SU1449780A1 - Ventilation trunk - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to ventilation shafts using solar energy. The purpose of the invention is to increase gi and increase its stability by reducing heat loss, using a concentrated radiation flux, and improving heat transfer. The pipe is made in (L с 4 4 О С;

Description

The idea of a section 1 fastened together with a blackened outer surface. Each section is equipped with ion-absorber (C-P) 2 radiation ct decreasing to the bottom of the cone-Yosti section. In each section above the upper C-P 2 a hemisphere is pivotally fixed - weighing lens 4. A focusing mirror 5 with a back surface spherical The forms are oriented in opposite direction to the lens 4 pivotally fixed under the lower KP, together with the lens 4 of the adjacent axis. The water receiver-receiver 7 of the radiation of the annular form is fixed on the pipe inside the lower К-П 2 and has an inlet 8 and output pat144978a

cabin 9, led inside the pipe. Electric heater 10 is fixed above receiver-receiver 7, Transparent shell 3 is elastically fixed on lens 4 and mirror 5, Mirror diameter exceeds lens diameter 4. Drip-like shape of shell 3 reduces wind loads and vertical forces due to wind and vertical vortices. Mine is better protected from wind ;;; loads and creates a strong and stable ventilation, it uses more for this solar energy and the heat of the environment. 1 h, para. f-ly, 8 ill.

ly due to wind and vertical eddies. Mine is better protected from wind ;;; loads and creates a strong and stable ventilation, it uses more for this solar energy and the heat of the environment. 1 h, para. f-ly, 8 ill.

one

The invention relates to ventilators - 1 |; and, in particular, to ventilation blankets using solar power.

; The aim of the invention is to increase the thrust and increase its stability by reducing heat loss using a concentrated radiation flux and improving heat transfer.

A: FIG. 1 shows ventilation. ijiaxTa, sectional view, in FIG. 2, is the mounting of the onus absorber on the section of the draft shaft of the ventilation shaft; in FIG. 3 is the flow diagram of the ventilation shaft; Fig. 4 shows the oblique position of the tube of the mine shaft in Fig. 5, the connection of several gov pipes to the mine j in Fig. 6 — Fastening the lens on the draft tube of Fig. 7 shows the layout of the cone-yoglottes on the shaft of the mine. , Fig. 8 is a diagram of the location of a cone of yoglottelty on a mine's draft pipe, option.

The ventilation shaft contains a t - tOByro pipe, made in the form of (Bonded sections 1 Sfig, 1) with a blackened outer surface, mounted on each Section 1 absorber cones 2 radiation (1i, with decreasing to the bottom section 1 Taper and transparent shell 3

O

The mine is equipped in each section with 1 t of a hemispheric hemispherical hollow lens 4 hinged above the upper cone absorber 2 of section 1, oppositely oriented lens 4 with a focusing mirror 5 with a back surface 6 of spherical shape hinged under the lower cone absorber 2 of section 1 together with the lens 4 of the adjacent section 1, a water receiver-receiver 7 of radiation of an annular shape, fixed on the pipe inside the lower cone-absorber 2 and having inlet pipe 8 and outlet nozzles 9, inserted inside the pipe, and ronagrevatel 10 mounted on the receiver-boiler 7 and the sheath 3 is fastened elastically on the lens 4 and the mirror 5, the latter having a diameter greater than the diameter of the lens 4.

The absorber cones 2 (Fig. 2) can be attached to the pipe section 1 by means of removable heat insulating 5 parts in the form of cylinders 11 with a conical one. the tip 12, Section 1 of the pipe is made of heat-conducting material, and the larger base of the lower cone-absorber 2 of section 1 lies below the plane 13 of the mirror aperture 5. The cones-absorbers 2 have a blackened surface both outside and inside and are installed on each section 1 the number of 5 pieces.

0

0

The angle of conicity 0 (the upper cone absorber 2 is made on the basis of the minimum heat capture on the summer sunstorm and is in the range of 15-60. On average, the angle с is equal to the average coal, between 9 and 15 o'clock, what can be calculated using a simplified formula

o (A20.1.b1.

h 90 -4 +,

where h and S is the maximum angle of elevation of the sun, the breadth of the terrain, declination (about 23.5 ° 7). The angle of taper of the third over; the absorber cone 2 is made with the same calculation, but for the spring and autumn equinox. The taper angle p) of the second upper absorber has an intermediate value between o (and.

