SU1548475A1 - Piston-type expansion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to drive vehicles. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and speed of the piston expansion machine. In the housing 1 is placed the piston 2 with the formation of cavities (P) 10, 15 low and high pressures. The crankshaft (B) 3 is connected to the piston 2 and to the timing mechanism housed in the cylindrical housing 12. The mechanism consists of two concentric spools 4, 5 and drives 6, 7 of their movement. The actuator 6 is kinematically rigidly connected to B. 3. The spool 5 is mounted with the possibility of axial movement relative to the spool 4. On the side surface of the spool 4 there are windows 8, 9 communicated respectively with A 10, 15. A piston 11 is associated with B. 3. In the housing 12, inlet and outlet openings 13, 14 are made. In the spool 5, an annular П is made with the possibility of communication with П 15. The actuators 6, 7 are made in the form of a crank mechanism with crankshafts 16, 17 and gears 20, 21. The actuator 6 is kinematically rigidly connected through the transmission of 20 seconds. The drive 7 is associated with Lotników 5 via the transmission 21 and the planetary gear mechanism 22 with epicyclic gear 23 and the lever 24, motion control. The actuator 7 can be made in the form of a helical gear. 1 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to expansion gas machines, and can be used to drive vehicles.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the economy and speed.

Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the expansion machine; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the operation of the gas distribution mechanism; on fig.Z - the drive of the internal spool from the crankshaft through a screw transmission.

The piston expansion machine 1 contains a housing 1 placed in it

piston 2, crankshaft 3, gas distribution mechanism consisting of two concentric spools and 5, actuators 6 and 7 of their movement, windows 8 and 9 on the side surface of the outer spool 4, low pressure cavity 10, additional piston 11, cylindrical body 12 s inlet and outlet ports 13 and 1C of the timing mechanism, high pressure cavity 15, crank mechanisms with crankshafts 16 and 17, and connecting rods 18 and 19, bevel gears 20 and 21, gear planetary gear 22 with epicyclic gears 23 and R chagom 2k control. In addition, the design of the expansion machine may include a screw gear 25 consisting of helical gears 26 and 27, a control lever 28 and a shaft 29.

Piston expansion machine works as follows.

When the piston 2 approaches its top dead center, the outer spool k moves to the left. After the edge A-B of the window 9 of the outer spool k is equal to the edge CD of the inlet 13 of the cylindrical body 12, the working fluid begins to flow from the high-pressure cavity 15 through the window 9 and the inlet 13 into the cavity above the piston 2. The inner valve 5 moves at this in the opposite direction, i.e. to the right. At the moment of meeting the edge F-G of the inner slide 5 with the edge N-K of the window 9 of the outer slide k, the working fluid inlet will stop, i.e. a cutoff will occur. Simultaneously with the described intake process, the working fluid from the cavity above the piston 11 enters through the outlet T

ten

15

the cylindrical body 12 and the window 8 of the outer slide 4 into the cavity 10 of low pressure, i.e. There is a process of release from the cavity above the piston 11. The working processes in the cavities above the pistons 2 and 11 are offset by 180 ° from each other.

After stopping the flow of working fluid into the cavity above the piston 2, the expansion process takes place. The outer spool f, moving to the left, reaches its extreme position and begins to move to the right. After the edge M-II of the window 8 of the outer spool 4 is equal to the edge of the P-S outlet 1C of the cylindrical body 12, the working fluid is released from the cavity above the piston 2 through the outlet 1A and the window 8 into the low pressure cavity 10. The outer spool has reached its extreme right position, will start moving; Left to the left and at the moment when the edge M-N of the window 8 is level with the edge of the P-S outlet 1, the release of the working fluid stops. Simultaneously with the described process, the filling process in the cavity above the piston 11 will end and the working fluid will begin to expand. Thus, the release of the working fluid through the outlet openings 1 from the cavities above the pistons 2 and 11 is controlled by the outer spool k. If at the beginning of the inlet of the working fluid in the cavity above the piston 2

20

25

thirty

35

0

five

0

five

the edge of the inner spool 5 will occupy the position F -G, then the cut-off will occur later, i.e. the filling period is increased. Thus, with a change in the phase shift between the outer slide Q and the inner slide 5, the filling time of the expansion machine changes. In the case of the maximum filling of the expansion machine, the inner spool 5 Moves synchronously with the outer spool k, i.e. The position of the flange F-G of the inner spool 5 all the time coincides with the position of the edge А-В of the window 9 of the outer spool k, In idle mode, i.e. zero filling, at the moment when the edge А-В of the window 9 is equal to the edge C-D of the inlet 13, the edge of the inner slide 5 will take the position F -G and no filling will occur.

The rotational movement of the crankshaft 3 expansion machine through

the bevel gear 20, the crankshaft 16 and the connecting rod 18 are converted into reciprocating motion of the outer spool k, and the inner spool 5 is connected to the crankshaft 3 of the expansion machine by means of a connecting rod 19, a crankshaft 17, a gear planetary gear 22 and a bevel gear 21 . The movement phase of the inner spool 5 relative to the outer spool k is changed by changing the position of the control lever rigidly connected with the epicyclic gear 23 of the planetary gear mechanism 22. This changes the phase of rotation of the crankshaft 17 relative to the crankshaft 3 of the expansion machine. When used in the drive, the inner spool 5 instead of the gear planetary mechanism 22 of the screw gear 25, when the position of the screw control lever 28 changes, the gear 26 slides along the shaft 29 and rotates with this shaft, thereby changing the phase of rotation of the crankshaft 17 relative to the crankshaft 3.

Claims (2)

1. A piston expansion machine, comprising a housing, a piston accommodated therein with the formation of cavities of high and low pressure, a crankshaft connected to the piston and - to a camshaft distribution mechanism arranged in a cylindrical housing, consisting of two concentric spools and actuators for their movement, five 0 five 0 five 0 the outer spool actuator is kinematically rigidly connected to the crankshaft, and the inner spool is mounted for axial movement relative to the outer one, windows are provided on the lateral surface of the outer spool, respectively, communicated with high and low pressure cavities, in order to increase efficiency and high speed; it is equipped with an additional piston connected to the crankshaft mounted in the housing; inlet and exhaust ports are made in the cylindrical housing the morning spool has an annular cavity with the possibility of communication with a high pressure cavity, the drive of each spool is made in the form of a crank drive mechanism with a crankshaft and a gear, and the external spool actuator is kinematically rigidly connected through a bevel gear with the crankshaft, and the internal spool drive connected to the latter through a bevel gear and a gear planetary mechanism with an epicyclic gear and a lever for controlling the movement of the inner slide. 2. Machine pop.1, characterized in that the drive of the inner slide is made in the form of a helical gear consisting of two interconnected helical gears, one of which is connected to the crankshaft, and the other has a control lever and is mounted on the shaft along its axis. f if 6 l In //////////, in // "Gz Editor L.Zaytseva Compiled by O. Kartuesov Tehrel L. Serdyukova Order 126 Circulation 421 VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. d. / 5 . | J Proofreader M.Sharoshi Subscription