SU1559419A1 - Device for transmission and reception of telegrams - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to radio engineering. The device contains a synchronization unit 1, a display and signaling unit 4, a distributor 5, operator consoles 6, an encoder 7, a mode setting unit 8, operational storage units 9, 18 and 19, a registration unit 10, a signal analyzer 11, a program unit 12, character units outputting 13 and entering information, information compaction unit 14, character receiving units 15 and transmitting information 16, permanent storage unit 20, converters 21-24 codes, control unit 25, communication channel matching unit 26 and cycle synchronizer 27. The invention provides operation of the device as a dynamic system with an infinite memory capacity, which allows an increase in the number of transmitted and received telegrams. The device performs six process steps: entering telegraph messages from a telegraph apparatus (TA) 29

message transfer to the communication channel

receiving information from the communication channel

information output on TA 28

logging

print journal entries. 1 il.

Description

(21) 4436699 / 24-09

(22) 06.06.88

(46) 23.04.90. Bul K 15

(72) E.E.Dvorskny, V.A.Kaustov, V.I. "Korol, B.V.Korop, V.S.Pogorelovt V.M.Polischuk, I.L.Tarnopolsky and Ya.IoToroshanko

(53) 621.394.6 (088 „8)

(56) Patent of the People’s Republic of Hungary No. 178267, class H 04 L 13/10, 1983.

(54) DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING TELEGRAMS

(57) The invention relates to radio engineering. The device contains a synchronization Christmas tree 1, the display unit 4

and signaling, distributor 5, operator panels 6, encoder 7, mode setting unit 8, operational storage units 9, 18 and 19, recording unit 10, signal analyzer 11, program unit 12, character output block 13 and information input 17, unit 14 information compilation, character receiving units 15 and transmitting information 16, permanent storage unit 20, converters 21-24 codes, control unit 25, communication channel matching unit 26 and cycle clock controller 27. The invention provides operation of the device as a dynamic system with an infinite memory capacity, which allows an increase in the number of transmitted and received telegrams. The device performs six process steps: entering telegraph messages from a telegraph apparatus (TA) 29; sending messages to the communication channel} receiving information from the communication channel; information output on TA 28; generation of journal entries; print journal entries. 1 il.

one

(L

sd ate

J

four

WITH

Channel 8

31

The invention relates to radio engineering and can be used as a terminal telegraph equipment for interaction with the telegraph switching centers reported (CCS-T) on non-switched two-way telegraph channels.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the number of transmitted and received telegrams.

The drawing shows a structural electrical circuit of the proposed device.

The device for transmitting and receiving telegrams contains a synchronization unit 1 consisting of a divider 2 frequencies and a generator of 3 pulses, a display and signaling unit 4, a distributor 5, consoles 6. —6 operators, an encoder 7, an installation unit 8 of the modes, the first operative storage unit 9, registration unit 10, analyzer And signals, program block 12, unit 13 for character information output, block 14 for compiling information, unit 15 for character receiving information, block 16 for character transfer of information, blocks 171 - I 7 for character input of information Tue 18 and third 19 operational storage units, permanent storage unit 20, main code converter 21, additional converters 22–241–24 and code, control block 25, channel matching module 26, clock 27 cycles, also shown telegraph devices 28 and 29, - 29h.

The device works as follows.

The 3-pulse generator of the synchronization unit 1 generates pulse sequences with the follow-up frequencies of 3200, 1600 and 800 Hz, which are used to synchronize the main converter of the 21 code and additional converters 22 - 24, - 24П code (for adjusting them at operating speeds of 200, 100 or 50 baud).

The divider 2 of the frequency of the synchronization unit 1 serves to reduce the pulse frequency to such a value that the pulse period at its output is equal to or slightly less than the transmission or reception time of one character (symbol) of the fastest source or

0

five

four

5 Q

five

0

0

19. 4

the receiver of information connected to the telegraph apparatus 28 and 29 is 29 ". The pulse period at the output of the splitter 2 frequency is equal to the cycle time of the device TC,

The timing clock 27 distributes the cycle time Tc between blocks 13, 15, 16, 171-17, information compaction unit 14, distributor 5 and mode setting unit 8.

