SU1443787A3 - Beet harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to beet harvesting machines. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the size, weight, cost of the machine and the efficiency of its work. The beet harvesting machine contains a frame 6, hung with its front part on the tractor 1 and the carrier of the beet cutter 9 with a disk copier 7, copac 15, made of rod working bodies, over which the beetroot cleaner in the form of a brush 16 is installed. the haul-off device, made in the form of a conveyor 11 or in the form of a barrel of drums, enclosed in a boot-guiding casing. On the frame of the machine there is also installed a cross conveyor of tops and a transverse conveyor of root crops, made of several parallel screw rollers. 24 hp f-ly, 17 ill.

Description

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11443787

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to beet-harvesting machines.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the publi- cates, mass, cost of the machine and increase the efficiency of its work.

Fig, 1 shows a beet harvesting machine in a single-sided version, the general view; in FIG. 2, the same, fQ side view; FIG. 3 shows the front part of the garter harvesting machine in a multiple bottom. FIG.

with t

and you will be in a position for a reason for not less than one for not coping to one another, but for example, on the main ave. 31 from Ve and

15

20

25

thirty

performance, top view; FIG. 4 shows a beet harvesting machine in a multi-sided version, top view; Fig, 5 - beet-cleaning device, front view; FIGS. 6 and 7 show a diagram of the operation of a kopach; Fig, 8 - Kopach, front view; FIG. 9 is the same side view; FIG. 10 is the same, top view; FIG. 11 shows a haul-off device, a general view; FIG. 12 is the same side view; FIG. FIG. 13 is the same; an embodiment; FIG. 14 shows the lateral exporting rotor, side view; FIG. FIG. 15 is the same, top view; Fig. 16 shows variants of the mutual arrangement of the copier and the bobbing rotor; Fig. 17 shows a haul off device, side-mounted, variant.

The beet harvester is aggregated with the tractor 1 with its front part. Tractor 1, having a front axle 2, a front linkage 3 in the ground 5 4 attachment captures the farm 5 of the frame 6 of the beet harvesting machine. The front of the frame 6 is installed, copier disks having a horizontal common axis 8, Preferably, each row of beets is provided with re contact disks 7, with which the beet cutter 9 attached to the frame 6 is also connected with a bobbiner 10 for beet tops made from conveyor 11 and pallet 12 and cross conveyor 13 for removal of tops from the machine. Position 14 schematically designates the beets before cutting. Copac 15, mounted on the frame 6 of the machine, pulls the beet out of the soil, feeds it to the rotating cleaning brush 16 and to the transverse conveyor 17, which drains the beetroot dug out of the machine. At the end of the frame, on the side of the tractor, there is a reflective wall 18 on which the beets are thrown from the brush 16 and from which

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beet falls down on the cross conveyor.

On the frame 6 of the machine, an upwardly mounted truss 19 is fixed, with the upper end of which at point 20 a pressure spring 21 is pivotally connected, which is controlled from the tractor to raise and lower the beet harvesting machine. On the front of the frame 6 of the machine, i.e. On the opposite side of the tractor, on both sides of the machine, vertically down forms 22 are installed, on each of which a carrier arm 23 protruding forward is mounted, pivotally mounted at point 24 of vertical form 22 and with a preload by means of a spring 25 attached to the frame 6. The front end of each lever 23 is fixed to the driven shaft 26, on which the disks 7 are mounted on bearings. The contact disks 7 are driven from the ground and have an advance equal to, for example, 8%. Their principle of operation is known. The contact discs 7 are provided with teeth on the outer circumference or are designed so as to capture beet tops. On the non-levers 23, by means of fastening elements 27, a trellis tray 28 is placed, which is lowered down, on which cut knives 29 are fixed at the front end, which separate the sugar beet head 14 directly below the contact disks 7. On the frame 6 of the machine there is a conveyor 30 for each row and which is made in the form of conveyor belts 31 and 32, which are mutually located, that both branches facing each other take between them the beet tops cut by a knife 29 and transport it to the top, with the circumferential surface with The teeth of the contact discs 7 help to transfer the tops from the trimmed knife 29 to the conveyor belts 31 and 32. Filed up the beet tops or tops and the beet heads are collected in tray 33 and retracted to the side, for example, by a cross conveyor 13 (FIG. 1) Both conveyor belts 31 and 32 are preferably driven from the tractor via a chain drive. The drive wheels 34 and 35 of the conveyor belt 31 are connected to each other and to the frame 6 of the machine by the farm 36. Accordingly, the wheels are connected to the frame 6

