of the switches are connected to each of the BZR outputs, the other three are connected to the outputs of the motherboards, 3Brq HJiH CBCK (i), IPNX1, 3BFK (i), respectively, the seventh input is connected to the output of the DP (i- 1) i is of opposite polarity voltage, and the eighth e input is connected to the output of the DNA / IU transforming signals to (-), D c. (- 1 ZIFk (d), forming impulses on the first four of its outputs, if present at the corresponding input signals from the PD (ii); the change in polarity of voltage, forming a pulse only at the first two outputs in the presence of a signal Pdg of the appearance of a pulse with DP (, - ,, ° b and change of polarity of voltage or at the appearance of a pulse dik against a positive polarity the DNA converter’s output and in the presence of a signal | PDT or the signal Is, which form pulses in the fifth, sixth and seventh: outputs at the onset of impulses da (i) + o (K (i), logical nodes that form a triggering pulse for shapers), KITS (1) of the corresponding anodic-cathode group connected to the i-th PV, when the polarity of the voltage on it changes to form the indicated internal circuits of reactive current flow, as well as circuits for charging current of the switching capacitor and the current of artificial switching of the OPV, while FSGa (Ј), FSGKSH are connected to the primary OSGch by the first inputs (: OJ and to the direct FSGK (1) i-th outputs ROI and there are two more prohibiting entrances, one of which is associated with exits AND NCC + 1), IPNdC + About different OPV group connected to (i + O-mu FV, the other is connected to the outputs of the DT converter, - (+),), D kl FSGK (1), the fourth enable input is connected to the output of the logical node 3H $ R (i),) of the opposing OPV group, connected to the same PV, forming a triggering signal) and UK (i) with the obligatory presence of a signal on the first of the specified inputs and the absence of signals on its inhibiting inputs or in the presence of a signal on its fourth permit entry, PID and FIV, having several separate inputs organized by the OR scheme, The second ones are connected to one of the outputs of the corresponding logical units of the ZIFA (x), ZIFKTS), the logical nodes of the ZIFA (x), ZIFK (1), each containing eight separate outputs, six of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding PID, and the first pair of the specified outputs connected to PID inputs including OILs of the first mos electrode, the second pair indicated the switching unit connected to the i-th and (1-1) -m PV by its same name and unlike with respect to the SIFDT) and the SIFC (1) power electrode, the second pair indicated outputs connected to the inputs of the PID, including OILs of the second bridge of the switching unit, connected to the i-th and (d1) -m PVs in the same way, the fifth and sixth outputs are connected to 15 20 25 thirty 35 45 40 50 five PID inputs that include OILs of different bridges, of which in the first bridge of the switching unit are OILs connected by the same power electrode to this anodic-cathodic OPV group, and in the second one OILs connected by an unlikely power electrode to (g + 1) -MU PV, its seventh output is connected to the input of the FIV, which includes a VUV, connected by force electrodes to the same power electrodes of the indicated OILs, and its eighth output is connected to the fourth enabling input FSGK (1), FSH (1) of the oppositely-colored OPV group connected to the same PV, each) and 3№k (i) has n eight inputs, the first three of which are connected to each of the BZR outputs, the other three to the outputs of the formers, 3Brq (i) HJiH CBCK (i), IPNKS1), 3BFK (i), respectively, the seventh input is connected to the output DP (i-1) i of opposite polarity voltage, and its eighth input is connected to the output of a DNA / IU signal converter to (-), D c. (- 1 SIFC (g), forming pulses on the first four of its outputs if on the corresponding inputs of the signals Esti with DP (ii); a change in the polarity of the voltage, forming a pulse only at the first two outputs in the presence of a signal Pdg and the appearance of a pulse with a PD (, -, ° b of changing the polarity of the voltage or when the pulse appears opposite polarity and in the presence of a signal | PDT or signal Is, forming pulses on the fifth, sixth and seventh: outputs when the appearance of pulses (by (i), / bk (i) and the presence of a Signal signal, or when the appearance of pulses § "(i) §" () and the presence of the signal Пдг- respectively for ZIF (i) and ZIFK (1), and in the latter case, forming a pulse at its last eighth output, where T is the period power supply voltage, T1 TZ is the voltage period for the PV converter, Tr i is the number of the considered PV, 1 i 3 with r 3 i + 1 ™ 19 and with i 1, 1-1 3. 2. The frequency converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to improve the quality of the voltage in the Est mode by reducing the difference in the half-periods of the output voltage, the OPV group, the DC outputs of which are connected to the neutral, are made on controlled vents, and the control unit is supplemented with two additional FSH ( 0), FSGC (0) for these anodic-cathodic groups, respectively, forming (signals ID (0), UK (0) in the case of absence of input signals at its inputs 61Ш1-НЕ, connected to the outputs of the SVSK drivers (1), CBC (,; (2), SVSK (s), rniHqd), schsch (2), FSGY (0) and with the outputs of the formers All (O, CBCq (2),, or (1), IPNA (2) 9 IPNA (3), - tCrK (0). 