SU1510503A1 - Photon counter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to atmospheric optics and can be used to register weak and ultra-weak light fluxes in physics, cosmology | research, laser sounding of the atmosphere, spectroscopy, chemistry, astronomy, etc. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of recording the intensity of one-electron pulses. The photon counter contains serially connected photomultipliers, a single-electron discriminator, a photon trigger, as well as RAM, a computer and a synchronization circuit, a mode trigger, a control clock generator, an address counter, the photomultiplier output is connected to the first photon trigger input , the output of the RAM is connected to the input register of the computer, the output of the synchronization circuit. connected to the first input of the mode trigger; it is connected to the input of the controlled clock generator and to the control input of the RAM mode; the output of the controlled clock generator is connected to the first input of the address counter and to the second input of the trigger photon trigger; the address outputs of the address counter are connected to the address the inputs of the RAM and the input register of the computer, the output register of the computer is connected to the second input of the address counter, and its output to the second input of the mode trigger, informational. The RAM input is connected to a logical one. The counter also contains an additional photon trigger, iy, vert and logical element EXCLUSIVE OR, and the output of the controlled clock generator is connected to the second input of the additional photon trigger via the inverter, the outputs of the first and additional photon triggers are connected to the input of the RAM selection through the logical element EXCLUSIVE OR , and as the discriminator of single-electron pulses, a discriminator is used, which changes its state opposite when a one-electron pulse arrives a, a photon triggers - type D, 1 pc. . sl ate 9

Description

The invention relates to atmospheric optics and can be used to register weak and super-weak light fluxes in physics, space research, and laser probes. atmosphere, spectroscopy, chemistry, astronomy, etc.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of recording the intensity of one-electron pulses.

sync sync. The same pulse sets the trigger 10 mode AND RAM 7 in the recording mode.

, Synchronously with the occurrence of the sync pulse, the controlled clock generator 11 generates a sequence of img pulses in order to form an address counter 8 through 10 of the sequence of time intervals (a predetermined duration for temporal assignment of photo pulses relative to the pulse of sounding. clock pulses, to generate - saeribix controlled clock generator 11, determine the PN resolution of the recorded atmospheric characteristics (1/2., x

NIN L N g 8 YI The length of the time interval, the number of time intervals.

N

H

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, in which is a block diagram,

The photon counter contains a photoelectron multiplier 1 (PMT), a discriminator of single-electron pulses 2, changes its state to the opposite when the odioelectron pulse arrives, the first trigger 3 photons, the inverter 4, the second trigger 5 photons, the logic element 6 EXCLUDING OR, random access memory (RAM) 7, address counter 8, synchronization circuit 9, mode trigger 10, controlled clock generator 11, computer 12.

The code of the PMT 1 is connected to the discriminator input.1 2, its output is connected to the first inputs of the first 3 and 20 x 0.15 km) and the path length of the 5 photon triggers, their outputs through the logic element 6 EXCLUSIVE OR connected to the input control RAM 7, the output of RAM 7 is connected to the input register of the computer 12. The synchronization is 25 pulses, which determines the moment of sprinkling the probe pulse and the start of the counter, goes to the synchronization circuit 9, the output of the synchronization circuit 9

connected to the first input of the trigger 1P ZO to the previous state, which is in each mode, its output - to the input of the next cycle (time, pulse clock generator 11 and to the interval) is recorded alternately to the second control input of RAM 7, generator output 11 connected to the first input of the address counter 8, to the second, c input of the first trigger 3 photon a and through the inverter 4 to the second input of the second trigger 5 photon. Address outputs of address counter 8 are connected

to the address inputs of RAM 7 and. to the input register of the single-electron pulses register of the computer 12. Control output. not observed, .to the output of the logic address counter is connected to the second input of the trigger 10 mode. The output of the computer 12 is connected to the second input of the address counter 8, Information. the RAM input 7 is connected to the source of the logical unit. A discriminator is used as the discriminator of single-electron pulses, which changes to its opposite state when each subsequent one-electron pulse arrives, photon triggers are of type D, the first input is D, the second is with .

Counter fogoiop works as follows. Amplum clock clock generator 11 lmusksts through trigger 10 cutoff impulse from circuit 9

“2 - 1 k. - address counter size 8.

"

Each one-electron pulse arriving from the photomultiplier 1 transforms a dycry1- {inator 2 into the opposite one of the first 3 and the second 5 photon triggers.

If fe of the neighboring time intervals of the state of the first and second photon triggers are the same, i.e. within these two intervals of the posic element 6 is EXCLUSIVE OR there will be a signal that prohibits the recording of input data (units) in RAM 7. D5 If the two subsequent states of triggers 3 and 5 are different, i.e. in one of the time intervals an event occurred - the arrival of a single-electron pulse, then the output of logic element 6 is EXCLUSIVE OR will be resolving signal and in cell RAM 7 with the number determined by the state of address counter 8 will be recorded permanently present at the RAM input unit, i.e. the time interval at which the event occurred is noted.

