SU1527228A1 - Method of producing slow-acting fertilizer in tablets - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for the production of mineral fertilizers and can be used in the preparation of complex, slow-acting fertilizers for agricultural plants. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the rate of dissolution of nutrients while at the same time increasing the agrochemical efficiency of the fertilizer. The method is carried out successively to disintegrate trace elements with ammonium nitrate and urea-formaldehyde resin with a mass ratio of components (0.1 - 0.2): (1.0 - 1.2): 1 for 3-5 minutes at 40-60 ° C then the salts of magnesium, polyalkylsiloxanes and nitrophosphate are introduced at a ratio of (0.01 - 0.02) :( 0.010 - 0.015): 1 in the amount of 85-90% by weight of the fertilizer and tableted at 70 - 110 ° C, and using as fine dust nitrophensk fraction of 0.01 - 0.2 mm. The invention makes it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of nutrients, the duration of the action of the fertilizer, and to utilize the fine fraction of nitrophobia accumulated in air-cleaning apparatuses. 1 hp f-ly, 10 tab.

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of mineral fertilizers. Scientific research institutes and can be used to obtain complex slow-acting fertilizers for agricultural plants.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the rate of dissolution of nutrients while increasing the agrochemical efficiency of the fertilizer.

Example 1. Take a mixture of trace elements containing 320 mg of copper sulphate, 260 mg of molybdate. ammonium, 220 mg of boric acid, 260 mg of ferric chloride, 140 mg of manganese sulphate, 200 mg of zinc sulphate, and injected with ammonium nitrate (7 g) and 60% urea-formaldehyde-resin (CBS) (7 g ) in the dezinte- | grator. The mixture is de-integrated for 5 minutes. Disintegration is carried out at 20, 40, 60,. The results of the experiments are presented in table.1.

As follows from the data of Table 1, at a de-integrating temperature of 40-60 ° C, the resulting mass is homogeneous and, at 20 ° C, it has a non-uniform structure. At a disintegration temperature of 80 ° C

5 th and

00

min prepared (a), and minus in different content

This mass is caused by the salting out effect due to the polycondensation of the CFS. At the same time, the yield retention time is shortened, which complicates further operations.

Example 2. At 40 ° C, a mixture of fertilizers of the same composition as in example 1 is disinfected for 2,3,5 and 6 minutes. The results of the pre- (put in table 2.

As follows from the data of Table 2, with a disinfection time of less than 3 m, a mass is obtained from trace elements, ammonium nitrate, and CFS, which have a heterogeneous structure. With a disinfection time of 6. min., The mass has an uneven structure, which is why polycondensation of the FSC and salting out of salts begin to take place. The optimal time for disintegrating at 40 should be considered 3-5 minutes.

Example 3. In a disinfector at 40 ° C and time 5 a mixture of trace elements of nitrate (b), CFS (c) ratios. The resulting mass is mixed with magnesium carbonate (g), organosilicon compound (e), nitrophosphate (e) and tabletted at 70 C.

The effectiveness of the obtained slow-acting table fertilizer (TMDU) is repeated in a biotest with hydroponic cultivation of plants in a basalt substrate at the rate of 6 g TODU per liter of substrate.

Data on the effect of obtained TMCU on the development of tomatoes when grown by the hydroponic method are presented in Table 3.

As can be seen from Table 3, the introduction of microelements into tableting fertilizers in the ratio of components a: b: 0.05: 1: 1 causes chlorosis of plants, since it does not provide for normal microelement nutrition of plants during the whole growing season.

When the ratio of the components is 0.25:: 1: 1, inhibition of plants is observed due to the elevated level of microelements in the mineral nutrition. The ratios of the components of 0.10: 1: 1 and 0.2: 1: 1 are optimal for normal plant growth. The introduction of CFS into the mixture in a smaller or more quantity is not technologically justified, since with a lower dose, tablets are obtained, and e is low strength, and

0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

with greater technological difficulties, the release of an excess of CFS during tabletting causes difficulties.

Ammonium nitrate is introduced into the mixture for discharging as a complexing agent, which promotes the transfer of trace elements into a mobile state, and at the same time as a ballast-free nutrient. In addition, in the process of swelling of microgranules in plants, ammonium nitrate contributes to the rupture of the shell of microcapsules through osmosis processes, which contributes to the release of microelements from the microcapsules.

. Example 4. Take zkoteku-. The liquor made according to the example (containing 1.4 g of narrow elements, 7 g of ammonium nitrate and 7 g of FSC), and 1.1 g of magnesium carbonate and 1, 1 g of organosilicon compound (highly dispersed products of the hydrolysis of distillation residues of methyl chlorosilanes ), mix and add 98 g of nitrophore dust. As part of the product, the mass of magnesium carbonate, silicone, and nitrophosphate is 87% w / w fertilizer. The resulting mixture is tableted at different temperatures and the strength of the obtained tablets is examined. The results are shown in Table 4.

As follows from the data of Table 4, tableting fertilizers should be carried out at 70–110 ° C, in this range the tablets have the greatest mechanical strength.

Example 5. The data on the effect of different contents of magnesium carbonate in TMDU on the transfer of phosphates into forms available for plants are given in Table 5.

At low doses of magnesium, the transfer of phosphates to available forms is insufficient, and at a ratio of 0.025 (and more: 0.01: 1, binding of phosphates by magnesium to sparingly soluble compounds occurs.

Example 6. Given the effect of the concentration of organosilicon compound (s) in the composition of TMDU prepared according to example 1, on the germination of cress seed when the mass ratio of the mixture of trace elements, FSC with ammonium nitrate (a), magnesium carbonate (b), silicone (x). and nitrophosphate (c), equal to a: b: x: 0.05:: 0.01: X: 1, are given in table.6.