37 and 38 of the conveyor belt 32. Both conveyor belts 31 and 32, set in motion from the tractor, rotate at a synchronous speed, and conveyor belt 32 preferably has an outer surface lia, a large number of bulges that facilitate the capture of cut tops and beet heads. Corresponding bulges can also be made on the conveyor belt 31.

On the vertical truss 22 of the frame 6, the cops 15 are rigidly fixed (one per row) with the working bodies 39, so that in multi-section machines the digging bodies 39 are placed parallel to one another.

In close proximity to

the machine is carried out from tractor 1 through the front power take-off shaft 43, connected with a gearbox of 44 gears on the frame 6 of the machine. Leading shafts 45 and 46 are driven out of the gearbox 44, which drive between the gearboxes 47, interconnected and with the gearbox 44.

cardan shafts 48 or corresponding drive connections. From the intermediate gear boxes 47 in the direction of movement there is a waste of cardan shafts 49, which are connected to an intermediate gear box 50, whose driven shaft 51 is connected to a small drive gear 52 and the like, which drives the driving circuit 53, which is connected to corresponding

digging organ and above it is set with an asterisk dp of rotating organs

For each row of beets, a cleaning brush connected to the frame 6 of the machine, a beet-cleaning device made in the form of a brush drum driven by the tractor, whose axis is horizontal to the ground and perpendicular to the direction of movement, is attached. Brush 16 can be supplemented with one or

several corresponding brushes, ball bearings 54 and 55, rotating one after the other in order to increase the cleaning effect and supply the dug beets. Due to the contact of the brushes 16, with the beets digging out of the ground by the digging bodies 39, intensive cleaning of the beets is achieved. The brushes 16 rotate at a rate such that the beets 14 are thrown back, i.e. in the opposite direction to the movement. In this case, the beets 14 fall on the baffle wall 18 fixed to the frame 6 of the machine, which consists, for example, of separate bars, which generally form the back wall of the beet harvesting machine. The bars forming the wall 18 are rigidly connected to the frame of the machine 6 at the upper end, and not fixed at the lower end. Beets falling on the wall 18 fall down from it and fall on the transverse conveyor 17, located near the ground, which consists, for example, of several transverse augers 40 - 42 These conveyors can be made in the form of conveyor belts or rolls with helical protrusions.

Drive all rotating bodies of individual aggregates of beet harvesting

each unit. Through the cardan shafts 48, it is possible, to some extent, to move the individual aggregates of the beet harvesting machine transversely to the direction of movement, i.e. left and right. To ensure lateral movements, the aggregates of the beet harvesting machine are freely suspended on the frame 6 of the machine above the carrying arm 23 on

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with the frame frame 56 in the guide frame 56. Ball bearings 54 and 55 or the rollers are interconnected by a shaft. 57, rigidly connected to the farm 22. On the side of tractor 1 on frame 6 there is a conveyor 58 with grippers 59, which at the front end is rigidly connected at point 60 with a beet harvesting machine, and at point 61 with a tractor 1. The back of conveyor 58 interacts with the conveyor

62 which directs the beets coming from the conveyor 58 into the hopper.

63. The bunker 63 at the point is rigidly connected to the tractor 1 and preferably has

There are scrappers on the bottom, with the help of which the beets come from the bunker to the transshipment conveyor 65, from which it goes for further processing.

