SU1491197A1 - Device for penetrating logging examinations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of geophysics and can be used in engineering and geological research of soils, including marine. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the results of penetration and logging studies and their performance, which is achieved through automated processing of information in real time by using a set of measured parameters from strain gauges and radiometric sensors, bringing this information to uniform depth horizons. on the ground. The device comprises a penetration probe with sensors, an indentation mechanism, a control unit and a processing unit associated with the sensors. The first, second and third logical elements And, (the first and second binary pulse counters, a quartz pulse generator, the first and second programmable timers, adapters with the system bus, the central processor, and the operative and constant -, memory device. Software and information processing algorithm provide the conversion of measurement information for the calculation of the construction characteristics in real time. to soils. 3 yl. g W ij from

Description

The invention relates to the field of geophysics and can be used in the study of the physicomechanical characteristics of soils by logging in engineering geological surveys.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy and productivity of work by automating the processing of measurement information.

one

in real time on a complex of measured parameters with its reduction to uniform horizons of research on the ground.

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the device; figure 2 - block diagram of the algorithm; Fig. 3 shows the sequence of impulses for controlling the process of collecting information for radiometric

channels and matching it with the process of entering information into the central processor.

The device consists of a probe 1 pressing-out mechanism, in which a sensor 2 probing depth marks are placed, a penetration-carriage probe 3, in which measuring sensors 4-7 are placed according to the natural gamma radiation of the soil, the bulk density of the soil, detectable gamma-gamma by the method of scattered in the soil gamma radiation from the source, specific friction T on the lateral surface of the probe, specific frontal resistance R indentation of the cone, information processing unit 8, which contains the first, second and third logical elements And 9-11, respectively, a crystal oscillator 12, differential amplifiers 13 and 14 DC voltage, the first and second programmable timers 15 and 16, analog-to-digital converters ADC 17 and 18, the first and second binary counters 19 and 20, adapters 21-27, system memory 28, random access memory 29, central processor 30, constant storage device 31, adapter 32, registration block 33 and control block 34 with mode switch 35.

The signals from the sensors 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are supplied to the information processing unit 8 via parallel identical channels. The signal from the sensor 2 marks the depth of sounding is applied to one of the inputs of the three-input first logic element AND 9, the output of which through adapter 2 is connected to system cable 2B, the second and third inputs of the first logical element And 9 are connected respectively to the outputs of the first channels of the first and second programmable timers 15 and 16, the signal from the sensor of natural gamma radiation 4 is supplied to one of the inputs of the two-input second logic element AND 10, the output of which is connected to the counting input of the first binary counter 19, connected via the output of the adapter 23 to the system pin 28, the second VH9D of the second logic element AND 10, the reset input to zero of the first binary counter 19 and the information recording input to the adapter 23 are connected

respectively, with the outputs of the first, second and third channels of the first programmable timer 15 connected via adapter 22 to the central processor 30 via the system bus 28. The signal from the volume and mass sensor 5 is similarly supplied to the circuit consisting of the third logic element AND 1I, the second binary counter 20, the second programmable timer 16, adapters 24 and 25, Clocked input of programmable timers 15 and 16 are connected to the output of the quartz generator 12, Sensors 6 and 7 of the specific friction on the side surface and specific frontal ground resistance through differential amplifiers 13 and 14 DC voltage, analog-digital converters 17 and 18, adapters 26 and 27, respectively, are also connected to the central processor 30 via the system bus 28. The central processor 30 is connected to the random access memory (RAM) 29 and a read-only memory (ROM) 31, as well as via the system bus 28 and the adapter 32 — with a recording unit 33. The first and second terminals of the mode switch 35 of the control unit 34, on which a signal appears respectively pressed or extracting the probe are connected to the respective chains mechanism I -izvlecheni indentation probe and through the adapter 21 and a system bus 28 - to the CPU 30.

The algorithm of the device provides the following operations and the solution of the following tasks (see figure 2).

1. The start of the conversion and processing mode is initiated by an algorithm block 36, which checks the status of the switch 34 of the control block 34, if the switch is in the Indented position, the probe indentation mode Yes is on and the transition to subsequent operations is performed.

2. The organization of the control signals in accordance with FIG. 3 is provided by algorithm blocks 37, 38 and 39,

where blocks 37 and 38 respectively write to programmable timers 15 and 16 of the control layers defining their operation modes (programming timers), and block 39

5I49II

provides start of timer modes 15 and 16.