The data of Table 6 shows that with a proportion of the organosilicon compound in the fertilizer of 0.010 toxic effect of fertilizer on seed germination does not appear.

Example 7. The results of determining the influence of the mass ratio of the mixture of trace elements, FSC and ammonium

nor, produced by sequential disintegration of O, 7 g of microelements, 7 g of ammonium nitrate, 7 g of FSC at 40 ° C for 4 min, followed by the addition of 1.1 g of magnesium carbonate, 1.1 g of silico-sulphate; 98 g of plating nitrophoska fraction 0.01-0.2 mm and pelletizing with

nitrate (a) in the TMDU and the sum of the masses of coal 70 C. Testing is carried out in the experiment on

acidic magnesium, organosilicon and nitrophosphate (b) on the state of the plants when growing tomatoes hydroponically on basalt cotton with the use of TMDU are given in Table 7.

With a mass content of component a (a mixture of trace elements, CFS and ammonium nitrate) in a TMD of 5%, chlorosis of plants is observed due to insufficient content of trace elements. An increase in the mass of the component a in TMDU up to 20% causes inhibition of the development of plants due to an excess of trace elements. Normally, plants developed by sequential disintegration of O, 7 g of trace elements, 7 g of ammonium nitrate, 7 g of FSC at 40 ° C for 4 minutes, followed by the addition of 1.1 g of magnesium carbonate, 1.1 g of organosilicon; 98 g of plating nitrophoska fraction 0.01-0.2 mm and pelletizing with

70 C. The tests were carried out in an experiment on

medium loamy soil (pH 6.8; humidity 80% of the highest capacity). The results are shown in table.9.

Research results show that the proposed fertilizer dissolves in the soil much more slowly than the known one. At the same time, its long-term effect is significantly increased, the losses due to leaching are reduced when excess

accurate moistening, the digestibility of nutrients is increased by the fertilizers of the research institute.

Example 10. Grow a head of lettuce for 60 days on the ba

are carried out at the mass ratio of component-25 Zaltovaya wool using fertilizers.

tone a: b (10-15) :( 90-85).

Nitrophosphate is taken as the main component for TMDU, since in it the ratio of the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) corresponds to that compared to the known one. It develops requirements for vegetable and flower crops. Other TMDU components that are necessary for plants during the growing season or that require the release of nutrients from tablets to be delayed are determined in a mass ratio to the amount of nitrophosphate.

Example 8. TMDA samples were manufactured according to examples 1-7 with different particle size distribution of the pyrolysis plant. The strength of the obtained tablets and phosphate transitions into water-soluble forms is measured. The data of the experiment are presented in table.8.

nor TMDU and famous. Re are presented in table 10.

The data of table. U. confirms high efficiency of

Claims (2)

1. The method of obtaining slow slow-acting Including mixing cardaldehyde resin with nitrogenous potassium fertilizer and mic, which is designed to reduce the speed of nutrients while increasing aglochemical type, the trace elements integrate with ammonium sulfur e 5 carbamide-formaldehyde composition ratio of 0.2) :( I, 0 1, 2): 1 for 40-60 ° C, then polyalkylsiloxanes are introduced into the mixture and with a mass ratio: (0.010-0.015): 1 in the amount of the mass of fertilizer and tabl 70-1 1.0 ° C.  To obtain a tablet fertilizer with sufficient tablet strength and a high content of water-soluble phosphates, it is advisable to use nitrophosphate dust fraction, 2 mm. The most promising is the utilization of finely dispersed dust that is difficult to be used in industry, which accumulates in air-cleaning devices for the granulation and cooling of the production of granulated nitrophoska. Example 9. The dissolution rate test was carried out comfortably compared with the known. nor TMDU and famous. The results are presented in table 10. The data of the table. U confirm the higher efficiency of the TMDU fertilizer. compared to the famous. Invention Formula 1. A method for producing a slow tablet fertilizer. Including mixing urea-formaldehyde-11 resins with nitrogen-phosphorus-cyclic fertilizer and microelements, characterized in that, in order to reduce the rate of dissolution of nutrients while increasing aglochemical efficacy, the trace elements are sequentially de-integrated with ammonium nitrate. with a mass ratio of components (0.1-0.2): (I, 0-1, 2): 1 for 3-5 minutes at 40-60 ° C, then salts of magnesium, polyalkylsiloxanes and nitrophosphate are introduced into the mixture at mass ratio (0,01-0,02):: (0,010-0,015 ): 1 in the amount of 85-90% by weight of fertilizer and tabletted at 70-1 1.0 ° C. 2. The method according to p. 1, and the difference is that the nitrophore is used in the form of fine dust with a particle size of 0.01-0.2 mm taken from air cleaning devices for the granulation and cooling of nitrophoska. : Ratio of components (numerator in relative units, denominator in g per 1 batch) abIB (a + b + c) I gI d 1527228 T a b persons 1 table 2 Table 3 Plant condition Tableting temperature, ° С thirty 50 70 90 110 120 Table Seed germination,% 7512 81 ± 1 95 ± 2 86 ± 3 ) 95 ± 2 50% 0.01-0.2 50% more than 0.2 50% 0.01-0.2 The strength of the tablets, kg / pills 0.39 0.55 0.89 1.12 I, 36 Thermal decomposition of the product is observed. Table 5 Table 7 Table 8 0,29-0,68 97.4 TMDU 97.2 Known 72.3 Table 10 54 24 158114 95 ± 3