SU1497184A1 - Method of granulating fertilizers based on manure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of organic fertilizer based on manure and can be used in agriculture. The aim of the invention is to simplify the technology and reduce energy costs. In the method, the manure is removed from the livestock houses and piled up for composting within 60-70 days. After 30-35 days of storage, the mass is stirred. In the composting process, the moisture content of the manure is reduced to 50-60%. Next, the manure is mixed with mineral fertilizers and extruded through a profiling grate under a pressure of 0.6-0.9 kg / cm ² , after which the mass of granules descending from the grate is powdered with milled plant residues. The method allows to simplify the technology and reduce energy consumption by 33-34%. In addition, in the granulation process, manure retains its physical, chemical and biological properties due to the exclusion of exposure to high temperatures. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the production of organic fertilizer based on manure and can be used in agriculture.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the technology and reduce the energy cost.

The drawing shows an installation diagram for implementing the method.

Example. The manure is removed from the livestock houses by the manure conveyors. The moisture content of the removed mass in the litter keeping of animals is 75-80%. The removed mass is stored in piles, where it is kept under a canopy for 60-70 days. After 30-35 days storage mass is mixed to dehydrate.

Granulation by the proposed method is based on the ability of the manure to be molded, self-gluing. This ability is dependent on moisture. Granulation at a mass fraction of moisture of 25-30% gives low granule strength: they are scattered due to poor adhesion. When the mass fraction of moisture is more than 70%, the fluidity of the mass is observed, it is not formed, the granules are non-uniform.

Optimal formability is observed when manure is stored for about 2 months. During this time, some of the

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It drains and evaporates, while another part is absorbed by plant residues and participates in their hydrolysis. The remaining moisture of the manure (50-60%) allows granulation and granules with certain characteristics.

The results of the influence of the storage time of the manure on the quality of the granules and energy consumption are tabulated.

When the moisture of the manure reaches 50-60%, a gel of 10 tons of manure is supplied to the grain mixer-mixture and the calculated amount

30 or more 0.6 kg / cm does not give the granules the necessary strength and they are easily destroyed. With a pressure of more than 0.9 kg / / cm

energy waste is consumed.

35 Dusting powdered mineral fertilizers. For example, under an ohm (fraction size 0.01–0.005 mm) 10 tons of manure, 150 kg of pellets having a temperature of 30–90 ° С and sulfate from a granulator and a moisture content of 30–90 ° C are added to the barley. potassium, 39 kg of urea. Fragmentation of 30–40% allows reducing moisture by 10% and creating a hydrophobic shell that prevents the granularity of the granules. This occurs due to the fact that the fine powder swells on contact of e5 with a hot wet surface and forms on the surface a solid adhesive coating, and after cooling, a hard crust.

The mixer is fed into the granulator by the conveyor. Due to the pressing of the mixture in the granulator and the effect of fertilizers, the granules come out with a humidity of 30-40% and a temperature of about 80 ° C. At the exit they are powdered with plant residue at a rate of 2% (parts by weight) and within 3-4 minutes they are vehicle on the conveyor, where cool. Then, the granules are stored in the dp bins of the finished product or packed in bags.

The method can be implemented using the installation, which operates as follows.

Manure is loaded into a receiving bin 1 at a humidity of 50-60%. Manure is loaded without prior to the removal of pulp from dispenser 2, where mineral fertilizers can be added.

from the dispenser 3. Screw 4 mixes this mass and delivers to the profiling grid 5, through which the mass under

pressure of 0.6-0.9 kg / cm is squeezed out, acquiring a cylindrical shape. On the axis of the auger on the outside of the mesh, a knife-granulator 6 is reinforced, which, when rotated, cuts the pulping mass into sections of cylindrical shape with a length of 3-5 mm. The diameter of the hole in the grid is 3.5-4.0 mm. The granules are fed to the receiver 7, where they dust the vegetable powder from the sprayer 8. When the moisture content of the organic mass is below permissible, the water dispenser 9 is switched on to moisten the mass to the optimum moisture threshold.

If the pressure of the pressed mass exceeds the optimal threshold of 0.6-0.9 kg / cm and an emergency situation occurs, the pressure sensor 10 is triggered, all the metering units are turned off and the screw

first idle, and if necessary, turn off the electric motor 11 connected to the screw through the reduction gear 12.

Pressing the mass with a pressure of less than 0.6 kg / cm does not give the granules the necessary strength and they are easily destroyed. With a pressure of more than 0.9 kg / cm

energy waste is consumed.

5 Dusting with vegetable powder (size of fractions 0.01-0.005 mm) granules having a temperature at the outlet of the granulator 80-90 C and wet

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30–40% reduces the moisture by 10% and creates a hydrophobic shell that prevents the granularity of the granules. This is due to the fact that the fine powder swells on contact 5 with a hot wet surface and forms on the surface, first a continuous adhesive coating, and after cooling, a hard crust.

The proposed method allows to obtain granules without exposure to high temperatures and to preserve the physical, chemical and biological properties of manure, since the microflora remains useful during the drying process, as well as to simplify the technology and reduce energy costs.

The cost savings for the production of granules in accordance with the proposed method is 33-34%.

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Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of granulating fertilizer on the basis of manure, including mixing manure with mineral fertilizers mts, extruding the resulting mass through a core grate and subsequent drying of the convergent mass of the pellets, characterized in that In order to reduce energy consumption, before mixing with mineral fertilizers, manure is composted in piles with periodic mixing until a moisture content of 50–60% is reached, extrusion is carried out at a pressure of Q, 6–0.9 kg / cm, and drying of the mass of granules powders with their ground plant debris. / f f2 h | / g . WELL luanuDE i hippppt