SU1579624A1 - Die for cold forging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to industrial equipment for the manufacture of cold-die forging of conical hollow parts with a central opening of the nozzle type of plasma torches. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing the products, increasing the reliability and durability of the tool by reducing the loads and friction forces acting on it in the punch direction elements when the deforming tool deviates from the coaxial position. The stamp consists of an upper plate connected to the holder, to which the punch is attached, a lower plate on which the stamping matrix, ejecting means and directional elements are supported through the intermediate plate and the base plate. Inside the punch and die, the punch punch and the hollow tip with a calibrated hole for the punch punch are mounted concentrically, respectively, moving along the die axis. The intermediate plate has a convex spherical surface, by which it is movably connected with a binder, which has a response spherical recess on the lower elastic element through the thrust rolling bearing. Between the upper plate and the clip is placed the upper elastic element, the rigidity of which is greater than the rigidity of the lower elastic element. The directional elements in the form of guide columns and bushings are mounted respectively on the bolster and the cage. Due to this, during the molding of the product, as well as during the idle strokes of the press ram up and down, coaxiality of the deforming tools and compensation of the skew of the upper die plate relative to the lower one are provided. 7 il.

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to industrial equipment for the manufacture of cold-die forging of conical hollow parts with a central opening of the nozzle type of plasma torches.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity of manufacturing products, improving the reliability and durability of the tool.

due to the reduction of the loads and friction forces acting on it in the punch direction elements when the deforming tool deviates from the coaxial position. FIG. 1 shows a stamp, section; in fig. 2 — in A and FIG. one; in fig. 3 — punch and die attachment points to die parts; in fig. 4-7 - elements of the stamp in different parts of its course.

The stamp contains the top plate 1 with the holder 2 mounted on it by means of strips 3 attached to the holder with screws A. On the holder there is a punch holder 5 through the gasket 6 with screws 7 and pins 9. In the punch holder there is a punch 9 which is concentric placed punch punch 10 connected by a rod 11 with a nut 12 with the top plate 1. Between the top plate 1 and the sleeve 2 is placed the upper elastic element 13, for example, polyurethane, the volume of which, when fully compressed, is equal to the volume of the cavity under the elastic the element in the holder 2, which is bounded by the lower plane of the upper plate 1 at the time of the completion of the punching of the central hole in the part. In this case, the force Pi of preliminary compression of the upper elastic element is chosen equal to the technological force Rf. Of the volumetric molding of the conical surface of the part, and the final force Pa of this elastic element is equal to the force Rk of the part calibration, commensurate with the nominal force of the pressing equipment. The compression value of the PV of the upper elastic element is equal to the depth of the central hole punched in the part.

The sleeves 2 are fitted with guide sleeves 14, which together with the guide columns 15, pressed into the intermediate plate 16, form the stamp direction elements. The intermediate plate 16 has a bore under the matrix 17 in the center, which is connected to the intermediate plate with screws 18. Concentric to the matrix 17, a hollow tip 19 is installed with a calibrated hole under the piercing punch 10. Hollow tip 19 is connected by an intermediate element 20 to a hollow pusher 21, at the lower end of which mounted screw 22 with a spherical head. The end of this screw is beveled at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the pusher, in the wall of which a window is made, conjugated with the bevel of screw 22, necessary to remove waste when punching a hole in the product by means of a piercing punch 10. With a spherical head of screw 22 is connected by means of a pin 23 the supporting element 24 with a deaf cavity, the bottom part of which is made conical, whereby the supporting element 24 is mounted to rotate relative to the screw 22. The supporting element 24 interacts with an ejector of any type (not shown) mounted th in the press table.

