SU1544220A1 - Method of plantless growing of root crop seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to methods for seedless cultivation of root crops. The aim of the invention is to increase seed yields by preventing freezing of root crops in winter, protecting frostbite from thawing snow of overwintered plants, reducing, based on the mechanization of all operations, shelter costs, as well as increasing nutrient content in the soil. The shelter of root crops is produced by urea-formaldehyde foam produced on site, which is poured over with a thickness of 3-6 cm and a density of 6-10 kg / m ³ in the form of tapes covering the rows of plants along with protective zones on each side The foam is crushed and used first as a mulching material, and then embedded in the soil as nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers. The method allows to increase the yield of seeds. 6 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the field of seed farming of agricultural crops, in particular, to methods of non-planting cultivation of seed of root crops, especially sugar, fodder and table beets,

The purpose of the invention is to increase seed yield by preventing the freezing of root crops in winter, protection from freezing after overtaking of overwintered plants, reducing, by mechanizing all operations, the costs of covering work, as well as increasing the nutrient content in the soil.

The method is implemented as follows.

In the fields of crop rotation, seedless seed plants are placed along a couple, preferably after legumes and annual grasses. Plowing is carried out with the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing tillage is carried out. Depending on the climatic zone, in July-August, crops are sown with a width of 60-90 cm between the rows, with only phosphorus and potassium fertilizers introduced, and the crops are rolled. With the emergence of shoots, mechanized sharovka, inter-row loosening, weeding of rows, and hilling are performed.

With the onset of a steady cold snap, but before the frost, root crops

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During the first year of life, urea-formaldehyde polyfoam developed in situ is covered with 3 6 cm thick flooring and 6-10 kg / m3 density (in an air-dry condition) in the form of tapes covering various plants with protective zones on each side. They produce polystyrene foam using road trains of the type ATNP and RZ-PNP or installation of ROM-1.

The exorbitant flags of the above values do not provide an increase in the efficiency of the method and are unacceptable (examples 2-3 and), since for pole values, i.e. in the case of increasing the thickness of the flooring and the density of the polymer, will lead to unreasonable overspending of the covering material, increase the labor intensity of the bot and can cause plants to vypryanie - and with minus banners will not be provided in the winter reliable protection of root crops from freezing. In addition, CF foam with a density of less than 6 kg / m3, due to its lightness and insufficient strength in autumn, can be destroyed by strong wind and heavy rains.

In the spring, before the growth kidneys of root vegetables awaken, the foam is crushed by ribbed rollers and used first as a mulching material, then buried in the soil as nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer.

The method was successfully tested in 1985-86 and 1986-87 for growing seeds, respectively, of fodder and sugar beet.

After the peas are harvested for green fodder in an occupied pair, plowing with organic and mineral fertilizers is applied to the plots for conducting experiments, then they are pre-sowing the soil, then divided into three plots.

EXAMPLE 1. A single section is divided into nine identical divisions based on a triple repetition of the experiment. In the third decade of July, six beets were sown with 90 cm inter row spacing of fodder beets with simultaneous introduction of phosphorus and potash fertilizers, the crops were rolled and three of them were left for spring planting of root crops.

The emergence of sprouts on the works of nakha leads to a sharovka, inter-row loosening and hilling before leaving in winter

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Before hilling, planting density is determined. When a cold snap occurs, before frost, in three cases, the roots of plants of the first year of life are covered with foam that has been developed at the place of installation, which is poured with 3-6 cm thick flooring tapes covering the rows of plants along with protective zones on each side (according to the proposed method). The trimming material is produced and poured using an ATNP 1 train.

In the remaining three cases, the roots of the plants for the winter are left without additional shelter under a layer of soil piled up in rows during hilling (by a known method).

In the spring, before the growth kidneys of root vegetables awaken, the foam in the experimental cases is crushed with reeled rollers and used as a mulching material.

With the growth of leaves, the density of plantings is again calculated and the number of overwintered plants is calculated as a percentage of the density of their plantings in the autumn.

On three cases, left uncovered in the fall, a preplant tillage was carried out in the spring and planted, with a 90 cm width between, root rodents of fodder beet of the same variety, stored in earth trenches.

The subsequent care of the plants before harvesting was approximately the same in all the areas of the plot. Threshing of the testes is produced by a combine.

Used foam in experienced cases with inter-row loosening and plowing, after harvesting

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, MUWJI hm it, is embedded in the soil as a nitrogen-45 phosphate fertilizer.