3. The input of measurement information with reduction to a single mark of the depth of g sounding is initiated by the algorithm block 40, providing an analysis of the presence of a signal from the sensor of depth tags 2; in the presence of a signal

Yes, the order count is generated.

the numbers of its arrival (algorithm block 41) and comparison with the numbers K, L and filled respectively by the blocks of algorithm 42, the numbers K, L and M correspond to the constructive distances of the sensors 6, 5 and 4 of the specific lateral weight, bulk density and natural gamma of the background from the sensor 7 of the specific drag, expressed in the number of signals from the sensor 2, the depth marks of the sounding.

4. Converting information from resistivity sensor 7 to digital form and bringing it to common horizons of research on the ground, i.e. an entry in the strictly defined registers of RAM-29, provided by the blocks of the algorithm 43-47; block 43 provides a signal

to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 18, block 44 provides control of data readiness of ADC 18, block 45 provides information to the register of RAM-29 with address number S, block 46 provides preparation of the address code of the register of RAM-29, increasing the number S to the number P, corresponding to the number of measuring channels (in the device P 4), block 47 provides data output to the analog recorder that is part of the recording unit 33.

5. Conversion of information from the sensor 6 specific lateral friction

Digitized and brought to a uniform ground investigation horizons are provided by algorithm blocks 48-52: block 48 provides the control signal for ADC 17, block 49, provides control of data readiness of ADC 17, block 50 provides for recording information into the RAM register 29 s address number S - I, block 51 provides preparation of the next address of the register of RAM-29, increasing the number S 1 by the number P corresponding to the number of measuring channels, block 52 provides data output to analog pierHCT-

g

0

50

five

0 5 0

5 5

976

Rator, part of the registration block 33.

6. Input of information from the sensor 5 of the bulk ground of the soil, represented in digital form, and bringing it to the uniform horizons of research on the ground, is provided by the algorithm blocks 53-55, block 53 provides for recording information in the RAM register 29

with address number 5 + 2, block 54 provides preparation of the next address of RAM register 29, increasing the number S + 2 by the number P, corresponding to the number of measurement channels, block 55 provides data output to the analog recorder included in the registration block 33,

Before the algorithm block 53, the block 40 is turned on, which provides data input to the RAM 29 only if there is a signal at the output of the logic element 9, which eliminates the input of false information when overwriting information from counters 19 and 20, respectively, into adapters 23 and 25.

7. Input of information from sensor 4 of natural gamma radiation and bringing it to common horizons of research on the ground is provided by the algorithm blocks 56-58: block 56 provides for recording information into the RAM register 29 with the address number S + 3,

block 57 provides an increase in the address number S 3 by the number P ,, block 58 provides the output of data to the analog recorder that is part of the registration block 33; Before the algorithm block 56, block 40 is turned on, which ensures coordination of information input modes from adapter 23 and recording new information in the adapter 23.

8, Real-time measurement information processing is provided by algorithm blocks 59-65: block 59 provides selection of information from RAM 29 grouped relative to the first horizon by ground, calculating the ratio of specific drag to specific lateral friction R / T and preparing the addressing to select information from RAM 29, grouped for the next horizon along the ground; block 60 provides for an associative search on the current values of the R / T ratio and the natural gamma background of the closest gradation of the rpjt type from the gradations of soil types, stored in the ROM 31, i.e. determining the type of soil for the current study horizon; block 61 provides the calculation of the deformation modulus E oiR, the value of the coefficient rf is selected from the ROM 31 in the corresponding. with the established type of soil; block 62 provides for the calculation of the porosity coefficient for the current I value of the bulk mass of the soil and the value of the specific mass of rock-forming minerals selected from the ROM 31 in accordance with a particular type of soil; block 63 ensures finding the ratio / b; block 64 provides a selection of the closest to a certain

the ratio of the table value of the values stored in the ROM. 31 for a certain type of soil and the corresponding standard values of the angle of internal friction (and coupling C; block 65 provides for placing in RAM 29 values of E, 4f, C and a code for a certain type of soil. Information processing begins only when information from all sensors grouped relatively

first horizon, so before the block of algorithm 59, the block of algorithm 66 is turned on.

9. Displaying all information related to all horizons of the ground section research is provided by block 67, the algorithm, which is provided by block 68, monitors the installation of mode 35 of the control unit 34 to the probe extraction position, which corresponds to the end of the probe indentation mode. , the end of production measurement and information processing.