3. Convert frequency; Cho. 1 different te b in order to reduce success. and the batches of the switching unit, the alignment unit of the eye is made in the form of a core; with a l with a ferromagnetic core with two separate windings with mid points, which are the primary and secondary elements of the node, and the mid points serve as additional conclusions for connecting the commutator capacitor, and the beginning and end of each of the windings are connected at the first winding to the terminals of the anode and cathode OIL groups of the first bridge, and the second winding - to the conclusions of the cathode and anode groups, respectively, the second mine, and the switching unit. 4 „Frequency converter in gdt. 1 or 2 differing in that 4i-os in order to reduce the installed power of the communal block party power unit, the current leveling unit is made of two identical two-frame chokes with closed ferromagnetic cores, the primary e-windings of which are interconnected by their beginnings, and the secondary ones - at their ends, additional terminals for connecting the commu- q q Q five The test was carried out on a 5-core, and the terminals of the ends of the primary CWP of the secondary windings were connected to the DC outputs of the first and second bridges from the OIL of the switching unit. 5. Frequency converter according to Clause 1, characterized in that that the mode setting unit (BZR) of its operation has separate inputs connected to the transducer outputs, the signals L 1 ,, dl,, / 3U, L Up exceeding the specified values are formed on the KL and contain the logical elements OR NOT, OR, ZI, 2I, which are connected by inputs and outputs to the corresponding inputs and outputs of a BZR, the first ZILI element, connected by inputs to the outputs of the signal converters from DT19 DT15 DT3, has a direct output connected to the input of the second element 2IL, the output of which forms the signal output Et and the second output is NOT connected to the first input coupler and 2I, 2or-NO element, whose inputs are connected to said zhodam Ezr connected to the outputs of the transducers, in which signals are formed L U 4Un, while the output - to the second input of the second element 2 or ,. the second input of the ZI element is connected to the input of the AUn signal, and its output forms the output of the PDg signal, the third input of the ZI element is connected to the output of the 2I element, which is also the output of the Uc signal, and its second input is connected to the input of the 3U | t signal. 6. Frequency converter Clause 1, characterized in that the signal conditioners of the FSGS groups, (i), FSGK (1) 1 including anode-cathode OPV groups connected to the i-th PV, are made using the output element 2I, one of the inputs of which is connected to the corresponding exit RI, and the other - to the exit ele. dream 2IL, one of the inputs of which is the fourth permissive input FSH (1) and), and the other is connected to the output of element 2 OR-NOT, whose inputs are prohibiting entrances. 7. Converter frequency pop. 1, characterized in that the logical node of triggering drivers of shapers (GRA), including OIL and VUV, made in the form of a node enabling the inclusion of additional gates (HPH), having four inputs and one output, forming the output signal q (i), qK (i), respectively, of the pulse distributor to turn on additional (RID) switching unit gates having two inputs and two pairs of outputs, which form the first two pairs of outputs of the Mill (1), Mill (1), and the connection node of the switching capacitor PKKv (1),) having four inputs and four outputs, which are respectively from the fifth to the eighth outputs of the plant, while the RVD contains the elements NOT the input of which is connected to the input of the MIF and to which the signal I is fed, and the output to the input of the first element 2I, to the second input of which the signal f is fed from the corresponding PCF generator, and the output connected to the output of the element 2IL, the second input of which is connected to the corresponding output A DNA signal converter that generates a / 3UK signal of a given polarity, and the output is connected to the input of output element 2I, the second input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding DP (it Ji RVD contains two amplifiers HW .11 I II ar TSNNSHM. . .... U№ U UiiibiU Vu V Sbsjft fUtf. l -former with two separate outputs, forming a pair of output pins, the only input of the first is connected to the output; RVD, the first input of the second, which is also a 2I element, is connected to the input of the first amplifier of the imaging device, and its second input is connected to the input The Mill, connected to the output of the ECT BZR signal, the PAC contains an amplifier-driver with three separate outputs, which are the subsequent outputs of the Mill, with the input element 2IL, one of the inputs of which is connected to the output of the first input element 2I, one in the stroke of which is connected to the input connected to the output of the IMS BZR signal, and the second to the output of the corresponding CBC generator, the second input element 2I has two outputs, one of which is connected to the second input of the shaping amplifier with three outputs, and the other is the eighth output ZIF, and the inputs of this element are connected: the first - to the input connected to the output of the signal BZR, and the second - to the input of the shaper ZVG corresponding OPV group. and. .J, T- ,,.  n pt || w flBbfllt Ysh FSH.Z at "t i8l a | "Th at l J 3 $ $ l a  t en - about CO  a  t 4 $, ° g Ü Uts fo about 5gpf J, ЗС.11Ц1 1- & W I a & & & $ 9 I s 9 Ј g i about. f j / d «g / i« Ј ff; -JSJ .JV. 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