SU1507521A1 - Apparatus for making ingots - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to foundry and can be used in the manufacture of forge ingots. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the head shrinkage shell, the axial porosity of the ingot and increase the yield of the fit. After the metal has been poured into the mold 1, a pressure is applied to the top of the crimping element 2 installed in the chamber 3 with a drive, turning relative to its bottom, the crimping element bends the ingot peel inside the ingot, and the internal volume of the mold decreases, resulting in a shrinkage shell . 3 il.

Description

(21) 4369073 / 23-02

(22) 12/08/87

(46) 09/15/89. Bul R 34 (75) I.F.Melnik

(53) 621.746.5 (088.8)

(56) Patent of Japan No. 45-16924, cl. Air Defense, 1A22, 1970.

Patent of Germany 2627406, cl. B 22 D 7/06, 1976.

(54) DEVICE FOR OBTAINING INGOT

(57) The invention relates to foundry and can be used in the manufacture of blacksmith

ingots. The chain of the invention is the reduction of the head shrinkage shell, the axial porosity of the ingot and the increase in yield. After the metal has been poured into the mold 1, a pressure is applied to the top of the crimping element 2 installed in the chamber 3 by means of a drive, turning the crimping element against the bottom of the crimping element to bend the ingot crust inside the ingot, the internal volume of the mold is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the shrinkage shell . 3 il.

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The invention relates to foundry and can be used in the manufacture of forge ingots.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the head shrinkage shell, the axial porosity of the ingot and increase the yield of the fit.

Figure 1 shows the proposed device, a General view; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a crimping element.

The device consists of a mold 1, a crimping element 2, a chamber 3, a pallet 4, a journal 5 of the mold, a projection 6, an aperture 7 for cooling, a refractory material 8.

Immediately after the metal has been poured in, the ingot mold 1, with a drive (not shown), applies pressure P to the top of the crimping 2 installed in chamber 3. Turning relative to its bottom, it bends the ingot crust into the interior of the latter. The internal volume of the mold is reduced and the liquid metal is partially extruded upward from the ingot core. The speed of rotation of the 7KIMA element (ingot pressing speed) during the entire ingot crystallization process is maintained so that a shrinkage shell does not form and at the same time the liquid metal does not overflow over the ingot. The pressure P is then changed from a value sufficient to overcome the microstatic resistance of the liquid metal at the initial stage of crystallization to values close to the rolling pressure values at the final stage of the ingot crystallization.

The upper surface of the ingot must be coated with exothermic or heat insulating materials that prevent or retard the cooling of the upper surface of the ingot in order to avoid the formation of a significant crust on the upper surface of the ingot. The ingot crimping process is monitored visually or with known devices to control the level of the melt. During the crimping of the ingot, the mold is fixed against turning, for example, by placing it in the recess of the base and holding it by the trunnions.

The height of the chamber is preferably not more than half and not less than 1/5 of the height of the ingot, since

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It is well known in practice that ingots up to half of their height are dense in well-known molds, and with a smaller chamber height, small ice-shelters taking place do not achieve the effect. In addition, with a smaller chamber height, the axial friability of the ingot is not eliminated.

In order to avoid the ingot crust breaking during its crimping, the working surface of the crimping element (from the ingot side) is made curvilinear (rounded, oval) along a horizontal cross-section, since with a rectangular section of the crimping element it goes into the crust instead of bending it.

The width of the crimping element (and the chamber) is preferably 1 / 2-1 / 5 of the wall width of the chatefted ingot (1 / 8-1 / 20 of the perimeter length of the ingot), since with a larger width of the crimping element it is necessary to significantly increase the drive power and in addition, the side parts of the ingot peel are injured, and with a smaller width of 11e, too large grooves in the ingot wall are obtained, which are difficult to remove during forging or rolling the ingot.

To eliminate the influx of metal on the upper face of the ingot, as a result of the pressure of the crimping element on this face, on the working surface of the crimping element, a protrusion 6 is made towards the ingot at the metal level, while the lower surface of the protrusion forms an angle o, preferably 80- 110 C. At an angle, the protrusion at the end of crimping cuts into the upper surface of the ingot, and at an angle of 110 °, the metal of the remaining gc remains noticeable.

In order that the recess in the wall of the ingot, formed as a result of the action of the crimping element, not be too large and would not affect the subsequent forging or rolling, the device may contain two or more chambers with its own crimping elements. At the same time, the chambers can be located at different heights and come into operation sequentially, which reduces the required value of pressure P.

In order to improve the cooling of the crimping element, an opening 7 is made in the rear wall of the chamber. To prevent metal from being poured into the gaps between the chamber walls and the crimping element and for this reason the seals the crimping element to jam, these gaps are filled with refractory material 8 (clay, molding sand, etc.). A device for producing an ingot in the form of a mold with a variable internal volume and a drive for crimping an ingot allows one to obtain stationary ingots with practically no head shrinkage and thereby increase the yield of the suitable one.

The design of the device is simple and inexpensive and can be used both in small foundries, where the use of continuous casting devices is irrational, and in obtaining heavy forging ingots.

Claims (3)

1. An apparatus for producing an ingot comprising a mold with at least one open-top kaA-A five ABOUT x; -G FIG. 2 a measure located in the upper part of the mold, characterized in that, in order to reduce the shrinkage of the shrink shell, the axial porosity of the ingot and increase the yield, the chamber is open into the mold cavity and the device is equipped with a driving sealing element, the width of which is 1/8 - 1/20 of the perimeter of the internal cavity of the mold in its upper part, located in the chamber, the height of which is 1/2 - 1/5 of the height of the cavity molds. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal section of the driving sealing element is C-shaped. 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part on the working surface of the driving sealing element there is an i-protrusion, the lower surface of which forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the drive sealing element equal to VO-PO C. (t / s3