The valve 5 sequentially scans the corresponding flags in the first operative storage unit (RAM) 9. If a flag is set to one, the valve 5 reads the information from the corresponding zone of the first RAM 9 and writes it to the register of the corresponding row in block 4.

The first operator panel 6 is a dial-up field of ten buttons on the initial state. The output contacts of the buttons are at zero potential. When you press any of the buttons, its output contact acquires the potential of a logical unit. Some buttons of this remote are multi-functional.

The encoder 7 is designed to convert the spatial unitary code of the pressed button of any remote control 61-6 p operator into a parallel binary code.

Block 8 polls the encoder 7, analyzes the sequence of pressing and the number of button presses up to this point and installs the corresponding flags in the first RAM 9o

The first RAM 9 serves to store the journal records of the transmitted and received telegrams, to store the information displayed in block 5, and to store all kinds of flags, with which the various units of the device exchange the control service information with each other.

Block I0 of registration (documentation) is used to automatically generate journal entries received from the communication channel and telegrams transmitted to the communication channel, pack these records into pages of standard sizes and automatically print the journal entry page when it is filled and force

515

partial printing of an incomplete page at the operator’s command.

The symbol information output unit 13 carries out in each operation cycle of the device T the output from the second RAM 18 to the telegraph apparatus 28 of one telegram symbol (sign), receipt of its delivery, reception log or transfer log. Unit 14 performs compaction (tamping) of information in the informational second 18 and third 19 RAM, searches in the second RAM 18 for telegrams for output to the telegraph unit 28, and in the third RAM 19 searches for telegrams for transmission to communication channels.

The symbol information receiving unit 15, in each operation cycle of the device, receives from the communication channel through the main code converter 21 and records in the second RAM 18 one symbol (sign) of a telegram, service notice or non-formalized text.

In each cycle of operation of the device Tz, the unit 16 for the symbolic transfer of information transfers one symbol (sign) of the telegram, codogram or service message to the communication channel through the additional code converter 23 and the communication channel matching unit 26.

The symbol input block 17 carries out in each cycle of operation of the Tz device one character input (sign) of the telegram, the service message or directive from the telegraph device 291 through an additional code converter 24 to the third RAM 19, as well as a print on the telegraph device 29, one character entered telegrams, service message, directive, service notice and non-formalized text received by block 16 in the second RAM 18, as well as codograms transmitted to the communication channel by block 16.

Other blocks 17 - 17P of character information input are used to output only telegrams, the algorithm of their work is simpler than the algorithm of operation of block 17 and is only a part of it, which concerns the input of telegrams.

The control unit 25 carries out the switching on and off of the telegraph units 28 and 29n - 29n according to commands from the chroniser for 27 cycles.

0

five

0

five

41

0

five

0

five

0

five

9

The communication channel matching unit 26 is a large-scale unit that converts signals with TTL logic levels into signals received in a telegraph communication channel.

The device performs six technological operations: input (preparation) of telegraph messages (telegrams, reports, directives) into the third RAM 19 from the keyboard of the telegraph device 291 and input of telegrams from other telegraph devices 29 g 29 h of input (text text of the telegram can also be entered from punched tape - during the transit transmission of telegrams);

the transfer of telegraph messages — telegrams or codograms — respectively from the third RAM I9 or from the persistent storage unit 20 to the communication channel;

receiving telegraph messages (telegrams, service announcements, unformalized text) from the communication channel and storing them in the second RAM 18;

generating logs of transmitted or received telegrams in the third RAM 19;

telegram output (in the same block with a receipt for handing it to the addressee), as well as output of the pages of the logs of the sent or received telegrams to the telegraph unit 28 :,

printing of input telegrams on rolls of paper tape of telegraph devices 29t - 29fl; in addition, on telegraph device 29, the reports entered from it and directives, service notices (i.e., control commands from the CCS-T) received from the channel communication in the second RAM 18, the unformalized text, rn, messages received from the communication channel, which are not identified either as telegrams or as service notifications, as well as codograms transmitted to the communication channel.