Data on the number of overwintered plants and seed yields on average for the variants of the experiment are given in Table 1.

From tab. It can be seen in Figure 1 that in cases where seeds are grown by the proposed method, the bulk of the plants overwinters, and in cases using the well-known straightforward method, the crops practically die. The average yield of seeds in terms of hectare when using the proposed straight up method, as compared with the known landings, turned out to be 2.1 centner higher.

Example2. In the second section, nine cases are also broken. Sowing them, caring for plants, hiding rows for the winter with foam plastic with a density of 6–10 kg / m3, planting density and cleaning are done as described in Example 1. The difference is that there are three cases of covering polystyrene of different thickness: less than 3 cm, 3-6 cm and more than 6 cm. Table 3 lists the data on the safety of plants by spring and the level of seed yield on average for the variants of the experiment. 2

The court according to table. 2, with the same density of the foam, the thickness of its flooring less than 3 cm does not protect the plants from freezing and reduces the seed yield several times. An increase in the flooring layer of more than 6 cm does not contribute to the preservation of plants, an increase in the yield of seeds and leads only to an unjustified waste of covering material and an increase in the labor intensity of work.

Example In the third section, the same nine cases are broken. Sowing, caring for plants, sheltering their rows with the flooring from K foam plastic with a thickness of cm, determining the thickness of the planting and cleaning are carried out in the same way as in Example 1. However, for covering the row, a polymer material of different density is used: less than 6 kg / m3, 6-10 kg / m3 and more than 10 kg / m3. The results of the experiment on plant conservation and seed yield are shown in Table. 3

The data table. 3 indicate that with the thickness of the foam foam flooring, a decrease in its density of less than 6 kg / m3 causes a massive death of beet plants and a sharp decrease in seed yield, and an increase in polymer density greater than 10 kg / m3 does not provide better preservation of plants, increasing yields and also leads to unnecessary additional consumption of polymeric material, increasing the labor intensity of work.

Example1. In the next season of seedless growing this box

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the non-fruit samples repeat the experience of Example 1, but with a different culture, sugar beet.

Data on the safety of plants and on the yield of seeds for the variants of the experiment are shown in Table. k.

From tab. k it is seen that the results of studies are similar to experiments with fodder beet (example 1).

Example 5. The experiment described in Example 2 was duplicated with sugar beet. For information on the safety of plants and the level of seed yield, see Table. five.

The court according to table. 5, similar results were obtained with the experience of Example 2.

Example 6: The studies of Example 3 were repeated with sugar beet. The results are summarized in Table 2. 6

The data table. 6 confirms the conclusions from the experience of Example 3.

The proposed method will increase the yield and quality of seeds of root crops by preventing damage and plant death as a result of adverse favorable factors, and will reduce the costs of their production.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of non-planting seed cultivation of root crops, including tillage, fertilization, planting, plant care, autumn shelter of root crops of the first year of life, 0 left for the winter in the soil, mechanized harvesting of seeds, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of seeds by preventing the freezing of root crops 5 in the winter, protection from freezing after snowing of overwintered plants, reducing the costs of covering work on the basis of mechanization, as well as increasing the nutrient content in the soil, hiding root crops, produced locally developed urea-formaldehyde foam, which is poured with thick flooring cm and a density of 6-10 kg / m3 in the form of ribbons covering the rows of plants along with protective zones on each side, and in the spring before awakening the growth buds of root crops, the foam is crushed and 0 five 0 five 715Sh2SG8 used first as a mulch as nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer, and then embedded in the soil no i no i Table 1 Spring planting of root crops stored in trench x (disembarking method) Without disembarking method using hilling of plants with soil (known method) The straight-up method using hilling of plants with soil and covering with K-foam flooring (proposed method) Spring planting of root crops stored in trenches (planting method) Non-planting method using soil hilling using plants (known method) The straight-up method with the use of soil hilling and sheltering with a deck of spacecraft foam (the proposed method) 13.6 M 1.6 77.9 15.7 Tablitsa 12.3 10.1 2.1 81.1 And, 8 Table5 Thickness of the Number of re-Urostil from KF of the washed plants of zhaipenoplast, to their density, see sm plantings in autumn,% of seeds centners per hectare Less than 325,64,1 3-682,1I, 5 More than 680,714,2 Tabli cab Density of K-Uronoplast Amount, used wintering-zhizuyumah to indicate the vegetation dig a series of races to their gu sludge, kg / m3 stockpile-centner / ha of autumn,% Less than 618.6 3.8 6-1081.3, 1 More than 10 79.8 13.8