SU1437062A1 - Column mass-exchange apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mass transfer devices and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical and petroleum refining industries. The aim of the invention is to eliminate the flooding of the overflow devices during the operation of the apparatus and to ensure the accelerated removal of the liquid phase from the overflow devices during an emergency stop. The apparatus includes a housing with bubbling plates installed in it, overflow devices consisting of drain and receiving partitions and valves placed in a block located on the bottom of the overflow device between the drain partition and the housing, and taps rigidly attached to the bottoms of the overflow devices. The block consists of a cylindrical body with vertical slits along the pattern; .1М, an upper perforation cover and a hole in the center of the bottom with a branch pipe welded along the edge of the hole, a cylindrical spring attached with one end to the bottom of the block, and the other to the cylindrical bowl , fastened to the rod, welded with the lower end of the clap.chu. 7 il. (1a: and,

Description

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The invention relates to mass transfer apparatus for carrying out the processes of rectification and absorption and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical and petroleum refining industries.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the flooding of the overflow devices when the apparatus is in operation and to ensure the accelerated removal of the liquid phase from the overflow devices during an emergency stop.

FIG. 1 shows the mass exchange apparatus, general view; in fig. 2 - overflow device with a block, general view; in fig. 3 - block when filling the overflow device; in fig. 4 - the same, with normal operation mode; app: rata; in fig. 5 - the same, when choking the overflow device on the liquid phase; in fig. b - the same, when choking the overflow device in the vapor phase; in fig. 7 - the same, prz emergency draining of the liquid phase.

Column mass transfer apparatus includes a housing 1, a raw material input line 2, a steam output line 3, a liquid output line 4, bubbling plates 5, overflow devices 6 containing a bottom 7, a drain 8 and a receiving 9 partition, a block 9 and a branch 11.

The block 10 consists of a cylindrical body 12, a perforated lid 13, a bottom 14 with a hole 15 and a socket 16 welded along its edges, a valve 17, a bowl 18 and a stem 19 rigidly fixed to the valve 17 and more often 8, a coil spring 20 attached the lower end to the bottom 14 of the block 10 and the free-supporting thicket 18. The wall of the housing 12 of the block 10 has slots starting from the level of the bottom 14 of the block. The outlet 11 is rigidly attached to the bottom of the bottom 7 of the overflow device and is located with a slope to the center of the lower plate. The thicket 18 has a cylindrical shape and contains drainage holes.

Mass transfer apparatus (Fig. 1) works as follows.

The heated raw material through conduit 2 is fed to the apparatus on the plate 5. Gases and vapors are lifted, the passage through the openings of the lamellae are disposed of, and removed from the apparatus through line 3, the liquid phase flows sequentially through the lower plates and the overflow devices and is removed along line 4 for circulation and return to the apparatus. The raw material vapors, when raised, are partially condensed on the plates, and the condensate flows into the overflow devices 6, combined with a gut of liquid raw material. The vapors formed on the lower plates pass successively vyscherasplozhennye plates, bubbling through a layer of liquid on them.

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FIG. 3 noKii; aH stage zapa. ; overflow device 6. The initial vapor pressure on the plates P, Reg-1 Rp.r-valve 17 is open due to the action of the spring 20, the thicket 18 does not contain liquid. When draining from the plate 5 through the drain wall 8 into the overflow device, part of the liquid enters through the perforated lid 13 into the thicket 18 of the block 10. The remaining part of the liquid flows to the bottom 7 of the overflow device and through the slots in the wall 12 enters the block 10, from there through pipe 16 branch 11 and drains onto the canvas of the underlying plate. The thickening 18 is gradually filled with liquid, while the liquid partially flows out through the drainage holes in the bottom of the thickening 18. Under the influence of the weight of the liquid, the thickening 18 with the choke 19 and the valve m 17 lowers, compressing the spring 20. When the filling of the bowl 18 is filled, the flap 17 closes the opening 15. The flow of fluid through the outlet 11 is stopped.

With further inflow of fluid, its level in the overflow device rises, and the overflow device floats on the liquid. Pressure of steam 5 Pd., Pfi-s. the liquid level in the overflow device is above the upper edge of the bowl 18, as a result of which the liquid level on the plate 5 rises, preventing the process of bubbling vapor through the layer of liquid on the plate. As a result of immersion in the liquid, the bowl 18 with the stem 19 and the valve 17 floats under the action of the pushing force of the spring 20, opening an opening 15 through which liquid begins to flow into the outlet AND, lowering the level of the liquid in the overflow device and on the canvas of the plate 5 and eliminating liquid choking .

When choking couple (,). a) the vapors slip through the layer of liquid on the plate, forming a foam, and at the same time enter the outlet 11 of the vysera-positioned plate. In this case, the process of mass transfer is disturbed (Fig. 6). The vapor pressure in the outlet 11 is transferred to the valve 17, which rises together with the rod 9 and the thicket 18, opening the opening 15 and the outlet from the outlet 11 of the pair, the latter passing upwards through the fluid layer in the overflow device. In this case, the difference in vapor pressure between the plates is reduced, the valve 17 is lowered, closing the opening 15, after which the normal operation of the apparatus is restored.

When stopping the work column and PPA

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rata when RP Ra-g. The liquid from the plates is drained into the overflow devices, and the liquid remaining on the plates successively flows to the underlying plates, collecting in the lower part of the apparatus, from where it is pumped out in line 4. At the same time, the flow of liquid through the drain bar 8 into the overflow device stops (Fig. 7 ). The liquid from the bowl 18 flows out completely through the drainage holes, the level of the liquid in the overflow device decreases. By lightening the weight of the bowl 18, the spring 20 lifts the bowl 18 with the rod 19 and the valve 17, opening the opening 15. Liquid from the overflow device flows into the outlet 11 on the lower plate and successively through the remaining plates to the lower part of the apparatus. In this way, accelerated discharge of fluid from overflow devices is achieved.

The use of the proposed device automatically eliminates flooding in liquid and steam, ensuring stable operation of the mass transfer apparatus, and when stopped, accelerated draining of liquid from overflow devices and removal from the apparatus, reduces the cost of steam and shortens the time for evaporation of petroleum residues.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Column mass transfer apparatus for carrying out the processes of rectification and ab0 five 0 five sorption, containing a body with plates installed in it, overflow devices, including each drain partition, a receiving partition, a valve installed on the bottom of the overflow device between the receiving partition and the housing, characterized in that, in order to eliminate the overflow of the overflow devices during operation of the apparatus and provide accelerated removal of the liquid phase, it is equipped with a block with a bottom, the valve is located between the drain wall and the housing and is placed in a block made in the form of a cylindrical housing with es mi arranged from the bottom layer to the top of the perforated lid, wherein in the bottom center, an opening with a welded on its edges nozzle unit provided with a bowl with drain hole, rod, tap, and a spring attached at one end to the bottom thereof, and others; - to the bowl, the thicket is strengthened on the PC. which is attached to the bottom end of the valve, blocking the hole in the bottom of the block, and the tube telescopically enters into the outlet with a free fit, the latter is welded to the bottom of the overflow device and is located with a slope to the center of the underlying plate. rj Srig. itzrtii V v  in four figl