The angle of conicity a of the lower cone absorber 2 is calculated on the basis of the maximum absorption during the winter solstice, and the angle W of the upstream absorber cone 2 is equal to the average value between and cJ

You can make angles of (, Л1 and OJ based on the maximum angle of the sun / at noon) with summer, spring (autumnal equinox and winter solstice).

The indicated angles of C, y, and uJ are chosen so because the elevation angles and the nodal days of the solar calendar are generally known at all weather stations and are easily calculated by the formula:

X 90 - h.

where X is the desired angle, h is the height of a hundred riizon.

the sun over go sinh sin4 sin4 + cosif cosd- cos C,

where ei is the latitude of the terrain, tf is the declination (0 23.5), is the hour angle. In addition, it is only with this design that Kokugan absorbers 2 (Fig. 3) surround a good absorption / light-energy and heat from

0

five

0

For any surroundings, for any one, the sun is laid on the nsbospod. In this case, in the top-down direction, the surface area of the absorber cones 2 increases, consequently, the number of rays absorbed by them, i.e. With this design, the total heat absorbability of the lower ones, on which the rays of the low sun fall, increases. Only with such a design, the work of the exhaust shaft is relatively stable, as well as solar exposure, increasing, moving from a large surface to a small one, and, decreasing, from a small one to a large one. In this case, the rays that are not absorbed by the lower absorber cone 2 are mostly reflected on the inner surface of the upper absorber cones 2. At the same time, with this design, the sun gradually passes from one of them to the other. The mirror 5 is made in the form of a 5 parabolic or spherical element.

The droplet-shaped form of the shell 3 reduces the reflection of rays coming from outside, since on average the inclination of the outer surface towards the sun is reduced. At the same time, the inclination of the inner surface to the reflected and unabsorbed rays increases, which contributes to their reflection on the cone-absorber 2 and the pipe. This form of the shell 3 allows the use of a polarized film, which dramatically increases the ability to capture and concentration of solar energy, reducing heat exchange with the environment. The spherical surface dramatically reduces the specific heat exchange surface and heat transfer.

In the focus of the mirror 5, the boiler-receiver 7 is installed. The supply of steam enhances the gas flow in the pipe, increases its ventilation capacity, since water vapor is 1.65 times lighter than air. In addition, steam increases the flow temperature in the pipe. At the same time, it serves as a kind of heat storage that supports the stability of ventilation.

Due to the location of the boiler-receiver 7 in the focus of the mirror 5, solar and electrical energy is used to the maximum. Thus, the heat release to the environment is reduced. With this

0

40

46

50

55

Gzheli the receiver-boiler 7 and the electronic receiver 1 | 10 are located directly on the pipe inside the lower end of the absorber 2, For the same purpose, the plane 13 of the spherical mirror 5 1 is located above the larger base of the lower absorber cone 2, i.e. It is as if it is in the cavity of the IJHMecKoro mirror 5, which drastically reduces heat transfer and heat loss: breakaway receiver 7, electric accumulator 10, pipe and absorber cone 2. Such shape of the mirror 5 and such arrangement of the lower cone is a hyglotte 2 It is also important because d: when inclining a pipe (fig. A), focus-: 6th space or spot of concentrated rays is almost always

cylinder 11 is attached to the pipe with a groove 17 in it and a clamp 18. In this case, the heat insulating porous

g gasket 19 (for example, foam rubber) are replenished from the inner side of the rubber cylinder 11.

The ball ring 15 (6) can be solid or detachable and lining

10 seconds with a hoop or screws 20. To pivot the lens 4 (or mirror 5) onto the ball ring 15 and prevent them from nippling from it under the action of the wind

15, a removable stop 21 is attached to them from the bottom surface with the help of screws. The distance between the upper bases of the neighboring absorber cones 2 is aggravated as follows: the bottom of the cavity or on the inner surface is equal to the product of the radius of the absorber cone 2 .

