SU1516364A2 - Control apparatus for manufacturing concrete and ferroconcrete articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the automation of technological processes for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products. Can be used in the construction and building materials industry. Allows you to improve the quality of management. The proposed device contains heat treatment units 1, each of which includes a product 2 with a corresponding strength sensor 3, a temperature sensor 4 and a sensor 5 of chemically bound water. As well as a control system that includes switches 6 according to the number of units, central switch 7, block 8 for determining the minimum strength value, driver 9, block 10 for determining cement properties, autocorrelator torus — extrapolator 11, optimizer 12, block 13 for correcting cement consumption, block 14 for determining the duration of heat treatment, block 15 for modifying heat treatment modes, regulators 16 for the number of aggregates, block 17 for determining the setting time of the concrete mix, block 18 for determining the preliminary exposure, block 19 for determining ot oneny, block 20 for determining daily strength, block 21 for determining the humidity of inert aggregates, block 22 chemical additives, actuators 23 for supplying steam for each unit, actuators 24 for supplying dry air with regulating bodies 25 for each unit, blocks 26 for regulating bodies 25, block 27 control dispenser 28 fibers. 1 il.

Description

The invention relates to the automation of technological processes for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products, can be used in the construction and building materials industry and is an improvement of the invention according to the authors.

St. No. 6} 2Q. .

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of control.

The drawing shows a block diagram of the device.

The device contains heat treatment units 1, each of which includes products 2 with a corresponding strength sensor 3, a sensor (1 chemical sensor connected with 5 chemically bound water), and a control system that includes switches 6 according to the number of units, central

HI iv uij..y T.I 7, O / KJK 0 for determining the minimum strength of the strength, formirooo 1 i. u, 9, unit 10 for determining properties, cement, autocorrelator torus extrapolator 11, optimizer 12, unit 13 for correcting cement consumption, unit 1 (determining the duration of heat treatment, unit 15 for correcting heat treatment modes, regulators 1b by the number of aggregates, unit 17 determination of the timing of the concrete mixture, block 18 determining the preliminary exposure, block 19

bridge comparator 61, trigger B2, inverter 63, and circuit 6. The ultrasonic device was used as a unit for determining the daily strength. UK-1011, as a unit 21 for determining the humidity of inert aggregates, a digital instrument for measuring the moisture content of VSKM-12, magnetic valves as the actuator 2k, and relays as regulators 25. A potentiometer was used as sensors 5 of chemically bound water,

deviating, block 20 determining 5, which is a cylinder of filter strength, block 21 of determining paper with a diameter of 3 mm and

8 mm long.

moisture of inert aggregates, chemical additives block 22, steam supply actuators 23 for each unit, 20 2k dry air supply actuators with regulators 25 for each unit, control units 2b for controlling their organs 25, fiber metering control unit 27.

The switches 6 and 7 include a relay matrix 29, a multivibrator 30, a counter 31, a decoder 32, and a block 33 of keys; The minimum strength value block 8 includes an ultrasound device 3k, an analog-to-digital converter 35, and an arithmetic device B; the shaper 9 includes a comparator 37 and a digital-to-analog converter; the block 10 for determining the properties of cement is made in the form of an ultrasonic device of the type UK-16P; autocorrelator torus extrapolator 11 includes subtractor 39,

The device works as follows.

The kinetics of increasing the strength of concrete in the product 2 contained in the heat treatment unit 1 is monitored by the strength sensors 3, which at certain intervals 25 after the start of the heat treatment cycle by means of the switches 6 and the central switch 7 are connected in series to the minimum strength value unit 8. In this case, the reference pulses from the multivibrator 30 are fed to the input of the counter 31. Each cell of the counter is connected to the coordinate buses of the matrix decoder 32. The outputs of the decoder 32 through the block 33 of transistor switches are connected to a relay matrix 29, which is connected to magnetic relays, and is used to connect sensors, actuators and actuators 30

35

15

quad 40, adder 41, subtractor k2, square-root extraction circuit k3, two dividers kk and amplifier +5; block 1 for determining the duration of the heat treatment includes an input register ke, an arithmetic unit k7, an instruction counter 8, and an output register 49; the heat treatment mode correction block 15 includes two digital-analog converters 50, an OR circuit 51, an arithmetic unit 52, a memory 53, a counter Sk, two memories 55 and a digital-analog converter 5b; the pre-exposure determination unit 18 includes two comparators 57 and an OR 58 circuit; block 19, the definition of the 5 deviations includes two comparators 59 and the circuit OR 60; the control unit 26 of the regulating bodies 25 on the control unit in the control circuit, respectively

1 T per

f-

- Hall

(one)

per

where J is the duty cycle of the relay matrix;

- the adjustment interval of the regime parameter (steaming temperature); -Zam the closing time of the regulator to the actuator.

