SU1502811A1 - Method and apparatus for extinguishing fire of gas and oil gushers - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for extinguishing fire of gas and oil gushers Download PDF

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Publication number
SU1502811A1
SU1502811A1 SU853949503A SU3949503A SU1502811A1 SU 1502811 A1 SU1502811 A1 SU 1502811A1 SU 853949503 A SU853949503 A SU 853949503A SU 3949503 A SU3949503 A SU 3949503A SU 1502811 A1 SU1502811 A1 SU 1502811A1
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USSR - Soviet Union
Prior art keywords
gas
oil
liquid phase
flow
possibility
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SU853949503A
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Russian (ru)
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Анатолий Григорьевич Бочков
Анатолий Филиппович Иванов
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Высшая инженерная пожарно-техническая школа
Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны
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Priority to SU853949503A priority Critical patent/SU1502811A1/en
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Publication of SU1502811A1 publication Critical patent/SU1502811A1/en

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Abstract

Изобретение относитс  к пожаротушению и может быть использовано дл  локализации любых высокотемпературных струй газов, образующихс  при горении различных материалов. Цель - повышение эффективности тушени  за счет возможности создани  двухфазного потока и термобарического воздействи  на его жидкую фазу. Дл  этого образуют двухфазный поток огнетушащей жидкости путем торможени  ее совместно с фонтанирующей струей газо- и нефтепродуктов и одновременно создают условие, при котором Tр *98 TS(PS), где Tр - равновесна  т-ра жидкой фазы, а TS - т-ра насыщени  пара при давлении P. Жидка  фаза - вода-подаетс  по трубопроводу 1 через кольцевой незамкнутый коллектор 2 и установленные на нем распылители 3 в камеру 8 смешени , образованную коническим корпусом, состо щим из подвижной 5 и неподвижной 4 частей, установленных соосно с возможностью вращени  относительно одна другой. Образующийс  двухфазный поток частично тормозитс  с помощью преграждающего элемента 9. Отношение его высоты к его гидравлическому диаметру находитс  в пределах 1÷7. Капли воды в результате термобарического воздействи  на поток вскипают и интенсивно испар ютс  за счет теплового взрыва. 2 с.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.The invention relates to fire suppression and can be used to localize any high temperature gas jets produced during the combustion of various materials. The goal is to increase the efficiency of quenching due to the possibility of creating a two-phase flow and thermobaric effect on its liquid phase. For this, a two-phase flow of extinguishing fluid is formed by braking it together with a flowing stream of gas and oil products and at the same time creating a condition in which T p * 98 T S (P S ), where T p is the equilibrium t-ra of the liquid phase, and T S - steam saturation tress at pressure P. Liquid phase - water is supplied through pipeline 1 through an annular open collector 2 and sprayers 3 mounted on it to mixing chamber 8 formed by a conical case consisting of mobile 5 and fixed 4 parts installed coaxially with the possibility of rotation relative to one and the other. The resulting two-phase flow is partially inhibited by the blocking element 9. The ratio of its height to its hydraulic diameter is in the range of 1 to 7. Droplets of water as a result of thermobaric effect on the flow boil and intensively evaporate due to a thermal explosion. 2 sec. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

315315

11:к Г1ргтгние относитс  к области 1л::жар) 1 ушени , в частности к туше-- нию lasoBbK, нефт 1{ь х и газонефт ных фонтмни.р тощих скважин, а так- же может Оыть использовано дл  :1ок. любых высокотемпературных струй газов, образующихс  при горении различных материалов, образующихс  на производствах химиче- с кой .ШIлeннocти и т.п.11: refers to the field of 1l :: heat) 1 of the ear, in particular, lasoBbK, oil 1 {x and gas and oil oil springs, and may also be used for: 1ok. any high-temperature jets of gases formed during the combustion of various materials formed in the production of chemical. POWERING, etc.

Целью Ч1зобретени   вл етс  позы- шение эффективности тушени  за счет возможности создани  двухфазного потока и термобарического воздейст- ВИЯ ма его жидкую фазу.The purpose of the invention is to extinguish the effectiveness of quenching due to the possibility of creating a two-phase flow and thermobaric effect of its liquid phase.