The device for peethe- ary-research studies functions as follows. When the device is connected to the supply voltage, the central processor 30 starts performing an analysis operation of the mode switch 35, the control unit 34, provided by the operation algorithm block 36, when the mode switch 435 is set to the push position, the control signal is fed to the probe 1 push mechanism and starts the indentation of the probe 3 into the ground, which corresponds to the transition, Yes block 36 of the algorithm work. Central npouectop 30 performs

0

five

0

five

WITH

five

0

five

0

five

the operations provided by the blocks 37, 38 and 39 of the operation algorithm, i.e. the programming of the operation modes of the timers 15, 46 and their start-up (connection of the control inputs of the timers to the central processor and the writing of control words into them) takes place. On the outputs of each of the three channels of the timers 15 and 16, respectively, three time-distributed pulse sequences 69, 70 and 71 are generated (see FIG. 3), where 69 is a sequence of reset pulses to zero binary counters 19 and 20, 70 is a sequence of pulses . recording information from the outputs of binary counters 19 and 20. in the corresponding adapters 23 and 25, 71 are the blocking pulses of logic elements And 10 and 11, respectively, with the time period between the leading and falling edges of the pulses blocking the pulse sequence 71 being the exposure time Tj j radiometric channels, during which statistical counts are generated by binary counters 19 and 20. Pulse sequences 69, 70 and 71 are formed by timers 15 and 16 from a sequence of clock and pulses 72 at the output of the crystal oscillator 12 and designed for specifying the exposure time of each of the channels by radiometric sensors 4 and 5, the control information overwriting process of the counters 19 and 20 to their respective. adapters 23 and 25, resetting the counters 19 and 20, as well as blocking the logic elements 10 and I1, respectively, and the logic element 9 at the time of information rewriting.

Information at the output of sensors 4 and 5 of natural gamma radiation of the soil and the bulk density of the soil is presented in the form of randomly distributed electrical pulses in time, and at the output of sensors 7 and 6 of drag and side friction in analog form (DC voltage) Therefore, coercion to a single digital form consists in statistical ttaCoi e information (the counting of electrical pulses over a set exposure time) for radiometric measurement channels and cyclic anomaly.

jioi o-digit ripenfipzop n pc of analog measurement channels.

Discrete input of information into the RAM 29 is associated with detail in the ground and usually satisfies the detail of the ground, with a gap of 3 cm, which corresponds to the sounding time (at a nominal sounding speed of 100 cm / min) for about 3 s. Thus, if you set a discrete input of information every 5 cm of soil probing (every 5 cm of probing should come from the sensor of 2 probes of depth of probing), the information should be entered and processed in less than 3 seconds (the time margin should be about 30 %). With an average computer speed of 250 thousand operations per second, the task is accomplished.

The need to ensure certain priorities in the operation of functional units in the process of converting and entering information from sensors A-7 of radiometric and strain gauge channels into RAM 29 is due to the fact that there are two distributed and unsynchronized processes in time; statistical set of information of radiometric channels. For the exposure time, the exposure times for the channels measuring the natural gamma background and the bulk of the soil can be different and the recording of this information in the corresponding adapters 22 and 23; cyclical in time input of information of all measuring channels in the RAM 29 in the presence of a signal from the sensor 2 probing depth marks.

After performing the operations provided by the algorithm blocks 37-39, the central processor 30 proceeds to the analysis of the presence of a signal from the sensor 2 marks the depth of sounding and. Prior to the probe being pressed into the sensor soil, 2 sounding depth marks are found in the initial state, which

complies. The logical zero signal at its output, which corresponds to the absence of a signal from sensor 2, and the processor unit 30 performs the operation provided by block 40 of the operation algorithm, i.e. is in the mode of cyclic polling of the signal from the sensor 2 labels depth probing. By mayor indentation

