SU1548483A1 - Diesel engine combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The diesel combustion chamber is divided into a piston part made in the cylinder head and an additional part made in the piston in the form of a cavity, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the bottom of the piston, the cavity section being narrowed to the bottom of the piston and equipped with a fuel-injection nozzle, the orifice of which is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cavity, characterized in that, in order to improve the process of mixing, the nozzle is placed on the lateral surface of the cylinder, and the cavity at least from Sounki goes to the side surface of the piston. 7 il.

Description

3154

In the whole volume of cavity 2, the efficiency of the combustion process of the fuel is increased. This intensification of the processes of mixture formation and combustion is achieved by the fact that the location of the nozzle in the cylinder cylinder and fuel injection into the cavity 2 of the combustion chamber from the end face allows to increase the maximum extent of free development of the sprayed torch in the combustion chamber the entire volume of cavity 2. Due to the mutually perpendicular direction of movement of the fuel plume and the turbulent air flow, the best coverage of the fuel torch in the stuffy charge.

The cross-section of an additional part of the combustion chamber can be round (Fig. 4). Trapezoidal (Fig. 5), elliptical (Fig. 6), cylindrical with a longitudinal protrusion (Fig. 7).

The combustion chamber works effectively in transient modes of operation of the engine when the injected fuel enters the chamber with a low weight air charge. In this case, the factor of uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber becomes especially important.

Moving the nozzle from the cylinder head to the wall of the cylinder 3 improves the reliability of the head due to the absence of a hole for the nozzle and small bridges between the holes for the valve and the hole for the nozzle, which are subjected to high thermal loads. The absence of the nozzle hole increases the effective flow areas of the intake and exhaust valves, which improves the filling and cleaning of the cylinders, respectively, and this also has a positive effect on the combustion efficiency, smoke and toxicity of the exhaust gases.

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Claims (5)

DIESEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, divided into a supra-piston part, made in the cylinder head, and an additional part, made in the piston in the form of a cavity, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the piston bottom, and the cavity section is tapering to the piston bottom, and equipped with a fuel-spray nozzle, the nozzle of which is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cavity, characterized in that, in order to improve the process of mixing, the nozzle is placed on the side surface of the cylinder, and the cavity at least from the side of the the trunk goes to the side surface of the piston. nadporshnevoy part (not shown), concluded between the bottom of the piston 1 and the cylinder head (not shown), and an additional part placed in the piston in the form of a cavity 2 and equipped with a closed fuel injection nozzle located on the side surface. cylinder 3, with a single-hole spray 4, the opening of which is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cavity. The cavity 2 extends to the side surface of the piston 1. The combustion chamber operates as follows. j Fuel from the atomizer 4 enters the cavity 2 located in the piston. - Due to the organization in the chamber of a more intensive process of mixing the fuel torch with the air charge and the uniform distribution of the topΓν Ж8ИГ ““ Ж 3 1548483 livas in the entire volume of cavity 2 provides an increase in the efficiency of the combustion process' fuel. This intensification of the processes of mixture formation and combustion is achieved by the fact that the location of the nozzle in the cylinder wall and the injection of fuel into the cavity 2 of the combustion chamber from the side of the end allow to maximize the length of the free development of the sprayed torch in the combustion chamber, while ensuring uniform distribution of fuel throughout the cavity 2, Due to the mutually perpendicular 15 direction of movement of the fuel, torch and Turbulent air flow provides the best coverage of the fuel torch ear charge. twenty The cross section of the additional part of the combustion chamber may be circular (FIG. 4), trapezoidal (Fig. 5), ellipse (Fig; 6), cylindrical with a longitudinal protrusion 25 (Fig. 7). The combustion chamber effectively operates in transient engine operation, when the injected fuel enters the chamber with a small weighted air charge. In this case, the factor of uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the entire combustion chamber becomes especially important. Moving the nozzle from the cylinder head to the cylinder wall 3 increases the reliability of the head due to the absence of an opening for the nozzle and small jumpers between the holes for the valve and the hole for the nozzle, which experience high thermal loads. The absence of a hole for the nozzle allows you to increase the effective flow area of the intake and exhaust valves, which improves the filling and cleaning of the cylinders, and this also positively affects the efficiency of fuel combustion, smoke and toxicity of exhaust gases.