The brush 16 has a parabolic side surface 66 in the form of a rotating body in a section, which is formed due to the fact that the length of the individual bristles 67 decreases in the radial direction from the outer ends inwards towards the middle of the brush. The bristles 67 with shaft 68 are made or in the form of a single piece, if the brush is represented 0

five

It is a plastic casting, or they are connected to the shaft housing 68 in a different way, for example, glued or inserted into it, and for this purpose, recesses 69 are made in the shaft housing 68, which include bristles or tufts of bristles. In addition, the bristles 67 can be made tighter at the outer end, for example, provided with metal particles 70. But the shape of the implementation of the bristles 67 is not limited to this. The second brush 71 is associated with the first brush 16 so that both brushes are made from ground.

Undermining bodies 39 are connected to holders 72 and 73, which are fixed by means of couplings 74 and bolted connections 75 to the frame of the beet harvesting machine. Toolholders 72 and 73

have

clamping parts 76 and 77 for fastening nozzles 78 and 79 rods, 1 ШХ undermining bodies 39, which move from nozzles 78 and 79 into segments 80 and 81 and then 82 and 83. At the same time, the rods of the undermining bodies are bent so that segments 80 and 81 go at an angle o (to the horizontal plane down towards each other or at an angle of y5 forward towards each other, and primp: the segments 82, 83 that are attached to them are made so that they pass backwards and upwards at an angle VK of the horizontal plane. At that, segments 82 and 83 can be parallel to each other, but can also be at a certain angle. Coming back towards each other or from each other. Instead of a linear shape, segments 82 and 83 can be wavy or curved, and the rear free part of these segments can be made horizontal. The rear ends of segments 82 and 83 can be either free 45 9 fixed can be rotated on the frame of the beet harvesting machine, ie, do not have connections with each other, or are mechanically connected with each other.

Advantageously, nozzles 84 are provided at the lower end of the rods in the form of a cutting edge for cutting off the remaining roots. However, it is possible to provide such attachments on most of the rods or to provide rods with nozzles along their entire length. It is advisable to reinforce the rods with struts 85 and 86. To direct the beets, it is sensible to install, along sections 82 and 83, guiding rods to the subcaps 50

55

us on on flanges 97 an axis 98 is attached. The rotor contains several parallel wheels 99 mounted on an axis 98, to which billes 96 and Bili 96 are attached to hinges 10.0, for example, four circumferentially spaced fingers, . bands, etc. and have on the outer part of the cutting bodies 101, which are either molded on the outer end of each organ and fixed to it as self-detachable

37876

 organs and / or on holders so that the beets are held in guide rings formed by segments 82 and 83 and do not fall out.

In the haul-off device 10, the copier contains several rotating or rotatable disks mounted on a common horizontal

10 axes parallel to each other, with which the beet pruning apparatus 9 interacts, for example, the knife 29. The topper device 10 can be made in the form of a rotor containing

15, a horizontal shaft 84 carrying a topper-engaging element 85, made in the form of radial blades, the plane of which passes through the longitudinal axis of the shaft. 84. The blades are made of elastic 20 at least part of their radial length to ensure a smooth removal of the beet-tops. The blades are made of rubber, plastic, etc. material.

for example, with tissue enhancement.

The closed housing 86 has a rear wall 87, a front wall 88 and two side walls 89 and 90 and, at the upper end 91, in the discharge area, is bent outward. The output of the tops is made in section 92, from where the tops are fed to the transverse conveyor 13. The machine has an inlet 93 and an outlet 94 on the rotor housing 95.