The adjustment interval Tp without taking into account the ambiguity zone of the regulator is selected from the limits

-Tolnd) -V,

where t o is the delay in the transmission of control actions; T is the time constant of the object;

 T

per

0

(2)

0

The device works as follows.

The kinetics of increasing the strength of concrete in the product 2 contained in the heat treatment unit 1 is monitored by the strength sensors 3, which at certain intervals 5 after the start of the heat treatment cycle by means of the switches 6 and the central switch 7 are connected in series to the minimum strength value unit 8. In this case, the reference pulses from the multivibrator 30 are fed to the input of the counter 31. Each cell of the counter is connected to the coordinate buses of the matrix decoder 32. The outputs of the decoder 32 through the block 33 of transistor switches are connected to a relay matrix 29, which is connected to magnetic relays, and is used to connect sensors, actuators and actuators 0

five

move to the control unit in the control circuit, respectively

1 T per

f-

- Hall

(one)

per

where J is the duty cycle of the relay matrix;

- the adjustment interval of the regime parameter (steaming temperature); -Zam the closing time of the regulator to the actuator.

The adjustment interval Tp without taking into account the ambiguity zone of the regulator is selected from the limits

-Tolnd) -V,

where t o is the delay in the transmission of control actions; T is the time constant of the object;

 T

per

0

(2)

Rv perturbing (controlling)

impact.

The time of the closed state - the outputs of each relay of the matrix 29 is determined from the condition

Over / W

(3)

one/

Add. 00

CoC them

- permissible deviations of the mode parameter in steady state; KO - transfer ratio

TO

m "

15

20

the object of regulation; the regulatory progress indicator,%. In block 8 for determining the minimum strength value, the strength of the product being found in the worst heat treatment conditions is established. This happens as follows. The signal from the switch 7 is fed to the input of the ultrasonic device 3, which captures the current strength value RJ of the test item i located in chamber j, and from the output of the device 3 through the analog-digital converter 35 the signal goes to the arithmetic unit 36, where the algorithm itself is implemented ol - finding the product I with the minimum strength value. At the beginning of the operation, the index (number) of the chamber j is set to a unit value of 0. Beams of 160 mm are laid to determine the activity of the cement used. Solutions for the beams are prepared with a water-cement bearing equal to O, and their consistency in spreading out the cone after 30 shakes on the table should be characterized by a diameter in the range of 106-115 mm. The beams from the solution were stored in the forms above water for 2 t2 h, placed in a bath with a hydraulic lock. Then they are disbanded and stored in a D oode (20 1 7 / C) for 27 days. After 28 days from the moment of manufacture, the beams are popped in a

15 genera of the ultrasonic device of the block The strength index in this case is the activity of cement

From block 10, an electrical signal proportional to the value of the activity of the cement used to manufacture this batch of products, at the command of block 8, is fed to the input of the auxiliary corrector-extrapolator 11, where by predicting the activity of

(first camera is connected via- ,,,,,. ,, ..,,.

switch 7 to block 8); The index of the concrete mix preparation control in the roll product i is set to one (the first product of the first steaming chamber is connected in subsequent batches by determining the activity variation coefficient from the results of cement tests,

subsequent batches by determining the coefficient of activity variation from the results of cement tests, flowing through switch 6 and the central and quarterly

switch / to block 8); current strength value index R; takes the strength value of the first product

formula

V

 G.

T (Ai - LSR) (P - 1)

100

wed

(four

R

LENGTH

takes the value R .. Entire

the algorithm for determining the minimum strength value includes two cycles: I — determining the minimum strength value in each of the m chambers; II survey of all m heat treatment chambers.

