SU1534011A1 - Apparatus for treating water in canals and water flows - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the biological purification of water, in particular, devices for the biological purification of water in canals and streams. The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of water purification in canals and streams by intensifying biological treatment. The device includes a channel with inclined walls and higher aquatic plants cultivated in its channel part. New in the proposed device design is that the channel is blocked by a channel dam, a tubular drainage system is located at the bottom of the channel under a layer of filter material, which is connected at one end under the base of the dam to the lower reach, and the other is connected to the atmosphere in the upper reach. 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to the biological purification of water and is intended for use in the constructions of the biological purification of water from pollutants on canals and streams.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of polluted waters by intensifying biological purification and using the absorbing capacity of aerated soil for purifying waters.

FIG. shows a device for cleaning water in channels and streams, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is the same cross section.

A device for purifying waters in channels and codeflows comprises channel 1, filled in the lower part with filtering material 2, on which higher aquatic vegetation is cultivated.

At the bottom of the channel, there are water intake drains 3 placed on a waterproof screen 4, which discharge the treated water into the lower side of the dam 5 ". In the upper part of the dam an emergency flood spillway 6" is arranged. For constant aeration of the drainage water and the filter layer, and the implementation of the drainage flushing at the beginning of the drains has been established 7 outlets from solid pipes communicating with the atmosphere in the upper pool.

The device works as follows.

Polluted water enters the biological cleaning channel 1. Part of the substances dissolved in the water is absorbed by the water-air part of the plants. iltru camping - through the thickets of higher aquatic vegetation, water forms the lens

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It is time in which there is a loss of large fractions of mechanical impurities. From the biological channel, water seeps through the layer of filter material, is cleaned and drains 3 is output to the lower side of the dam 5 During the passage of water through the layer of filter material under the influence of enzymes of microorganisms, organic substances contained in the water form nutrient soil solutions that are digested by roots water plants. The absorbing surface of the roots is 10-15 times the area occupied by plants, and their absorbing capacity is 5-8 times higher than that of the water-air part of the plants.

To activate the processes of oxidation and the development of aerobic microorganisms, a constant natural aeration of water and filtering material is provided in the filter layer. The aeration is carried out through outlets 7 due to the attraction of air into the cavity of drains 3 while moving profiled water through them. To prevent contamination of groundwater with purified water, the channel with drainage, filtering layer and plants planted on it insulates with a waterproof screen 4, which can serve as a plastic film "

As a filtering material, any material with high adsorption properties can be used, providing water purification and the development of higher aquatic plants on its surface. It can be both natural materials (sandy loam, sand, gravel, mixtures thereof), and synthetic (foam and fiber plastics, spackes, vermiculite, etc.) channel. The overall dimensions of the structure depend on the volume of wastewater and the degree of purification required. During heavy floods, water may be passed through the emergency flood spillway 6 on the dam crest.

As the highest aquatic plants planted in the canal, plants with different vegetation periods, types of water-air root systems, and absorption capacity can be used. When choosing types

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 plants need to take into account their various absorptive capacity. Choosing the layout of aquatic vegetation should be carried out according to the principle of priority cleaning the most toxic impurities. The most active absorption, for example, phenols and its derivatives, occurs in the reed. Efficient purification of water contaminated with petroleum products is provided by Canadian elode and wide-leaved rogoz. Purification of nutrients is best provided by common reed. A rational solution is to build a water purification device in the beds of streams, rivers, and gully networks.

A device for cleaning water in canals is effective in operation, since it is not limited to the length of the growing season and, moreover, purifies water throughout the entire cross section of the canal, which ensures a high degree of purification throughout the year. Calculations and experimental studies show that the degree of water purification by the proposed device, for example, from mineral nitrogen, increases by 2 times, from magnesium and phosphorus by 3 times, from sodium and potassium by 6 to 10 times.

The device can serve as a constant measure to prevent pollution of water bodies, does not exclude the use of additional nodes for the treatment of waste water, can itself serve as an addition to the existing sewage treatment plants, does not require energy costs simply to operate.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for purifying water in canals and streams, containing a channel with sloping walls and filtering material in its lower part, on which higher aquatic plants are planted, distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase the degree of purification of contaminated waters by intensifying biological cleaning and use for cleaning the absorptive capacity of aerated soil, it is equipped with a channel dam installed across the channel, forming the upper and lower beefs, a waterproof screen located under 515340116 filtering material, as well as in-water in the upstream with atmospheric receiving drains, placed with ferro and discharged through the dam under the filter bed. material in the downstream.