When entering telegraph messages from the telegraph apparatus 29., pressing the corresponding button on the operator’s console 6 (consoles 6, -6h of operators are located near the corresponding telegraph devices .9i-29p), the operator of the first telegraph apparatus 29 switches the device to the telegram input mode. To enter the telegram, you need to press the H button (the beginning) on the same remote control 6.

The algorithm is implemented by block 17 for a large number of TC cycles. A character input of the telegram text from the keyboard of the telegraph device 29 is performed by pressing a key on the telegraph device 29, a serial code is sent to the additional code converter 24

 the character that is stored in the receive register. Next, ana block 17 (monitors the readiness of the additional converter 24, code. If it is not ready, the algorithm ends (in danch 29).

was not pressed). If a

In device 1, an additional converter 241 of the code is ready, block 17 reads a character from the register and writes it to the desired address in the third RAM 19, then reads this character from the third RAM 19 and writes it in parallel with the register of the additional converter 24 of the code. Further, a character from it is transmitted by a serial code to a telegraph unit 29, and printed out on a paper tape. The so-called echo printing allows the operator (the telegraph operator of the input apparatus to visually monitor the operation of several units and paths of the device. For this reason, telegraph devices 291-29p are duplexed with their additional 241-to-converter code, and those in turn, two-way communication with the I7f and 17P blocks.

After writing the character to the third RAM 19 and printing it on the telegraph, unit 29 along the echo printing chain, the algorithm analyzes the input end flag (set to one when you press the K button (end) on the operator panel 6). If the K button is not pressed, the operation of the algorithm in this cycle TC ends, and in the next cycle this algorithm will again start to run 1 from the beginning. If the K button is pressed, then block 17, proceeds to the next step (step) of the algorithm. After entering the constant part of the beginning of the telegram, the preheader, the service header, the text of the telegram

grams and pressing the K button on the operator’s console 6 analyzes the flag for the presence of an error in the telegram format (set in the third RAM 19 by the analyzer 11 during character input from the telegraph device 29). If there is an error, the entered message is canceled. If there is no error, it is entered into the third RAM 19 constant part of the end of the telegram (sign of the end of HHHH, the current time of the end of the input, the sequence number of the input telegram, the telegraph number 29., - 29 from which the telegram was entered) In the passport of this telegram, the end of input flag is set, which means that the telegram can be transmitted to the communication channel.

five

five

Telegrams from other telegraph devices 291 to 29p are input in the same way.

When sending messages to a communication channel, which begins with an analysis of the flag on the availability of information for transmission to the communication channel (this information can be a telegram or service information - a codogram), a telegram searches for the telegram in the third RAM 19 for transmission to the communication channel 14, for which he views all the telegrams entered in the third RAM 19 and selects a telegram with the highest urgency category (with equal urgency categories, the telegram with the lowest input number is selected). When a telegram for block transmission is detected 14 sets the telegram presence flag in the first RAM 9, for sending one of the codograms to the channel sets the flag in the first RAM 9 block 8 when pressing the corresponding buttons on the operator’s panel 61, and the start and end addresses of the cogram are also recorded in the first RAM 9 located in the permanent storage unit 20).

When a message presence flag is detected for transmission to the communication channel, unit 16 identifies this message (this is a telegram or a codogram) and loads into the appropriate registers (general purpose registers of the microprocessor) the original data of this message (initial and final

915

address). Next, an analysis is made of the readiness of the additional code converter 23. If it is ready, block 16 reads one character (character) from the third RAM 19 (if it is a telegram) or from the persistent storage unit 20 (if it is a codogram) and writes it in parallel code to the register of the additional code converter 23, the last code transmits it through block 26 to the communication channel. Block 16 compares the current address of the transmitted symbol with the final address0. If these addresses are not equal, then the counter in block 16 is incremented by one and in this cycle T block 16 finishes its work. In the next cycle, the work of block 16 is stopped, the next link symbol, etc. If the current address of the transmitted symbol becomes equal to the final address, in the case of telegram transmission, block 16 sends the corresponding signal to registration block 10 and the latter increments the counter of transmitted telegrams by one and makes the next entry in the log of transmitted telegrams. This completes the operation of block 16 in the transmission of the telegraph message. When transmitting a codogram to a communication channel, block 17 through an additional converter 24. The code prints this codogram on a telegraph unit 29 (,