In order to facilitate installation, increase transportability, enhance the capacity for fueling due to the sub- (connection of several pipes to one 25 buttermilk (Fig. 5), all the elements, and the cones-absorbers 2, lens 4, mirror 5, are mounted on the pipe is farnirno and self-regulating with respect to the sun and 30 1 | isonta, i.e., with any deviation from the vertical, these elements occupy the correct position, the angle {aclon of their axis does not change.

(d) absorber cones 2 per cat of the taper angle of the superior absorber cone 2, i.e. in this case, the upper base of the lower to the nusa absorber 2 stands at the level of the lower base of the upper -cone-absorber 2 (Fig.7). With such a p position at certain hours (especially at noon of the summer sun) the narrow upper part of the absorber cones 2 will be shaded.

However, with such an arrangement, the ba will be more compact, and the insignificant area of the bones of the absorber 2 will be shadowed. the shadow will already fall on a fairly wide part of the nusov-absorbers 2.

1 |; the spruce for obtaining the Vanka Istanka effect, all the cones absorbing 2, the Lens 4. and the mirror 5 are thickened at the bottom, and a lens is connected to the mirror 5; 4 of the underlying section 1 (FIGS. 1 and 4).

To ensure the reduction of heat exchange and increase the reliability of the shell 3, it is attached-to the mirror 5 and the lens 4 with elastic elements 14 "

The droplet-shaped form of the outer enclosure formed by the shell 3, Mirror 5 and lens 4 reduces wind loads, especially when inclined, pipes, i.e. This form ensures that the Multiple devices can be connected to one point in Figure 5).

For reliability, the lens 4 and the mirror 3 are fixed on the pipe with the help of a rigid removable ball ring 15 (Figures 1, 2, 6).

The cylinder 11 is made of rubber and fixed on the cone-absorber 2 ct using screws 16 (figure 2). To speed up the assembly and disassembly of rubber

the cylinder 11 is attached to the pipe with the aid of the groove 17 in it and the clamp 18. In this case, the heat insulating porous

gasket 19 (for example, foam rubber) is fixed on the inner side of the rubber cylinder 11.

The ball ring 15 (Fig. 6) can be solid or detachable and secured with a hoop or screws 20. In order to pivotally fix the lens 4 (or mirror 5) on the ball ring 15 and prevent them from jumping off from it under the action of the wind,

removable stops 21 are attached to them from the bottom surface with screws. The distance between the upper bases of the adjacent absorber cones 2 is aggravated as follows: its lower limit is equal to the product of the radius

(d) absorber cones 2 on the cotangent of the taper angle of the superior absorber cone 2, i.e. in this case, the upper base of the lower absorber cone 2 stands on the level of the lower base of the upper absorber cone 2 (Fig. 7). With such an arrangement, at certain hours (especially at noon of the summer sun), the narrow upper part of the absorber cones 2 will be shaded.

However, with such an arrangement, the pipe will be more compact, and the insignificant area of the absorber cones 2 will shade. As they get closer together, the heat-absorbing effect deteriorates as the shading increases, i.e. the shadow will already fall on a rather wide part of the absorber cones 2.

Upper limit of the distance between adjacent sinks of a cone 2

equal to the lower limit plus the value of a, which is equal to the product of the radius of the cone-absorber 2 and the tangent of the angle of the upper conicity of the cone-absorber 2. The upper limit (X

equals the return of the sun above the horizon. During the summer solstice (in the northern hemisphere 22.IV, in the southern 22.12) and rtg of (Fig.8). In this case, there will be no shadowing of the cone with each other, even if the sun rises above the horizon as much as possible. Therefore, there is no need to further increase the distances between them.

With such an implementation of the device, its maximum transportability and ease of installation and dismantling are achieved. For example, to transport the device to another location, sheath 3 is first removed, then lens 4 is removed, onto which the previously removed upper cone absorber 2 is installed, then all the absorber cones 2 are strung on each other, then on the cone absorber 2 of the upper section 1, a lens 4 of the underlying section 1 is installed, etc. The ball rings 15 and the shell 3 are located either in the tubes or in the cavity of the lens 4.

Mirrors overlap each other. For convenience of transportation during storage, all compactly assembled elements of the device, i.e. mirrors 5, lenses 4, absorber cones 2, can be strung on the pipe of one of the sections 1 and fixed with an impression of the ball rings 15.