In the embodiment of the haulm device 10, the booster rotor elements are made in the form of shafts 96 located in the gaps between the discs 7. In this embodiment, the block of the copier discs 7 is mounted with the possibility of vertical movements (for performing feeling movements) on the trusses

0

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us on on flanges 97 an axis 98 is attached. The rotor contains several parallel wheels 99 mounted on an axis 98, to which billes 96 and Bili 96 are attached to hinges 10.0, for example, four circumferentially spaced fingers, . bands, etc. and have on the outer part of the cutting bodies 101, which are either molded on the outer end of each organ and fixed to it as self-detachable

71

cutting organs. The distance between the wheels 99 and the bill 96 corresponds to the distance between the copier discs 7 and the mobile wheels are offset from the discs 7 by half the distance between the two discs 7, therefore when working the billers 96 are located between the disc "w 7. On the other hand, the billers 96 can be fixed rigidly or hinged directly on the axis 98. The flanges 97 are fixed on the trusses 22 with the possibility of displacements, for example, in the longitudinal direction, in order to ensure the supply of the mobile device to the copier. The trusses 22, on which these devices are attached, are hinged at point 24 on the frame, therefore a disk copier can make the movement or deflection necessary for palping the beets. Together with the vertical movement of the disk copy, the rotor with the shaft 84 accordingly moves in height. However, the device can be optionally designed so that the mobile rotor is mounted directly on the frame and does not move vertically along with the discs 7.

In another embodiment, the bobcatcher may be implemented in the form of two or more rotors 96 arranged in parallel, with the beats of one rotor positioned between the beats of the other rotor and with overlapping each other.

Beet harvesting machine works as follows.

When the working movement of the tractor 1 along the harvesting of rows of root crops, the disks 7 of the copier grope the beet heads, ensuring cutting of the root crops with a knife 29 at a certain level. Formed haulm on tray 28 is fed into the haulm device, which directs it to the cross conveyor of haulm 13, cut off roots are dug out by the working bodies 39 of the diggers 15. At the same time, the root crops are affected by the cleaning brushes 16. The extracted roots are fed to the transverse conveyor 17, it to the scraper conveyor 58. From the conveyor 58, the roots are fed by the transverse conveyor 62 to hoppers 63 with a movable bottom. From the bunker 63, root crops are supplied by the transporter 65 for further processing. In the embodiments, the topper

This device is provided by grinding the tops and feeding it through one or more rotors to the conveyor 13.

Claims (25)