After establishing the minimum value,

The strength of the product is a digital signal from the arithmetic unit 36 of the block 8 to the input of the digital-to-analog converter 38 of the Epic former after converting the digital signal to the analog voltage comparator 37 compares the set value R, with the set value of the voltage on the monitored input

15

20

e ol comparator 37 signal corresponding to the release strength of products Rp, p.

From the first output of the former 9, the signal in the form of an electrical impulse arrives at the input of the block 10 for determining the properties of cement. Before the work shift, beams of 160 mm in size are placed in the sensors of the ultrasonic device of the block to determine the activity of the cement used to operate the device. Solutions for the beams are prepared with a water-cement ratio equal to O, and their consistency in the spreading of the cone after 30 shakes on the table should have a diameter in the range of 106-115 mm. The beams from the solution are stored in forms above water for 2 t2 h, placed in a bath with a hydr-effect shutter. They are further disbanded and stored in a D oode (20 1 7 / C) for 27 days. After 28 days from the moment of making the beam, the electrodes of the ultrasonic device of the block 9 are impacted into electrodes. The strength index in this case is the activity of the cement.

From block 10, an electrical signal proportional to the value of the cement activity used to make this batch of products, at the command of block 8, is fed to the input of the autocorrelator-extrapolator 11, where by predicting the activity of the cement can be determined by MO ,,,,, . ,, ..,,. „.. ...

 t of preparation of concrete mix t of preparation of concrete mix in

subsequent batches by determining the coefficient of activity variation from the results of tests of cement, current and produced for the quarter, according to

formula

V

 G.

T (Ai - LSR) (P - 1)

100

wed

(four)

five

0

wed

n 5

where V is the coefficient of variation,;

L- - activity of cement separate

(i-th) batch, kgf / cm; L. - average cement activity of this brand per quarter, kgf / cm;

the number of lots of cement of this brand, produced for the quarter.

A subtractor 39 of block 11 determines the difference between the cement activity values of a particular (i-th) batch and the average cement activity of a given brand over a quarter; the squared lO builds the resulting difference in a square, after which the signal goes to

adder and. Subtractor carries out the subtraction of the unit from the number of batches of the brand 's brand produced in the quarter. Private separation of the results of the calculations of blocks 41 and 42, obtained in the divider k in, the form of an electrical signal, goes to the square root extraction circuit 3. The resulting signal from the autocorrelator-extrapolator 1 output is fed to the input of an automatic optimizer 12, which implements algorithms for finding a minimum technical and economic criterion, which is a variable part of the cost, equal to the sum of costs for cement and heat treatment preset quality level of reinforced concrete products. Depending on the specified restrictions imposed on the specific consumption of cement and the duration of heat treatment, organizational and technical limitations, including work shift, product range, availability of material and energy resources and state i of related technological posts, optimizer 12 according to the work algorithm You decide on the need to change the specific cement consumption in the concrete mix of the subsequent batches in addition to the duration of isometric heating for the next product. or batches of products.

The cost of maintaining the equipment is determined by the formula

С ,, (3.21Л „6 + 1.61А) / Г, (5 where Ср5 - the sum of expenses on maintenance and operation of all types of equipment of the proposed line;

Ajjg is the sum of depreciation deductions determined for all units and machines of the line according to the norms; And - the same, in forms, forms, trolleys, equipment; P - year performance

lines.

The actual specific calculation of energy resources at the plant, taking into account the energy costs in the auxiliary workshops (preparation of the concrete mix, storage of materials in warehouses, production of fittings, intrashop and in-plant transport) and in the service; 1 partitions (repair

service, heating, IK 1dl, illumination, ventilation, etc.) are calculated using the empirical formula

  5 4jH-bBR / (

where 3 is the energy consumption for the heat-and-moisture treatment of products, taking into account the heat loss in the structures of the chambers, the steam system and because of the imperfection of the organization of production; n is the number of technological lines at the enterprise;

K, - coefficient taking into account

the workability of the concrete mix and the method of its compaction, adopted according to factory data;

K.J - coefficient taking into account

the type of technological line on which products are manufactured, assumed to be equal for conveyor lines 1, continuous-unit 1, П, cassette 1,1 and bench 1.13;

Kj - coefficient taking into account the type of thermal unit used;

K4 coefficient taking into account the type of cement used.