On the lower surface of the intermediate plate 16 there is a central spherical protrusion;

the underlay plate 25 (bushing) is made a recess responsive to the spherical protrusion of the intermediate plate 16. Indicator 25 with its lower plane rests on

a rolling thrust bearing consisting of balls 26, a separator 27 and a ring 28 and located on the lower elastic element 29. The latter is placed in an annular cavity made in a fixed lower

0 plate 30. Four brackets 31 are mounted on the edges of the bottom plate with screws 32. Each bracket in its upper part has a bar 34 fixed by screws 33. The brackets allow the intermediate plate 16 to move upward from the influence of the lower elastic element 29. contact of the intermediate plate 16c with the surface of the slats 34 on the plate are placed of a pad 35 of an elastic material to soften its impact on the slat 34 during the return stroke of the press slide. The movement of the intermediate plate 16 in the horizontal plane is limited by four adjustable lugs 36, which are positioned relative to the side surface of the intermediate plate with a gap of 1-2 mm before punching, and when transporting the punch are pressed tightly to the lateral surface.

The lower elastic element 29, as well as the upper elastic element 13, is made, for example, of polyurethane. The stiffness of the lower elastic element must be

5 is less than the rigidity of the upper, and the force Pz of preliminary compression of the lower elastic element is equal to the sum of the weights of the movable parts of the press and the movable parts of the stamp, and the force P4 of its final compression is taken equal to the technological force of the part to be molded and does not exceed the force allowed by the contact strength of the surface of the subframe 25 and balls 26. The amount of compression of the lower elastic

5 element is equal to the height of the molded product minus the thickness of its bottom, i.e. the amount of movement of the punch 9 from the moment of its contact with the flat workpiece to the end of the molding of the conical

0 products.

On the upper surface of the die 18, a groove 37 is made with bevels to facilitate the laying of the slab (Figure 2). Grooves 38 are made on the top and bottom plates

5 under the fastening elements of the plates, respectively, to the slide and the press table.

Punch punch 10 is connected to the rod 11 by means of a threaded sleeve 39 through a heat-treated gasket 40 (FIG. 3). Hollow tip 19 is similar

fixed in the intermediate element 20 by means of a threaded sleeve 41 and a heat-treated washer 42.

The intermediate element 20 and the rod 11 are arranged to move along the axis of pressure in the cavities made respectively in the matrix 17 and the intermediate plate 16, as well as in the punch 9. Radial channels 43 are in communication with the atmosphere of the said cavities in the matrix 17 and punch 9.

The stamp works as follows.

Install a flat round billet 44 in the groove of the matrix 18 and lower the slide of the press. At the first moment of punching, the piercing punch 10 with its sharpened end is inserted at a small depth into the workpiece 44 and centers it. Then the shaping of the conical nozzle begins and at the same time the automatic adjustment of the coaxial position of the matrix 17 and the punch 9 relative to each other. When the slider is skewed relative to the press table, due to the installation of the element 14 and 15 of the direction on the holder 2 and the intermediate plate 16, the matrix 17 together with the intermediate plate 16 rotates the required angle relative to the binder 25, and also moves in the horizontal plane along the balls 26 relative to the lower plate 30, leaving while being centered with respect to the punch 9. Since the forming force is less than the force P1 of the pre-compression of the upper elastic element 13, the latter does not compress and when forming both the punch 9 and 10 are combined but moved down.

During the molding of the product, the lower elastic element 29 is compressed and the intermediate plate 16, the support 25, the elastic rolling bearing are lowered and, thus, the product is molded over time, which contributes to the ductility of the deformable material and, consequently, the quality of the product , At the time of the contact of the bolster 25 with the bottom plate 30, the thrust rolling bearing is fully embedded in the annular cavity of the bottom plate, and the lower elastic element 29 above it is compressed with a force P4. equal to the technological force of the Russian Federation molding products, which usually does not exceed 10% of the nominal effort of the press.

Thus, ensuring the coaxiality of the dies and punches, as well as compensating for the distortions of the upper die plate relative to the lower one, occurs mainly during the idle run of the press ram down.

and in the first stage of forming the product with a force on the slider not exceeding 10% of the nominal load, which significantly reduces the frictional forces on the spherical surfaces of the intermediate plate 16 and the submouth 25, as well as between the bottom surface of the subframe and the thrust rolling bearing.