When receiving information from the communication channel, the information coming in by the serial code from the communication channel passes through block 26 and is accumulated in the register of the main code converter 21. In each cycle of operation of the device, the clock 27 cycles includes a block 15, which at the beginning of the work analyzes the readiness of the main converter 21 of the code. If it is ready (i.e., “received one character from the communication channel in its register), then block 15 reads from it the information symbol code (parallel code) and writes it to a specific address in the second RAM 18 and increments the current one address of the entry. Thereafter, an analysis of the flags for the presence of the sign of the beginning of the message (PNS) and the sign of the end of the message (PKS) is performed. If even one of these signs is not yet

nineteen

ten

five

Q 0 5 o

about d

0

five

n t from the communication channel, the operation of block 15 in this cycle is terminated. If both of these features have already been received from the communication channel, block 15 identifies the received message: if it is a telegram, it analyzes the flag about the presence of an error, which is set in the first RAM 9 by the analyzer 11 in the process of receiving the message. If an error is detected, the connection is closed, and if an error is not detected, block 15 sends a signal to registration block 10, which increments the counter of received telegrams by one unit and produces a sequential entry in the log of received telegrams. If block 15 identified the received message as a service notice, then in the first RAM 9 it sets the corresponding flag and finishes its work0 According to the flag set, the dispenser 5 in its work cycle will display the text of the received service notice on the corresponding lines of block 4, and block 17 will print this text on the telegraph device 291.

Telegraph 28 may display a telegram in one block with a receipt for its delivery or a journal page of received or transmitted telegrams. The request for telegram output exposes block G4 (one of its subroutines searches for the received telegram in the second RAM 18 and if present in the first RAM 9 sets the flag and, in its corresponding memory cells, writes the details of this telegram - the initial and final addresses). The requirement to output a log page (reception or transmission) is performed by the registration unit 10 automatically when 120 log entries (i.e., one A4 page) are accumulated in the first RAM 9, or an operator by pressing a special button on the operator panel 6.

Clock 13 starts the output operation with the analysis of the flag Details loaded. At the initial entry into the algorithm, this flag is not set, therefore the analysis of the flags Display telegram and Journal output is performed. If one of these flags is set, the telegram or journal details are loaded and the Requisites flag is set (in the following cycles until the end of the telegram or journal output to bypass the initial part of the algorithm). The actual output of information begins with an analysis of the readiness of the additional converter 22 of the code. If it is not ready, it means there will be no print of a character in this cycle, and block 13 finishes its work. If it is ready, block 13 sends to the register of the additional code converter 22, a parallel code, a telegram symbol code read by it from the second RAM 18. Additional, the code converter 22, in turn, transmits this symbol to the telegraph unit 28, Next, block 13 analyzes current and final output addresses. If the addresses are not equal, then the current output address is incremented by one and ends. If the current and final output addresses are equal and the telegram is output, the Output Receipt flag is set, and the algorithm ends. In the next cycle, the output of the receipt begins. After the withdrawal of the receipt or journal, the flags Output journal and requisites are loaded. Unit 13 is ready for the next telegram to be output.

In the logging mode, operation of block 10 is initiated by block 16 of character information transfer. At the beginning of block 10 operation, the contents of the transferred telegrams counter (not shown) are analyzed. If the number 120 is recorded in it, this means that exactly 9 log files have accumulated in the first RAM. one page of A 4 format, therefore the Log full flag is set, then the next journal entry of the transmitted telegram is made and the counter of the transmitted telegrams increases by one. ,

Logging of received telegrams is generated using a similar algorithm.

The printing of journal entries is carried out jointly by the registration unit 10 and the unit of character output 13 of information. The start of operation begins with the analysis of the flag Output the log, which is set in the first RAM 9 by block 8 when the operator presses the corresponding button on the remote control 6, the operator.