(I

3 in 1 probe probe The tokdl sensors 7 begin to measure a param) etherm i-rumtp. First, the sensor 7 of the frontal resistance of the ground Pennp R starts the reaction of the soil, after some time (depth) the side friction sensor 6, then the ground mass sensor 4 and the natural gamma radiation sensor 4, e, e. Sensors located in the probe pass through the same soil horizon and different preamps. The process of inserting the probe, sensor G, the source of the depth of sounding, starts moving synchronously with the displacement of probe 3. It generates signals through different segments of the linear displacement of the probe 3 with the level of logic I when the magnetic mark passes through the pneumatically | rod bar past the sensing element sensor. Sensors 6 and 7 of frontal resistance and side friction transform the mechanical effects of the ground reaction into direct current voltages, which are amplified by the direct current amplifiers 13 and 1A, respectively, and are fed to the inputs of the analog digital drivers 17 and 18, which are intended to convert analog values to a numeric binary code when a control signal is applied from a central process 30 Sensor 5 of the bulk density of the soil detects gamma radiation scattered in the soil from the built-in probe 3 sources of gamma radiation, and the gamma radiation detector of sensor 4 detects the natural radioactive background of the soil. The output of the gamma-radiation detectors of the sensors Ai 5 contains voltage pulses, the number of which during the exposure time is related to the bulk density of the soil (sensor 5) and the natural gamma activity of the soil (sensor A). Pulse counting during the exposure is performed by binary counters 19 and 20. The process of statistical set of information and writing to the corresponding adapters 23 and 25 is established by a sequence of pulses 69, 70 and 71 at the output of the channels of the timers 15 and 16 shown in FIG. In order to avoid overlaps while simultaneously receiving signals to enter information and RAM 29 from sensor I MCTov. zoidyrani depths and ml rewriting of radiometric information in ZD Tppery 23 and 25 according to signals from programmable taymeron 15 and 16, priority is given to the process of rewriting information into adapters 23 and 25, and then already entering information in RAM 29.

Logic elements And 10 and 11 are designed to block the arrival of counting pulses at the input of the counter 19 and 20 at the moment of overwriting the information 1 and I adapters 23 and 25 and zeroing the counters 19 and 20, which prepares pa0 aet chipset and records false information.

When the first signal from the depth mark sensor 2 arrives, which corresponds to the nepFuiny horizon of the study of rpyirry, the central processor 30 performs the sequence of operation provided by the algorithm blocks 43-47, 66, 36 and the VS-KHi-i request is received. HajTa from the sensor 2 marks the depth. Performing these operations is equivalent to the measuring information from the sensor. 7 current resistance P in a numerical form in a certain cell of RAM 29. This operation will be complete; for about the next horizons of not driving on the ground, while in side-1 the sensor 6 of the side touch will not be inserted, which will correspond to the number of signals from the sensor The depth-of-sounding marks and the central proc-quarrel will move to the sequence of operations, provided by the blocks of the algorithm 41, 42, 30, 48, AZ-47, 66, 36.

Similarly, when reaching the first horizon of exploration on the ground with a sensor of 5 masses, the central processor processor 30 will switch to performing the sequence of operations provided for by block n of the algorithm 41 42, 73, 66, 40, 53-55, 48-52, 43-47, 65 and 36, and upon reaching the first research horizon on the ground by the sensor of natural gamma radiation 4 to the sequence of operations of the blocks of al1-orths 41, 42, 73.66, 40, 56-58, 40, 53-55, 4Я-52, 43-47 , 66, 59-65 and 36,

Tips 4–7 parameters are structurally located in a probe that isn’t OD1K1M u) 1pppe, which is located between: 1agci1: am 1 from within the sensor and can be expressed in the number of sensor signals of 2 probing depth marks. Those. The addresses of the 01RN cells 29 are known, in which information is placed corresponding to certain horizons on the ground, which is used when selecting information from RAM with T1, its processing.

0 In the course of performing the above operations by the central processor 30, information is recorded in the strictly defined cells of RAM 29 and grouped in accordance with the determined research horizons on the ground. Information processing itself begins when information from all sensors is entered into RAM 29 with respect to the first horizon.

0 soil studies, i.e. beginning with this cycle and for subsequent cycles, the central processor 30 performs the sequence of operations provided by the algorithm blocks.

5 59-65.

The process of probing, converting and processing information is suspended when the signal is stopped. Indentation from the switch 35

0 of the control unit 34 (the mode switch 35 is set to the middle position and is resumed when this signal is applied. When the mode switch 35 is set to the Retract position, a signal is sent to the mechanism 1 for pressing the probe to remove the probe 3 from the ground, which means the end of the modes for pressing the probe 3, information processing and processing, and the central processor 30 proceeds to perform operations on outputting the complex of information to digital registration, provided for by the block 67 of the algorithm. L 35 mode is provided executing operations provided 36i68 algorithm blocks.

The pulse sequences from the programmable timers 15 and 16 and the sensor 2 of the probing depth marks are not synchronized in time, therefore the signals dubbing the radiometric channel information to the adapters 23 and 25 can appear simultaneously

j with the input information signal in the RAM 29, which can lead to the recording of false information, to eliminate this mode, a logical element AND 9 is introduced, blocking the signal from

five

0

sensor 2 tags of the Glowing sounding when blocking signals from programmable timers 15 and 16 are obtained at the level of logic O at the time of overwriting information B adapters 23 and 25.