The principal feature of the work of such a scheme at 50

55

sync sync. The same pulse sets the trigger 10 mode AND RAM 7 in the recording mode.

Synchronously with the occurrence of the sync pulse, the controlled clock generator 11 generates a sequence of control pulses in order to form an address counter 8 for a time interval (At a predetermined duration for temporal assignment of photo pulses relative to the sounding pulse. The address counter pulse 8 and the clock pulse per pulse to generate - saeribix controlled clock generator 11, determine the PN resolution of the recorded logs 0.15 km) and the length of the track

characteristics of the sphere (1/2., x

x 0.15 km) and the length of the route zrndirov

NIN L N g 8 YI The value of the time interval, x 0.15 km) and the length of the route are

number of time slots.

N

H

x 0.15 km) and the length of the route

the previous state, which in each subsequent cycle (time interval) is recorded alternately

“2 - 1 k. - address counter size 8.

"

Each one-electron pulse arriving from a photomultiplier 1 transforms a dycry1- {inator 2 into the opposite previous state, which is recorded alternately in each subsequent tact (time interval).

in the first 3 and second 5 photon triggers.

If fe of the neighboring time intervals of the state of the first and second photon triggers are the same, i.e. In the course of these two intervals, the arrival of one-electron pulses was not observed. At the output of logic

CLEAR ELEMENT 6 EXCLUSIVE OR OR there will be a signal that prohibits the recording of input data (units) in RAM 7. If the two subsequent states of triggers 3 and 5 are different, i.e. in one of the time intervals an event occurred - the arrival of a single-electron pulse, then the output of logic element 6 EXCLUDING LI will have a resolving signal and in cell RAM 7 with the number determined by the state of the address counter 8 will be recorded permanently present at the RAM input unit, i.e. the time interval at which the event occurred is noted.

The principal feature of the work of such a scheme is

 The single-electron pulse implies that if a single-electron pulse arrives during the dead zone, when in a known photon counter in the n-ft time interval the registration does not occur yet, and in (n-1) st it has already ended, then in this photon counter, such an event will be recorded at the end of the n-th interval in one of the photon triggers, and after comparing the thin photon triggers in the n-th and (n + 1) -m time intervals will be recorded 7th RAM cell. 7. Shift on. The + 1 time interval occurs when one-electron pulses are registered, regardless of the moment of appearance. They are relative to the time interval B AjipB, so this shift simply takes into account npii working off the array of registered numbers from the beginning of the array not from zero, but from the first element masip.

After passing through all possible states of the address counter 8, the signal for termination of the write cycle from its output throws the mode trigger 10 into the Read mode, disabling the control oscillator 11 and thus transmitting the control. address counter 8 of the computer 12. In this case, the information registered in the RAM 7 information is transferred to the RAM. The computer 12, where it is

accumulation...

I.

Repeat cycles

writing - reading leads to the fact that in the cells of the computer's RAM, whose addresses determine the position of the photons arriving at the counter relative to the synchronization pulse, the profile of the signal reflected by the atmosphere is formed with an accuracy determined by the level of the charge in each time interval calculated profile of atmospheric characteristics.

Thus, the use of a discriminator of one-electron pulses changing its state on the opposite side, and analyzing its state in two successive time intervals allows one to record all the exceptions received by the photomultiplier single-electron pulses regardless of what time point the fronts of the time intervals they arrive, including -; - le and those that fall into the dead

zone, which is essentially attempted. em exact- registration of one-electron pulses. At the same time, when reading the RAM, it is possible to produce a quick analysis of the contents of the RAM 7 in order to find the addresses of the times of one-electron 1g pulses.

The photon counter makes it possible to increase the accuracy of recording the input flux of single-electron impulses by approximately 13 S g, / (i. G ,, –C e) times, where the duration of the dead zone.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula 20 25 The photon counter, containing sequentially included photoelectronic. the multiplier, discriminator: single-electron pulses, the first photon trigger and sequential cxeMi synchronization, mode trigger, control clock generator, address counter, and random access memory (RAM) and computer, with the output of the RAM connected to the computer's input register, the output of the mode trigger is connected to the I / O remote control of the RAM mode, the output of the controlled clock generator is connected to the second input of the photon trigger trigger, the address outputs of the address counter are connected to the address inputs of the OZ U and. to the computer's input register, the computer's output register is connected to the second input of the address counter, whose output is connected to the second input of the mode trigger, the information input of the RAM is connected to the logical unit source, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of recording the intensity of single-electron pulses , a second photon trigger, an inverter, and an EXCLUSIVE OR logic element are entered into it, the first input of the second photon trigger connected to the discriminator output of one-electron pulses, the output of the controlled one Actuator through the inverter is connected to the second input of the second photon trigger, the outputs of the first and second photon triggers are connected through the logic element ULINDLE OR to the control input of the RAM, while & as the discriminator one-electron. pulses, a discrete stateizer is used: 35 40 45 0 five the opposite when entering photon trigger triggers is triggers of a tinoelectroan pulse, and as D ..