SU146157A1 - Adjustable axial piston hydraulic motor - Google Patents

Description

In the known axial-piston hydraulic motors or pumps, the change in the volume of the working chambers is performed by changing the angle of inclination of the oblique washers. In this case, there is a need to use an additional hydraulic motor and a mechanism for turning the washers.

To change the volume of the working chambers in the proposed hydraulic motor, the pistons are provided with cylindrical shafts with axially movable sleeves, and inlet and drain channels are located on both sides of the movable sleeves.

FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic motor s longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is a section along A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a section along BB in FIG. 1; in fig. 4 is a section along bb in FIG. 2.

The hydraulic motor consists of a housing /, a distribution sleeve 2 and a cylinder block 3, rigidly fixed on the shaft 4 and turning into a centering wheel, their bearings 5 of increased accuracy. The cylinders of the block 3 are pressed in two guide cups 6, reinforced by rings 7 and S. In the cups 6, pistons 9 are inserted, fitted with shanks 10, which are put on with the possibility of mixing the sleeve //. The outer ends of the pistons 9 are supported in oblique washers 12 and /, mounted in the bores of the covers 14 and 15, mounted on the housing / screws 16.

When the cylinder block 5 is rotated, its inter-piston chambers / 7 are alternately communicated with the crescent-shaped grooves 18 and 19 of the distributor sleeve 2 through the radial windows 20 of the block 3.

Sickle-shaped notches 8 and 19 are combined, respectively, with a fluid-supplying 21 and a drainage channel 22 of the housing /.

In the plane of the outer ends of the left sleeves 11, two other sickle-shaped grooves 23 and 24 are located, communicating through the openings 25 with the chambers 26 of the cylinder 3 of the block 3. Fluid supply to the notches 25 and 5 and its drainage to them is carried out through the channels 27 and 28 of the housing / .

jNo 146157-2 Additional two sickle-shaped notches of the sleeve 2, not shown in the drawing, communicate with the notches 23 and 24 by the bypass channels 29 and 50 and are intended for supplying and discharging fluid to the chambers 31 of the block 3 through its windows 32.

To operate the hydraulic engine in the mode of minimum rotation of its shaft 4 and the maximum torque, pressurized fluid is supplied through channel 21 of the housing to inter-piston chambers / 7 and drained through channel 22. Chambers 26 and 31 are communicated at this time through crescent-shaped cavities and Kalal 27 and 28 cases with a drain.

To convert the hydraulic engine to medium speed and torques mode, the liquid under the same pressure and in the same constant amount is supplied to the interpiston chambers 17 and additionally to the chambers 26 and 31 through the channels 27 and 28 of the housing and the corresponding crescent-shaped notches. Due to the constant pressure of the fluid on the outer ends of the sleeves 11, they move before meeting each other and are not involved in the transfer of forces to the oblique shields 12 and 13 - The pistons 9 will only accept the pressure of the fluid by the end surfaces of the shanks 10, the supply of fluid to which through the grooves 33, located on the ends of the sleeves //. The fluid entering the chambers 26 and 31 will be forced out into the pressure line by the steps of the pistons 9 as they approach each other.

To obtain the third rotational speed of the block 3, the liquid under the same pressure and in the same amount as in the previous two cases, is fed through the channel 27 and the corresponding crescent-shaped cavities into the chambers 26 and 31 of the cylinders. The spent fluid is drained through the housing channel 28, and the chambers 17 communicate through the sickle-shaped notches 18 and 19 and the channels 21 and 22 with the drain. Due to the pressure of the fluid on the external end surfaces of the sleeves, they will also be brought together before meeting each other. Pistons 9 will perceive the pressure of the fluid only by their ledges.

Thus, when the same amount of working fluid is supplied, three different speeds of rotation of the shaft 4 are provided.

To reverse the hydraulic motor, the pressurized fluid is fed through the channels 22 and 28, as a result, it becomes possible to obtain three additional speeds of rotation of the shaft 4 in the opposite direction.

The left end of the shaft 4 rotates in the ball bearing 34 and is sealed by the gland 35. The working fluid leaks from the cavity of the left cover 15 is retracted through the channel 36 to the cavity of the right cover 14, from where it is drained through the hole 37.

On the inner surface of the liner 2 are annular grooves 55 and 39, connected to the corresponding crescent-shaped grooves for unloading the engine unit 5 from radial forces.

The proposed engine can be used in metalworking machines to communicate the following feeds; fast advancement and retraction of a tool or product, first working feed forward or backward and second working feed forward or backward. In addition, while simultaneously supplying fluid under pressure through channels 21 and 27 and draining it through channels 22 and 28, it is possible to obtain a fourth rotational speed of the hydraulic motor shaft 4, since in this case the pistons 9 will perceive the pressure of the liquid with their ledges and at the same time with the ends of the shanks 10 The proposed hydraulic motor with a pump having a similar stepwise regulation of the fluid supply can get nine or two or twenty speeds of rotation of the shaft 4, which will give

the possibility in general, of a number of cases, to reject the use of hydraulic motors with a smooth change in the feed rate — as structurally more complex.

Subject invention

An adjustable axial-piston hydraulic motor comprising a rotating cylinder block with two rows of pistons interacting with stationary inclined washers, characterized in that, in order to change the displacement, the pistons of the engine are provided with axially movable bushings and drain channels in its housing are located on both sides of the movable bushings.

i,

h

with

27

22

Pus 2

20

2i

282J 27 bb 3921 18 38 32

 YY

t -iKVX ///