With further lowering the slider

0 press punch 9 and holder 2, upper plate 1 and punch punch 10 continue to move downwards. The force acting on the upper elastic element 13 will exceed the force of the molding of Russia, and it will be compressed by the value of hB. When this punch punch 10 comes out of the punch 9 and punches the Central hole in the nozzle, leaving the jumper, the thickness of which is equal to the allowance for calibration.

0 Then, after the upper elastic element 13 completely occupies the volume of the cavity in the holder 2, it will transfer all the force developed by the press to the punch 9, which begins to carry out the final product calibration process, in which the part thickness decreases, and the piercing punch 10 will complete the through punching of the central hole, by pushing the waste into the hollow tip 19,

0 At the intermediate and final stages of punching, there is no need for additional provision of coaxiality of the punch 9 and the die 17, since it was achieved at the initial stage of forming,

5, the punch stroke during hole punching and calibration is small compared to molding, and the coaxiality of the piercing punch 10 and the hollow tip 19 is ensured by sufficiently accurate manufacturing of the holes in the punch 9 and the die 17.

At the very beginning of the return stroke of the press slide, the upper elastic element 13 is released, which ensures the extraction of the penetration punch 10 from the opening

5 products.

With further raising of the slider, the coaxiality of the punch 9 and the matrix 17 is ensured, and the 1 offset of the upper and lower plates is equal to that described at the initial stage of punching.

In the final stage of the return stroke of the press slide, the press pusher through the extrusion ejector means pushes the finished part out of the matrix 17. In this case, the support element 24 provides a movable connection between the press ejector and the hollow pusher 21 of the punch, allowing the latter to warp and displace horizontally relative to the press ejector together with the hollow tip 19. After stopping the press ram in the upper position, the stamping cycle for the part in one stroke of the press is completed.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Stamp for cold forging of hollow conical parts, mainly plasma nozzle nozzles, including a punch mounted on a movable upper plate by means of a clip, a fixed lower plate with a matrix mounted on it by means of an intermediate plate and a coaxial matrix of ejection placed in central holes the lower and intermediate plates, as well as the elements of the direction of the punch relative to the die, characterized in that, in order to reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing parts with The central hole, increasing reliability and durability by reducing the loads on the tool and the directional elements when deviating from the coaxial position of the deforming tool, is equipped with a backing plate, punching punch, upper and lower elastic elements, and thrust rolling bearing, the flush plate is made in the form of a stopper with a central spherical recess and a central through-hole for the ejection means and mounted between the bottom and intermediate plates, the latter being Flax with a central spherical protrusion with the surface, the counter surface of the spherical recess of the base plate. the intermediate and backing plates are mounted on the bottom plate with the possibility of limited joint movement along the bottom plate and pressure axis; the ejection means is made in the form of a hollow tip with a calibrated hole at the end under the piercing punch connected to the tip by means of an intermediate element of the hollow pusher with a screw with a spherical head opposite to the intermediate element and a supporting element with a hollow cavity, bottom the part of which, which is made conical, is in contact with the spherical head of a screw of a hollow pusher, the holder with a punch is mounted on the upper plate with the possibility of limited moving along the pressure axis, the bottom plate is made with a concentric central hole with a bore on the side of the base plate, the upper elastic element is placed between the clip and the upper plate, the lower elastic element is annular and placed in the specified annular bore of the lower plate, the thrust bearing is located on the lower thrust element and with its rolling elements facing the supporting plane of the base plate, the punch punch is rigidly mounted on the top plate, the punch direction elements are relative However, the dies are placed on the holder and the intermediate plate, the tip of the ejection means is installed in the bottom part of the matrix, and the intermediate element is located in the matrix and the intermediate plate in the corresponding central holes without a gap, the hollow plunger is located with a radial clearance in the central holes of the bottom, back plate and intermediate plates, the stiffness of the upper thrust element exceeds the stiffness of the lower, and the supporting surface of the backing plate is located with a gap relative to the plane of the lower plate facing it. eleven 1-W ////// A l zo / 20 29 7J FIG L 77 15 34 OMZ 29 Rig.L FIG. five at Rig. $ F