Adapters 21-27 and 32 are designed to provide software-controlled communication of peripheral devices to the system bus 28 of the central processor 30.

ROM 31 is designed to store numerical values of correlation coefficients v, numerical values of indicators corresponding to the established gradations of soil types, tables of numerical values for selecting standard values of indicators f and C in accordance with certain gradations of soil type, as well as the program of operation of the device in accordance with the lead algorithm of his work.

The recording unit 33 is intended for analog and digital recording of measurement data,

In the process of information processing, the suspicious physical and mechanical properties of the soil used in the calculations of the foundations of structures should be determined: E is the modulus of soil deformation; cf is the angle of internal friction; C is the adhesion; 5 is the coefficient of porosity of the soil.

The physicomechanical properties of the soil are determined on the basis of the measured current parameters of the properties of the soil, referred to as defined; divided horizon, empirical dependencies and normative values.

The modulus of soil deformation E is determined on the basis of the E-etR | where oL is the correlation coefficient depending on the type of soil:

but

dU

3.0 3.6 5.5 7.0

To determine the type of soil, the ratio of the specific drag R to the specific lateral friction T is calculated.

According to the third-party operations;: both the R / T and non-physical objects of the natural background make an associative

search in order to select the nearest type of soil from among the gradations of types of soil according to the corresponding indicators in the numerical expression stored in ROM 31.

For an associative search, the following variability limits were selected, corresponding to soil gradations:

Ground view

R / T ratio

Natural gamma-yu and w / kg. ten

25

The porosity coefficient is calculated based on

Y 9 W8G

 IfoSh

Ground view

measured value of the bulk of the soil mass; specific mass of rock-forming minerals, taken depending on the type of soil: At .g / cm

;

| 40

50

55

Sand 2,65 Sandy loam 2,66 Loam 2,70 Clay 2,75

The standard values of the internal friction angle tf and coupling C are determined by the values of the soil surface tension coefficient 6 and the soil deformation modulus E for a particular soil type, the standard value tables for certain soil types are numerically stored in ROM 31 and the indicators are selected Based on associative search, match current parameters with tabular.

The use of the device for penetration-logging studies will improve the reliability, quality of the results of penetration-cartographic studies, their informativeness and significantly increase the productivity of work due to the automatic optimization of the measurement information to the common research horizons, by choosing the type of soil from the predetermined gradations soil types according to more criteria, due to the provision of automated information processing in real time, due to necessary and sufficient completeness of the determination of physical and mechanical properties of the soil, using-. when calculating the bases of the structures, which will give an economic effect when introducing from a significant reduction in the labor intensity of the work and from a decrease in capital expenditures in the construction of the structures due to more complete and reliable information on the construction properties of soils

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for penetration-research, containing a mechanism for pressing-extracting the probe, a control unit with a mode switch connected by the first and second terminals to the corresponding circuits controlling the mode of the mechanism for pressing-extracting the probe, a measuring probe with sensors of specific frontal resistance, specific side friction, volumetric mass and natural gamma radiation of the soil, a processing unit connected via a TBDM communication line to the sensors of the measuring probe and including a recording unit, and akzhe series connected to windshield sensors resistance and lateral friction of the ground, respectively, the first and second voltage amplifiers of constant current and the first and second analog-to-digital converters, about the fact that, in order to improve the accuracy and performance by providing automated information processing 0 5 o five 0 g real-time on the complex of measured parameters with bringing it to single horizons of crawling on the ground, the mechanism of indentation-extraction of the probe is additionally equipped with a sensor of the probing depth of sounding, the first, second and third logical elements And, the first and second binary pulse counters, a crystal oscillator, first and second programmable timers, system bus adapters, system bus central processor and connected to non y operational memory and permanently-storage device is of at ztom to the CPU through sistemyuto. the bus and adapters are connected to the control inputs of the first and second programmable timers, as well as the outputs of the first and second binary counters and the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the recording unit, the first and second outputs of the control unit mode switch, and the programmable timers are connected to the output of the crystal oscillator, the outputs of the first channel, respectively, to the first inputs of the second and third logical elements And the second and third inputs of the first logical element And, The outputs of the second channel to the inputs of the first and second binary counters, and the outputs of the third channel to the inputs of the adapters connected to the corresponding binary counters, the first logical element AND included the sensor of the probing depth tags and the adapter with the system pin, the second logical element-AND is included between natural gamma radiation sensor and the first binary counter, and the third logical element And between the bulk density sensor and the second binary counter. Aicf "and : er . §00 gSgs (S l (about CM one