Сущность способа заключаетс  в образовании двухфазного потока огне- тушащей жидкости путем торможени  ее совместно с фонтанирующей струей нефтепродуктов дл  создани  условий термобарического воздействи  на ог- нетушащую жидкость. Последнее заключаетс  в том, что распьшенное огне- тушащее вещество, например вода, по- пада  в струю газа, на начальном участке движени  прогреваетс  от начальной температуры Т до максимално возможной равновесной температуры Тр , соответствующей температуре газа Tji и давлению насыщени  паров этого огнетушащего вещества в потоке PS ,The essence of the method consists in the formation of a two-phase flow of extinguishing fluid by decelerating it together with a flowing jet of petroleum products to create the conditions for thermobaric effect on the extinguishing fluid. The latter is that a fire extinguishing agent, such as water, falling into a gas jet, in the initial part of the motion warms up from the initial temperature T to the maximum possible equilibrium temperature Tp corresponding to the temperature of the gas Tji and the vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent in PS stream

При частичном торможении потока происходит перераспределение давле- ПИЯ и, следовательно,нарушаетс  термодинамическое равновесие в двухфазном потоке, так как в силу инер1щ- ониости процесса охлаждени  температура капли Тр становитс  больше температуры Т насыщени  паров,соответствующей давлению их насьш1ени  в потоке РГ .With a partial deceleration of the flow, the pressure redistribution occurs and, therefore, the thermodynamic equilibrium in the two-phase flow is disturbed, since due to the inertia of the cooling process, the drop temperature Tp becomes higher than the saturation temperature T of the vapor corresponding to the pressure of their vapor in the SG flow.

При Тр Т;(Рд) происходит мгновенное вскипание капли, что обеспечивает эффект тушени  за счет одновременного снижени  температуры пламени и паровой изол ции факела от кислорода воздуха.At Tp; (Rd), an instantaneous boil up of the droplet occurs, which provides the effect of extinguishing due to a simultaneous decrease in the temperature of the flame and the vapor insulation of the flame from air oxygen.

На чертеже изображено устройствоThe drawing shows the device

дл  тушени  фонтана.to extinguish the fountain.

Устройство содержит подвод щий трубопровод 1, кольцевой незамкнуты коллектор 2, распылители 3, кониче- ский корпус, состо иц 1й из неподвижной 4 и подвижной 5 частей, упор-фисатор 6. 1-ибкий привод 7 вращени  подвижной части конического корпуThe device contains a supply pipe 1, an annular open collector 2, sprays 3, a conical case, the 1st unit consists of a fixed 4 and a movable 5 parts, an emphasis-6. 1-ibid drive 7 of rotation of the movable part of the conical building

0 0

5 five

0 5 0 0 5 0

е Q e Q

00

е e

5five

са, камеру 8 смещени  и прегрлждаю- |ци1 1 элемент 9.ca, the displacement chamber 8 and the pre- | 1 element 9.

Устройство работает следуюшлм образ ом „The device works as the next image „

Устройство, установленное, например , на шасси самоходной установки и соединенное подвод щим трубопроводом 1 с источником воды, надвигают на устье фонтана так,чтобы незамкнутый коллектор 2 с распылител ми 3 и неподвижной частью 4 корпуса, совмещенные с подвижной частью 5 упором-захватом 6, достиг трубы усть  скважины . Затем поворотом с помощью гидравлического гибкого привода 7 подвижной части 5 вокруг оси замыкают контур камеры 8 смешени . Торможение потока с малыми скорост ми в устройстве обеспечиваетс  дополнительным преграждающим элементом 9, например решеткой, соплом и гидроцилиндром. После этого подают воду. Образующийс  двухфазный поток частично тормозитс  с помощью преграждающего элемента , при этом капли воды в результате термобарического воздействи  на поток вскипают и интенсивно за счет теплового взрыва испар ютс . Термобарическое воздействие - это воздействие, св занное с изменением температуры и давлени  в потоке.A device installed, for example, on a self-propelled unit chassis and connected by a supply pipe 1 with a water source, is thrust over the mouth of a fountain so that an open collector 2 with sprays 3 and a fixed part 4 of the body, combined with a moving part 5 by an emphasis-gripper 6 reached the wellhead pipe. Then, turning with the help of a hydraulic flexible drive 7 of the movable part 5 around the axis, close the contour of the mixing chamber 8. The slowing down of the flow at low speeds in the device is provided by an additional blocking element 9, for example a grill, a nozzle and a hydraulic cylinder. After that water is served. The resulting two-phase flow is partially inhibited with the help of a blocking element, while the water droplets boil as a result of the thermobaric effect on the flow and are intensely evaporated due to the thermal explosion. Thermobaric exposure is an effect associated with changes in temperature and pressure in a stream.

