SU1454267A1 - Method of preparing the surface of spoil heaps for afforestation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, namely phytomelioration of waste heaps. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the intensity of erosion processes and improve the moisture supply of planted plants. When preparing the surface of waste heaps for afforestation, the Microterras 1 craftsmanship starts from the tail of the heaps. When crossing with small ravines, the microterras are buried more in the body of the slaghead, while at the intersection with large ravines 4 that are larger than the microterras, the latter are laid along the slopes and bottom of the ravines along a spiral line. After the implementation of the snow melting process, the thawed outflow will be intercepted by the helical part of the microterras and diverted to the rest, through which it will flow, wetting mainly the soil before the bridges 7 in the places where the seedlings are landing. In the event that the inflow of water from the spillways 4 dominates over absorption, the residual runoff increasing along the length of the microterras will be discharged in a timely manner into the scum collectors 5. 3 Il. so (L

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, namely phytomelioration of waste heaps.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the intensity of erosion processes and improve the moisture supply of planted plants.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the waste, a general view; in FIG. 2 — node I in FIG. 1 (fragment of the surface of the slag heap with scours and microterraces); in fig. 3- I-section AA in FIG. 2

The method is carried out as follows.

Initially, geodesic breakdowns of microterrace traces were made. At the same time use a level, theodolite, eclimeter or other tools. The fake microterras I start from the tail of the slaghead 2 from its vertex; Tires, so as not to fill the prepared structures with soil. Microterrasing is done manually with a shovel or microceraser with ground removal: down the slope. When handicrafts, Microterras manually technologically convenient to give them a concave surface with a slope toward the slag. The soil is dumped side by side, and as a result of the embankment 3, the width of the micro terraces slightly increases. When crossed with small scour glands, micro-erasa is buried more in the body of waste. At the intersection with large ravines 4, which exceed the size of microterras, the latter lay along the slopes and bottom of the ravines along a spiral line. At the calculated distance from the beginning, the terrace is interrupted at the thalweg and continues from the edge of gully 5 with a stable formed profile, having a bottom and slopes composed of coarse material accumulated as a result of washing off of smaller fractions. .

When using mechanical and manual terracing methods, there are two possible ways to interrupt microterrace. With the manual method, the microterrace is brought to the bottom of the ravine and continued from its edge. When working with a terracer, the microterraces are made continuous, and on the slope of the ravine they manually arrange a jumper from the ground 6. Jumpers 7 along the length of the microterraces outside the ravines, when working manually, are arranged by cutting off the smaller

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layer of soil, when working with a terracer form of bulk soil. The length of the terraces is determined by the calculation based on the condition of a pass on the microterrace in the closing point of the residual flow, which is obtained as the difference between the flow rate of the surface runoff to the terrace and the flow rate of water absorption in its bottom. The calculation is carried out according to the formulas for calculating cann als in the earth bed with a variable flow rate along the path.

After the implementation of the method at the melting of snow accumulating in the ravine, the thaly stock is intercepted by the spiral-shaped part of the microterrace and diverted to the rest of the stream, which drains, mainly the soil before the jumpers 7 in the places where the seedlings are sown. If the inflow of water from the sprinklers 4 prevails over the absorption, the residual drain, growing along the length of the micro terraces and threatening to overflow through its curb, is promptly discharged into scour collectors 5.

The proposed method in comparison with the prototype reduces the erosion of the material from the surface of the waste heap. The implementation of the method accelerates the development of plantings on the heaps and the onset of closure of crowns as a result of the improvement in the water availability of the plantations in the early period of their life, therefore the full economic effect is achieved earlier than the known method of preparing the waste heaps for afforestation.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of preparing the surface of waste heaps for afforestation, including the crafts of stepped micro-terraces with a reverse transverse inclination of the web, characterized in that, in order to reduce the intensity of erosion processes and improve the moisture supply of the planted plants, at the intersections with the moins, they put mocrotraces along their slopes and the bottom, and terraces, at equal distances, are interrupted and, outside the ravines, they are given a longitudinal slope of 0.01–0.02, and before the seats on the microterrace canvas, bridges are formed with a height equal to half the depth of their cavity. QDu & .T / - / Editor S. Lisin Compiled by A. Konchin Tehre.DM.Hrdanich Corrector. Shekmar . about. fig.Z