The ventilation shaft works as follows.

In the morning hours, in the horizontal direction, the rays are collected by a lens 4 on the upper cone absorber 2 (Fig. 1) and the tube, and on the lower cones absorber 2, the rays fall almost perpendicularly. The rays, thanks to the shell 3, pass through it almost uncomfortably. At the same time, due to this shape, the inner surface of the shell 3 is inclined to rays that do not hit the cone absorber 2 and the pipe. This causes the reflection force of these rays to the inner surface of the shell 3 to the absorber cones 2. This effect increases when the floor is applied. rized film. The rays that fall on the upper surface of the downstream absorber cone 2 are absorbed, heating it, the air and the pipe, i.e. the rays that are not absorbed are reflected onto the lower surface of the upstream cone-train

Lot 2. Thanks to this, provide-50 absorber cones 2 to the pipe.

The most complete use of solar energy is environmental heat, and the cones-absorbers 2, even without a film, reduce the heat exchange between the pipe and the environment.

As the height of the sun increases, the upper surface of the lower and then higher cones absorbers is increasingly illuminated. Wherein

449780, 8

part of the rays falls on a spherical mirror 5, which focuses them on

cathel receiver 7 or lower cone absorber 2.

five

ten

15

20

25

thirty

35

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45

The receiver boiler 7 is heated and the steam enters the pipe. Since the vapor is lighter than air, the gas flow rate in the pipe increases. Since the boiler receiver 7 is located on the surface of the pipe, when there is no; It gives heat to the SRI of direct solar rays to the pipe, thereby increasing the stability of the gents.

If necessary, the electric heater 10 is turned on, which heats the receiver-boiler 7 and the pipe, and almost all of the heat from the electric heater 10 due to its location directly on the pipe under the lower absorber cone 2 and at the focus of the mirror 5 is used to increase the thrust, i.e. heat is consumed very sparingly.

The maximum solar radiation as the sun rises moves from the lower absorber cone 2 to the upper. After midday hours, everything happens in reverse order. In this case, the upper surface of the lower absorber 2 absorbs the greatest amount of sunlight during the midday hours during the winter solstice, the next cone absorber 2 between the winter solstice and the autumn or spring equinox, then the sun rays are absorbed as much as possible at midday hours the equinoxes and the summer solstice and are best illuminated during the midday hours during the summer solstice. Thus, the sun gradually passes from one cone-absorber 2 to another, and the reflected rays from their upper surfaces or mirror 5 fall on the lower surfaces of the higher-cone absorbers 2, as well as the pipe. Heat is transferred from

heating the air in it, increasing the ventilation. When the pipe is inclined (Fig. 4), the heat-removing elements under the action of gravity self-orient relative to the horizon and the sun.

Thus, the elements of the mine act as a trap of sunlight and heat.

G2Fig. 2

 -one

FIG. 3

Fig4

FIG 5

21

fie. 7

Fie.8

Claims (3)

Claim I. 20 | 1. A ventilation shaft containing a draft pipe made in sections of interconnected sections with a (blackened outer surface mounted on each section cone * ·· 25 (sy-radiation absorbers with tapering towards the bottom of the section and a transparent shell, distinguishing And I do so in order to increase traction and increase its stability; the shaft is equipped in each section of the traction pipe with a hemispherical hollow lens pivotally mounted above the upper cone-absorber of the section, with a counter-focusing lens focusing mirrors m with a back surface of a spherical shape, pivotally mounted under the lower cone-absorber of the section together with the lens of the adjacent section, by a ring-shaped water boiler-receiver mounted on the pipe inside the lower cone-absorber and having inlet and outlet pipes, the last of which are inserted into the pipe, and an electric heater mounted above the boiler-receiver, and the shell is elastically attached to the lens and mirror, and the diameter of the latter exceeds the diameter of the lens. 2. The mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cones-absorbers are fixed to the pipe sections using removable heat-insulating parts in the form of cylinders with a conical tip, the pipe sections are made of heat-conducting material, and the larger base of the lower cone-section absorber lies below the aperture plane mirrors. Figure 2. FIG. 3 (rig 5 fie. 7