1. A beet harvesting machine containing a frame equipped with a lifting mechanism and connection with energy means, a carrier drive mechanism, a beet cutter with a copier made in the form of parallel discs mounted on a horizontal one 0 Q 0 five 0 in the form of a pair of working bodies for gripping, loosening and pulling beets from the soil, adjacent to the transverse beet transporter, and a transverse topper of the tops, interacting with the upper end of the inclined topper-growing device, the lower end of which is associated with the beetropper-5 so that, in order to reduce the size, weight, cost of the machine and increase the efficiency of its work, it is equipped with a beet-cleaning device installed above the hopper, which contains a brush drum with a horizontal axis by the mechanism for moving in the transverse direction of the beet cutter with a copier, a digging machine, a venting device and a beetroot peeling machine, while the drive mechanism is kinematically connected with the power take-off shaft, which is mounted on the front parts of the power tool. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the kinematic The coupling of the power take-off shaft with the drive mechanism is equipped with a transfer gearbox, which is installed on the frame of the machine. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design of the machine, the mechanism for lateral movement of the beet-forming apparatus with a copier, copier, barrel unit and the beet pulping device is designed as a bundle into one worker, block vertical truss, interacting with the transverse guide, 6 Torah is equipped with a frame and which is made in the form of a rail. 4. Machine popp. 1, 3, characterized in that the vertical - on the truss is equipped with ball bearings that interact with the transverse rail-rail, 5. Machine popp. 2iZ, characterized in that each working unit of the machine n |) and its multi-sided construction is equipped with an additional gearbox, which is connected to the main gearbox by means of a propeller shaft, 6. The machine according to the paragraphs, 1, about tl and h and y and so that, with a chain of better cleaning of the beets, the side surface of the brush drum is filled in the form of a parabola, with its tip facing the center of the horizontal axis of the drum. 7. Machine according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the base of the brush drum is made in the form of a cylinder with depressions for fastening in them by gluing bristle pile, the working ends of which are provided with metal elements. 8. Machine on PP. 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that the beetroot cleaning device is equipped with an additional brush drum having the same construction as the main brush drum, while the drums are mounted relative to each other with the overlap of their pile located in the end zones of the drums, 9. Machine pop.1, characterized in that, in order to increase the quality of the soil and reduce the degree of soil compaction, the working bodies of the digger are made in the form of rods with front and rear sections mounted on the frame, the first of which are located at an angle to the horizontal and with a gradual convergence towards each other in the direction to the transverse beet conveyor, and the latter are made gradually - but rising towards this conveyor with the convergence or the divergence of their ends relative to each other. 10. The machine according to claim, 9, characterized in that the rod of the working body Kopach has a round, or oval, or drop-shaped, or semi-circular, or other, non-circular, cross-section. 11. The machine according to PP, 9, about tl and - with the fact that the rod of the working body of the Kopach is equipped with a nozzle having a cutting edge and installed on it from the bottom in the zone mating front and rear sections of the rod, 12. The machine according to claim, 9, about tl and - with the fact that the working body Kopach is equipped with guides beetroot element located above its stem. 13. The machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the rear sections of the rods of the working bodies of the Kopach are wavy or curved, wherein the rfx ends are located; us horizontally. 14. The machine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plant is designed to be installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the copier of the rotor with the bot-gripping elements and the casing, in order to improve the transportation of the tops. having the closed giving channel and the top dumping tops part. 15. The machine according to claim. 14, items that the fact that the rotor of the blade carrying the tops of 0 This is done in the form of blades of an elastic material. 16, the machine according to claim 15, characterized in that at least part of the rotor blades are made of rubber or plastic reinforced with durable fabric material, 17. The machine according to claim 14, tl and 45, the rotor positioned area is provided with loading and unloading windows. 18.Mashina on PP. 1 and 14, characterized in that the rototail elements of the rotor are 50 yen in the form of beats fixed on its shaft in areas opposite the gaps between the copier disks. 19, the machine of claim 18, wherein the bilas have 55 circumferential speed, yawshaft circumferential speed of the disks of the copier, while the distance between the axes of rotation and the disks of the copier has a value in the range from zero to the sum of the radii of 11,144 rifle rim surfaces and copier discs. 20. The machine according to paragraphs 18 and 19, which are separated from the fact that in the area of each gap between the copier disks on the rotor shaft, several beats were fixed, forming a cich during rotation rotor disc, which is placed with overlapping of the outer surface of the disks of the copier. 21. The machine according to claim 18, wherein the bales are attached to the rotor shaft by means of hinges. 22. The machine on the PP. 18, 20 and 21, characterized in that the bols are made flexible or spring-loaded. 23. The machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the beater is provided with a cutting member, which is assembled 2 laid on its outer end and made either removable or rigidly connected to the billet. 24. Machine on PP. 1 and 18, characterized in that the rotor shaft is connected to the frame by means of a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the rotor and the cam, which it is connected with the frame with the possibility of moving it in a vertical plane. 25. Machine on PP. 18-24, T is distinctive with the fact that the forwarder device is equipped with at least one additional shaft with beaters installed in series behind the main shaft with beams, while the beaters of one shaft are located between the beams of the other shaft and overlapping each other. J thirty  If FIG. 2 PN + p HP. iTlTl-. Q 6 0 i vx sx t sx / 5 / -59 f t BT 68 b g FIG. b 1U 80 FIG. 75 39 9 7 ::: s / w 77, FIG. YU, 90 Fi.11 13 93 FIG L Fig1 9B 13 Fig.15 A C 16 Gx FIG.