Чтобы перед тепловым в.зрывом капли успевали прогретьс  до максимальной равновесной температуры, воду надо подавать не ближе 200 - 300 мм до этой зоны термобарического воздействи  на поток или камеры смешени  устройства. Кроме того, отношение высоты преграждающего элемента , который может быть цилиндрической обечайкой, отверсти ми в решетке и др., к его гидравлическому диаметру (1/d) должно находитьс  в соотношении 1:7.In order for the droplets to warm up to the maximum equilibrium temperature before the thermal explosion, water must be supplied no closer than 200-300 mm to this zone of thermobaric effect on the flow or mixing chamber of the device. In addition, the ratio of the height of the blocking element, which may be a cylindrical shell, openings in the grid, etc., to its hydraulic diameter (1 / d) must be in the ratio 1: 7.

При меньшем соотношении 1/d не достигаетс  необходимога перепада давлени  в струе двухфазного потока , обеспечивающего условие термобарического воздействи  и получени  эффекта теплового взрыва капель при прохождении его сквозь преграду , а увеличение 1/d больше 7 нецелесообразно ввиду возможного запирани  канала, снижени  скорости потока и, как следствие, снижени  эффективности испарени  капель.With a smaller ratio of 1 / d, the pressure drop in the two-phase flow is not necessary, which ensures the thermobaric effect and the effect of the thermal explosion of droplets as it passes through the obstacle, and an increase of 1 / d is more than 7 impractical because of the possible blockage of the channel, reduction of the flow rate and, as a result, reducing the evaporation efficiency of the droplets.

Claims (2)

1. Способ тушени  пожаров газовых , нефт ных и нефтегазовых фонтанов , включающий подачу огнетушащего вещества в фонтанирующую струю газа и нефтепродуктов на устье скважины и осуществление торможени , о т- личающийс  тем, что, с целью повышени  эффективности тушени  за счет возможности создани  двухфазного потока и термобарического воздействи  на его жидкую фазу , осуществл ют торможение образовавшегос  потока фонтанирующей струи газа и нефтепродуктов совместно с огнетушащим веществом и одновременно создают условие, при котором Тр TjCPj), где Тр - равновесна  температура жидкой фазы, а Tj - температура насъщени  пара при давлении Р- .1. A method of extinguishing fires of gas, oil and oil and gas fountains, including the supply of a fire extinguishing agent into the flowing stream of gas and oil products at the wellhead and braking, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to increase the efficiency of extinguishing, due to thermobaric effect on its liquid phase, braking the resulting flow of a flowing stream of gas and oil products together with a fire extinguishing agent and simultaneously creating a condition in which Tp T jCPj), where Tp is the equilibrium temperature of the liquid phase, and Tj is the vapor saturation temperature at pressure P-. 10ten 1515 2020 116116 2. Устройство дл  тушени  пожаров газовых, нефт ных и нефтегазовых фонтанов, содержащее конический корпус с преграждающим элементом, кольцевой незамкнутый коллектор с установленными на нем распылител ми и упором-фиксатором и подвод щий трубопровод , отличающеес  тем, что, с целью повьш1ени  эффективности тушени  за счет возможности создани  двухфазного потока и термобарического воздействи  на его жидкую фазу, конический корпус выполнен из двух частей, установленных соосно с возможностью вращени  одна относительно другой, а отношение высоты преграждающего элемента к его гидравлическому диаметру находитс  в соотношении 1-7.2. A device for extinguishing fires of gas, oil and oil and gas fountains, comprising a conical case with a blocking element, an annular open collector with sprayers installed on it and an anvil-stop and supply pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of extinguishing account the possibility of creating a two-phase flow and thermobaric effect on its liquid phase, the conical body is made of two parts installed coaxially with the possibility of rotation one relative to the other, and the ratio The height of the blocking element to its hydraulic diameter is in the ratio of 1-7.
SU853949503A 1985-05-23 1985-05-23 Method and apparatus for extinguishing fire of gas and oil gushers SU1502811A1 (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4109010A1 (en) * 1991-03-19 1991-10-17 Peter Mickenbecker Equipment for extinguishing burning oil-wells - by surrounding burning area with material that prevents or restricts entry of air
DE4107492A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-10 Cohausz Helge B Extinguishing fires at oil and gas outlets, partic. in oil and gas boring - involves turning cup-shaped container upside-down over the outlet
DE4108248A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-17 Friedhelm Dipl Ing Kuehnapfel Method of extinguishing fire in building - involves sealing all openings with sheet of flame resistant material
DE4111738A1 (en) * 1991-04-06 1992-10-08 Taher Erabi Appts. for extinguishing oil well fires in sandy terrain - used to smother flame and uses integral cooling units to quickly reduce temp. of the immediate area
DE4114119A1 (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-05 Franz Hoersting Simple device for extinguishing fires - consists of bag of fire-resistant material which is filled with sand and is dropped on seat of fire
DE4126540A1 (en) * 1991-08-10 1993-02-11 Helmut Bauhof Sealing arrangement for burning oil well - comprises assembly of rings joined by solidified tin which can be carried by plane or helicopter
DE202010009172U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Vorrichtuzng, which is to seal an oil well
DE202010009170U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device intended to seal an oil hole
DE202010009169U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close an oil hole
DE202010009171U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close a broken oil hole
DE202010009168U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close a damaged oil well
DE102010025053A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2012-12-06 Kastriot Merlaku Device for closing defective oil well, has probe which consists of hollow vessel, particularly hollow cylinder, whose diameter is smaller than bore, and elastically closed vessel or pressure chamber is provided
DE102010024074A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Watertight-sheathing for sealing oil borehole, has high pressure pipe and high pressure generator that are coupled with closing mechanism, and eyelets formed in ring, where sheathing is drawn over oil borehole through eyelets
DE102010024071A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for closing oil drill hole, has probe made of heat conductive material, storage tank coupled with pumping system, insulating layer formed in walls of liquid lines and exhibiting thermal insulation, and controller controlling outlets
DE102010025256A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for sealing oil well on e.g. land, has high pressure line and high pressure generator coupled to narrowing mechanism/closing mechanism, and set of eyelets or other holding devices is arranged over cover utilized for oil bore
DE102010024070A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for forming oil drilling hole under sea water, has thermal insulating layer that is formed in walls of liquid lines