After the automatic optimizer 12 has made the decision to change the specific cement consumption in the concrete mix of subsequent mixes, as well as the duration of isothermal heating for the following products, the signal proportional to the values of the necessary changes is fed from the optimizer 12 output to the input of the cement consumption control unit 13, which provides preparation of concrete mix in the subsequent batch of the changed composition. In the commercially available SUBZ-1 concrete plant control station, contactless track sensors are used to determine when the feeder is turned off. A proximity sensor is mounted on an additional arrow, which indicates the target mass of the dose of cement. As the material enters the metering hopper, the main arrow rotates around its axis. When the current dose coincides with a predetermined signal, it enters the control unit, which turns off the feeder. On mass produced

ts11 (1) With p 1, p iyh g) pg) E1kah g | Gychno I install several additional arrows with proximity sensors located on them. These sensors are used by the D device to control the dosing on command from unit 12.

From the second output of the former 9, the resulting signal is fed to the input of the block for determining the duration of heat treatment, where, according to the algorithm for determining the duration of heat treatment, the time of isothermal heating of products is determined by the formula

R (t) - C, s

-.

 C, e

.

(Y)

R (t) is the tempering value of the strength of the product at the time of Bpe-2Q VA 53, the number of which is equal to кС. From t,%;

a coefficient that is numerically equal to the strength of the product at the time of its loading into the chamber; 25 is a coefficient that is numerically equal to the strength of the product at the moment of applying heat to the chamber;

the quantity of heat chambers. Digital signals from random access memory devices are fed to digital-to-analogue converters 5b, from the output of which they are fed to the second input of controllers 1b as analog signals.

The input of the controller 1b of the heat treatment mode from the output of the temperature sensor i receives an electrical signal proportional to the temperature in thermal unit 1. From the output of the regulator 1b of the heat treatment mode, the resulting electrical signal goes to the input of the actuator 23 installed on the coolant supply line to heating unit 1.

one

T, - constant time, defined;

c) the rate of change in strength over time with natural hardening and heat supply to the chamber, respectively, s; heat treatment time

Block And works as follows.

Prior to the heat treatment cycle, the duration of the heat treatment mode is set in the input register 6. This is set at this plant. The signal from block 9, the command counter 48 issues a command to the input register 6 and the arithmetic unit 4 / about the adjustment of the heat treatment mode. The arithmetic unit 7 produces an increase or decrease in the heat treatment of products. The final duration of the heat treatment cycle is recorded in the output register register 49 of the block I. The output of the block lA is connected to the input of the heat treatment re-regime correction block 15, in which the new values of the isothermal heating time are stored products, the passage of their heat treatment in a given heat unit. In the absence of signals from blocks 18,

1636A

ten

ten

15

19 and 2 /: block 13 performs the TVO cycle, set by block 1, otherwise (if there is a signal from one of the listed blocks), the TVO modes are corrected. The signals from blocks l8 and 22 through the block and the OR 51 circuit are fed to the arithmetic unit 52 and to the counter 5 of the commands of block 15. From the output register 9 of the block I t the set TVO cycle goes to the memory 53 of the block 15 and at the command from the counter 5 commands are entered for correction into the arithmetic unit 52. The corrected isothermal exposure time of products from the arithmetic unit 52 is recorded in the operational memory of the unit 53, the number of which is equal to

the quantity of heat chambers. Digital signals from the operational storage devices are fed to digital-to-analogue converters 5b, from the output of which in the form of analog signals are fed to the second input of the controllers 1b.

The input of the controller 1b of the heat treatment mode from the output of the temperature sensor i receives an electrical signal proportional to the temperature in the thermal unit 1. From the output of the controller 1b of the heat treatment mode, the resulting electrical signal goes to the input of the actuator 23 installed on the heat carrier supply line - First unit 1.

The unit G / issues a signal to the first input of the unit 18 for determining the preliminary exposure for adjusting the preliminary exposure time depending on the setting time of the concrete mix. The principle of operation of the block 1 / is based on the fact that such parameters of heat treatment as the preliminary exposure time and the beginning of isothermal heating are associated with the setting time of the concrete mixture. If the deviations exceed the allowable value controlled by the block 17, a signal is given and the corresponding correction is performed by the block G / if the setting does not correspond to the setting and blocks 10 and if the end

setting concrete mix. If the setting time is within the calculated, then the adjustment mode is not made. Comparators 57 through the scheme OR 58

Block 15, a control signal is sent to the TV 15 mode correction block.