0 5 0

about 5

j

five

five

this flag is not set, the full log flag is analyzed, set by the registration unit 10 when generating log entries. If none of these flags is set, the operation algorithm ends. If one of the flags is set, then the log is output: output of the constant part of the beginning of the log, output of the actual journal entries (variable part of the log), output of the constant part of the end of the log. This output is produced in a large number of device operation cycles.

Unit 14 searches for telegrams in the first RAM 9 for transmission to the communication channel and in the second RAM 18 for printing, as well as information compression in them.

The organization of records in the second 18 and third 19 RAM is carried out as follows. Each telegraph message (telegram, official notice, report) may have an arbitrary number of characters. For optimal use of their capacity, these messages are recorded one after another without empty spaces. At the same time, neither the beginning nor the end of the message can be determined. For convenience. to find the desired telegraph message, each of them has a syllable formula p in which the necessary details are recorded: telegram status - entered, entered, interrupted, defective, transmitted, transmitted, its input number, transmission number (for transmitted telegrams)., category telegram urgency, telegram processing category, start address and end address of the actual telegram in the first RAM 9 and other data (all this for telegrams intended for transmission to the communication channel, similar information contains received telegrams). To store the telegram details, a specific area is allocated in the second 18 and third 19 RAMs, called the area of requisite storage devices (the area of the ROMs). One formula is stored in one memory of a certain capacity (for example, 32 bytes). The rest of the second 18 and third 19 RAM stores the actual telegram.

The transfer of information to the communication channel from the third RAM 19 is performed by Blo-1.

com 16, and the order (sequence) of the telegram transmission is determined by the order of their input (by serial number by input), as well as by the urgency category. If a telegram has an input number greater than the ones in front of it, but has a higher urgency category, then it will be transmitted earlier than those in front of it. As the third RAM is filled with 19 new telegrams, it may overflow and have no place to enter new telegrams. The way out of this situation is to erase the transmitted telegrams. At the same time, it has a lot of empty space, but unfortunately it will be scattered all over the third RAM 1 9 in the form of separate empty windows (windows) and its empty space.

In order to use the new telegram, since it is possible to wipe the not yet transmitted data. In order to use the vacant space in the third RAM 19, it is necessary to perform compression, t, e0 a kind of tamping of the remaining information, namely, to move the remaining telegrams to its beginning one after another without gaps. Then the entire window is shifted beyond the last telegram, where a free zone is formed for recording new telegrams.

The compaction unit 14 does not operate in real time, therefore, the development of the compaction algorithm may be interrupted in this cycle and continue in other cycles.

Work begins with calculating the free zone size (from the last entry to the end of the third RAM 19). If the free zone is greater than some received threshold, then no compaction is required and this sub-block finishes working. If the free zone is less than the threshold, the details are displayed. Memory (RDU) and the search for transmitted telegrams. If there are no telegrams transmitted, the Input overflow flag is written in the first RAM 9, on the basis of which the next cycle will show on the corresponding line of block 4 The input is closed and, in addition, the keyboard on telegraph devices will be blocked 291 - 29 "If the transmitted telegrams are present, One of them is erased, namely the telegram with the smallest transmission number. Next, erasing is performed.

The flags are compacted in the memory in the memory as well as the download of the Aper forwarding address (A is initially loaded with the initial address of the telegram memory). After this, the number of 19 telegrams available in the third RAM is counted and entered into the SCTAG telegram counter. A telegram is then searched for with the smallest starting address of AN gdg.

If this address is equal to the forwarding address And the first, it means that this telegram takes the first place in the third RAM 19, two. recorded from the start address of the telegram memory, and it is not necessary to send it anywhere0 In this case, the Packed flag is set in the corresponding OTD byte of this telegram, the end address of this telegram A is retrieved by one and recorded as the Aoer transfer address, and the counter is also reduced by one telegram numbers. If the contents of the counter are not zero, the cycle is returned - the telegram with the smallest starting address is searched (only those that do not have the Packed flag in the FEM) are sent to the new telegram, and so on. In the result of such an action, all the telegrams available in the third RAM 19 will be shifted to its beginning, and after the last one there will be a free zone in which new telegrams can be recorded. When all telegrams are moved (account 0), the flags are compacted and the sub-block finishes its work. Despite the fact that the compaction process is connected with the movement of large data arrays (tens of kilobytes), it takes place rather quickly (literally several cycles ), since all shipments are made at electronic speed, i.e., at the speed of the electronic circuits of which the sealing unit is built.