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Авторское свидетельство СССР 955945, кл. Е 21 В 35/00, 1980. Авторское свидетельство СССР 37025, кл. Е 21 В 35/00, 1961. *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4107492A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-10 Cohausz Helge B Extinguishing fires at oil and gas outlets, partic. in oil and gas boring - involves turning cup-shaped container upside-down over the outlet
DE4108248A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-17 Friedhelm Dipl Ing Kuehnapfel Method of extinguishing fire in building - involves sealing all openings with sheet of flame resistant material
DE4109010A1 (en) * 1991-03-19 1991-10-17 Peter Mickenbecker Equipment for extinguishing burning oil-wells - by surrounding burning area with material that prevents or restricts entry of air
DE4111738A1 (en) * 1991-04-06 1992-10-08 Taher Erabi Appts. for extinguishing oil well fires in sandy terrain - used to smother flame and uses integral cooling units to quickly reduce temp. of the immediate area
DE4114119A1 (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-05 Franz Hoersting Simple device for extinguishing fires - consists of bag of fire-resistant material which is filled with sand and is dropped on seat of fire
DE4126540A1 (en) * 1991-08-10 1993-02-11 Helmut Bauhof Sealing arrangement for burning oil well - comprises assembly of rings joined by solidified tin which can be carried by plane or helicopter
DE202010009168U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close a damaged oil well
DE102010024071A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for closing oil drill hole, has probe made of heat conductive material, storage tank coupled with pumping system, insulating layer formed in walls of liquid lines and exhibiting thermal insulation, and controller controlling outlets
DE202010009169U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close an oil hole
DE202010009171U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device that can close a broken oil hole
DE202010009172U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Vorrichtuzng, which is to seal an oil well
DE102010025053A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2012-12-06 Kastriot Merlaku Device for closing defective oil well, has probe which consists of hollow vessel, particularly hollow cylinder, whose diameter is smaller than bore, and elastically closed vessel or pressure chamber is provided
DE102010024074A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Watertight-sheathing for sealing oil borehole, has high pressure pipe and high pressure generator that are coupled with closing mechanism, and eyelets formed in ring, where sheathing is drawn over oil borehole through eyelets
DE202010009170U1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-12-02 Merlaku, Kastriot Device intended to seal an oil hole
DE102010025256A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for sealing oil well on e.g. land, has high pressure line and high pressure generator coupled to narrowing mechanism/closing mechanism, and set of eyelets or other holding devices is arranged over cover utilized for oil bore
DE102010024070A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-02-20 Kastriot Merlaku Device for forming oil drilling hole under sea water, has thermal insulating layer that is formed in walls of liquid lines
DE102010025227A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-03-13 Kastriot Merlaku Device that can close a faulty oil well
DE102010025053B4 (en) 2010-06-17 2023-02-23 Kastriot Merlaku Device that can close a broken oil well
DE102010025227B4 (en) 2010-06-17 2023-03-23 Kastriot Merlaku Device that can close a defective oil well
DE102010024071B4 (en) 2010-06-17 2023-05-25 Kastriot Merlaku Device capable of shutting off an oil well

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