Block /: J determines the fact |.; Chesklp strength of products at the age of Z8 days. The value of this strength is analyzed by the deviation detection unit 19 by comparison with the design. In this case, the signal from block 20 is compared by a comparator 59 with a signal level corresponding to the design value of strength. If the deviations go beyond the established frames (for example, 10%), the signal from the comparator 59 as a control is fed through the OR 60 circuit to block 15, the signal from which the pre-exposure varies, and its change is made to x setting time of the concrete mix, issued by block 18 (for example, 0.1; 0.2,..., f,). The block 21 for determining the humidity of aggregates determines the moisture of inert aggregates (sand and rubble) and, in proportion to its value, sends a signal to the block 18 for determining the deviations about the adjustment of the preliminary exposure time of concrete products.

Immediately before the heat treatment cycle, a voltage level corresponding to the type of chemical additive used (moderator or accelerator) is established at the chemical additive block 22. If a concrete hardening inhibitor is used, the level of the output signal of block 22 is 5 V; if a concrete hardening accelerator is used, the level of the output signal of block 22 is +5 V. If the manufacture of products does not use chemical additives, then the level of the output signal equals zero. In this case, the command from block 22 on the adjustment of the TVO mode is missing. In particular.

this explains the circumstance.

that block 22 is a voltage block.

The amplifier 5 of the block 11 is an amplifier with the coefficient of the amplifier 100 and ryn multiplies the result from the divider 4 by 1 (; 0, i.e., the calculation of the coefficient of variation of cement activity).

With the change in the thermodynamic characteristics of hardening concrete, such parameters of heat treatment of KLK are associated with the duration, type and degree of external influence on the hardening material. Shatnie kinetics izme 5

about d

five

five

P

The amount of chemically bound water makes it possible to determine the rate of hydrate formation. T, by graphically differentiating the curve I Y - f (), where and is the amount of chemically bound water. Additional technological effects are applied to the hardening material at a point in time when the rate of hydrate formation.

This conclusion is the basis for the development of a method of combined heat treatment of products based on mineral holding materials, when at the stage of isothermal aging, determined by the minimum rate of hydrate formation, the vapor medium in the thermal unit is replaced with dry hot air and a temperature equal to the isothermal holding temperature . The combined heat treatment unit performs the combined heat treatment in the proposed device.

At the same time, a small-sized chemically bound water sensor 5 is placed in the upper product in the heat unit, the signal from which is sent to the comparator b1, where by comparison with the set value Jv ,. .determines

T M and H

the moment of replacing PZra with hot air. The signal from comparator b1 arrives at trigger b2, where it is memorized, after which this signal goes to the first input of circuit 6, to the second input of which the signal comes from inverter 63. Circuit Ib performs a logical multiplication of two signals (from trigger 62 and Inverter 63), i.e. With single values of the inputs of the AND 6 circuit, the output of the control unit 2b is a signal to replace the steam with hot air, this signal goes to the actuator (relay) 25, which controls the operation of the regulator 2A (magnetic valve).

The control unit 27 provides a signal to the fiber dispenser 28, according to which the fiber dispenser 28 dispenses and introduces dispersed reinforcing fibers into the concrete mix. In this case, the signal from the output of block 2 / control is fed to the third input of the circuit OR 58 of the block 18 for determining the preliminary shutter speed, and the time for preliminary shutter speeds. The use of dispersed reinforcement allows an increase in

Claims (1)

Claim A device for controlling the process of manufacturing 2 concrete and reinforced concrete products according to ed. St. 1 · '14163 ^ 0, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of control, it is equipped with a fiber dosing unit with a control unit and, according to the number of heat treatment units, dry air control units with actuators of regulatory bodies and chemically bound water sensors installed respectively in each heat treatment unit, each sensor of chemically bound water is connected to the first inputs of the respective control units of the dry air supply, the second inputs of which are connected to the first input of the forms rovatele and output fibers dispenser control unit is connected to the third input of the provisional determination unit ^for you Derzhko.