Due to the presence of block 14, the operational properties of the device are significantly improved and its productivity is increased. Without this block, the second 18 and third 19 RAMs would often overflow and the device would go through frequent stops in order to fully transfer (or output) information from them, i.e. completely clean them and then

to start a new filling cycle. With a good device and if the communication with the MSC-T device is not closed, the device — its transmitting and receiving path — works as a dynamic system with an infinite memory capacity, since information from telegraph devices 29 is entered into the third RAM 19, immediately transmitted to the communication channel. Since, when transmitting telegrams to the communication channel, they are not wiped out in the third RAM 19, RAM may overflow, but block 14 will erase the outdated transmitted telegram (with the smallest transmission number), will compact the remaining information information, and thus free up space for entering new information, etc. The same applies to the receiving path: the received telegrams are output to the output apparatus, when the second RAM 18 overflows, one telegram with the lowest output number is wiped in it, the information left is condensed, and so on.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for transmitting and receiving telegrams, comprising a control unit that is connected to telegraph devices, a software unit, a synchronization unit, a display and signaling unit and serially connected matching unit with a communication channel, a main code converter and a signal analyzer, the second input and output of which are connected correspondingly with the output of the program block and with the first input of the display and signaling unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the number of transmitted and received telegrams, cycle synchronizer, three operational storage blocks, character input unit, distributor, character output unit, permanent storage unit, character transfer unit, information compacting unit, information character receiving unit, additional code converters, encoder, mode setting unit, block registrations and operator consoles whose outputs are connected to the signal inputs of the encoder; the synchronization input and the output of which Q 0 5 0 0 five connected to the second input of the display and signaling unit, the output of the distributor is connected to the third input, and to the input of the mode setting unit, which is connected to the cycle clock, to the synchronization input of which one output of the synchronization unit is connected, the other output of which is connected to the second input of the unit display and signaling, with the synchronization input of one additional code converter, to the signal input of which the output of the unit by character output information block is connected, with The synchronization input of the main code converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the character-by-character block, with the synchronization input of another additional code converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the matching unit with the communication channel, and the synchronization inputs of the corresponding additional code converters that are connected to the same telegraph devices and with the corresponding character input blocks, which are connected to the first operational storage unit, to one The input of which is connected to the output of the mode setting unit, and with a signal analyzer whose output is under the keys to another input of the first operational storage unit that is connected to the registration unit, to the signal inputs of which one output of the character data transfer unit and the character input unit is connected, a symbol-by-symbol output unit, to the input of which the output of the registration unit is connected, with an information compression unit, which is connected to the second and third operational storage locks, with a character-by-character receiving unit, the output of which is connected to one input of a program block, with a character-by-character transfer unit, another output of which is connected to the signal input of another code converter, and with a cycle clock, which is connected to the distributor, to the input of which the output of the first is connected -operative storage unit, with a control unit, with a character output unit, which 17 155941918 connected to the second operative transfer of information and to one input of the commanding unit, with the packing unit — the corresponding unit of character-by-word and information, with the unit; input information, the other input of which is receiving information, which is under-. is connected to the output of the second one, which is connected to the second operational storage unit, the third to the passing unit, with the symbolically-operational storage unit of the connecting information transfer, which is connected to the third operational information storage unit, moreover, the output of one domination unit, and with the posim-JQ blocks of the complementary code for the free input of information, is connected to the signal input of one of which is connected to other inputs of the telegraph unit and the other devices grammnogo unit, wherein the devices connected to vyhodlegrafnye soot- constant storage unit under-sponding additional preob- key to block entry posimvolnoyrazChevatel E code.