SU1467136A1 - Method of drying land in permafrost zone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to land reclamation and land preparation for agricultural needs or to obtain peat in permafrost zones. The purpose of the invention is to accelerate and improve the quality of drainage by stabilizing the thermal regime. To do this, after removing the drainage ditches, in the period of positive daily average outdoor temperatures and thawing of the surface layer, the soil is milled to a depth exceeding the depth of the thawed layer, while simultaneously mixing and aerating the soil, and the surface of the frozen layer under the treated soil layer is convex in the middle of the interchannel gap, the profile with a smooth decrease to the sides of the drainage ditches. With a defrosting depth of up to 0.1 m, an ambient air temperature below 5 s and a high moisture content of the permafrost layer, the milling is performed in layers with increasing depth of the milling layer during each subsequent cycle. To create slopes of 0.03-0.04 m in the direction of the drainage ditches with a distance between them of more than 20 m, the profile planning is carried out in stages, both before milling, and in the intervals between the layer-by-layer milling after temperature equalization in the treated layer. 2 hp f-ly, 4 ill. f sh (L

Description

I

The invention relates to land reclamation, in particular, to the drainage of land, mainly peat-bog soils for agricultural needs or for peat extraction in the permafrost zone.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate and improve the quality of drainage by stabilizing the thermal regime.

FIG. 1 shows the movement of the soil, taken out with the deepening of the channels to the middle of the inter-canal gap; in fig. 2 - continuous milling of the upper layer of soil; on fig.Z- additional movement of the soil to the middle of the interchannel gap for

increasing its tightness; 4 shows the final profile of the surface and the permafrost layer in the inter-flank spacing.

In the drained area (Fig. 1), mainly with peat-marsh soil 1, a network of drainage drainage channels 2 with a distance between them of more than 20 m otkrutsya. The channels are usually made in several stages, and as ice melts along the edge m channel 2 and its deepening removable soil 1 is moved to the middle of the inter-channel gap 3, thus forming the initial lowering of the surface of the soil

with od

Along the edges of the interchannel gap. With a small distance between the channels, this already creates a convex transverse profile of the site. At considerable distances, preliminary profiling of the site is possible. After the occurrence of positive average daily air temperatures (5-10 ° C and more) and thawing of the surface layer 4 of the soil to a depth of 0.1-0.2 m, continuous top milling of the top layer 5 of the soil to a depth of 0.2-0.6 m is performed ( Fig 2)

Such an operation can be performed by magines, which are close in design to machines for preparing a peat deposit for exploitation, intended for grinding wood inclusions in the soil. The milling depth is chosen taking into account the depth and temperature of the chilled A, the average daily outdoor temperature, temperature and moisture content of the permafrost From to ,.

To eliminate or minimize the re-freezing of the milled layer 5, the amount of heat taken from the surrounding and aerating air milling process and the heat content of the heated surface layer 4 of the soil mixed with permafrost should be greater than or equal to the heat of ice melting in the milled layer. e, heat balance should be positive.

Under favorable conditions (large thawing depth, high daily average ambient temperature, low permafrost moisture content, etc, e), one-time milling of the soil to a depth of 0.5-0.6 m is possible, which practically ends the preparation of the soil for operation. .

Under unfavorable conditions, the milling operation is carried out to a lesser depth and repeated after a certain period of time, during which ice is thawed in the milled layer 5 and water flows along the convex profile of the frozen layer into the channels 2 without accumulating in local depressions. .

If it is necessary to increase the convexity in the interchannel gap, the ground is shifted to its middle (Fig. 3). For this operation, schedulers-0 can be used.

five

0

lire and with which help create a slope of 0.02-0.04 in the direction of the drainage channels 2,

When milling (Fig. 4), the surface of the permafrost layer of the podsfreezirovannym layer 5 takes the form, convex to the middle of the interchannel gap 3, equidistant to the outer surface of the soil without any local slides or projections. This ensures uniform, temperature conditions on the surface of the 6-frost layer, CONSTANT and uniform flow of melt water into channels 2 and prevents the ground from subsidence due to local melting and swelling due to the freezing of water accumulated in individual depressions. If necessary, such operations can be carried out to repair the fields during operation.

The proposed method allows land to be drained in permafrost zone 5 with a high probability of reliability, with lower costs and in a shorter time. Continuous milling, mixing and aeration of the soil greatly accelerate the permafrost and groundwater runoff due to the improvement of heat and mass transfer, and by increasing the permeability of the milled soil.

Therefore, the drying process is estimated in weeks, and the preparation of areas for use in the summer period can be carried out in the spring of the current year. The duration of the preparation depends on the atmospheric conditions, and the number of tillage cycles influences it to a significant degree, so if necessary, the time can be reduced by increasing the number of cycles, i.e., the process is manageable.

The application of the proposed method ensures the creation of a constant slope of the water stop and temperature conditions in the soil layer ,. processed by a mill, which is the basis of high-quality drying dd, consisting in the uniformity of drying and stability of the heating of the surface layers,

Claims (3)

1. The method of drainage of land in the permafrost zone, including withdrawal into open drainage channels 0 five 0 five 0 surface and groundwater by permafrost iodine, which is biased towards the drainage channels, characterized in that, in order to accelerate and improve the quality of drainage by stabilizing the thermal conditions, the soil is processed by continuous milling with simultaneous mixing and aeration of the crushed soil. 2. The method according to p. 1, which differs from the fact that with a depth of thawing of up to 0.1 m, the average daily temperature of its air is 6713h4 same 5 H; in a high moisture content of the permafrost layer, milling is done in layers with an increase in the depth of the milling layer during each subsequent cycle, 3. The way pop. l, which differs from the fact that to create 1Q of 0.02-0.04 bands in the direction of the drainage channels with a distance between them, more than 20 m, the profile planning is carried out in stages, both before milling and in the intervals between post milling after leveling the temperatures in the treated layer. / // Fy