SU1428300A1 - Automated system for regulating hydroregime of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the reclamation of agricultural land. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of regulation of the water regime of the soil. The system contains a main channel 1 and a regulating channel 2 with an avanamera 3. A pump station 4 with a pressure pipe 5 is installed in the avancamera. The water supply is controlled by gateways-regulators 6 and 7 at the inlet and outlet of the annealing chamber and butterfly valves 8 and 9 on the pressure pipe with the help of electric drives. The system also contains drains 10, a water level sensor 11 in the channel, a water level sensor 12 in the avancamera, a groundwater level sensor 13, a precipitation sensor 14, an air temperature sensor 15, an air humidity deficit sensor 16. The actuators are controlled by the control device 17, and the required water levels are controlled by blocks 18 and 19 setting the levels in the avant-chamber and in the regulating channel. The optimal regulation is achieved by using an electronic-computer complex consisting of an analog-digital converter 20, a data input unit and programs 21, a microcontroller (M) 22 and a matching unit 23. M 22 connected via analog-digital converter 20 to sensors 13, 14 , 15, 16 and to the data entry unit-21, calculates the average moisture reserve of the soil on the basis of the incoming information. When it deviates from the optimal value, M-22 calculates the required groundwater level, generates signals for changing the set values of the water levels in the avant-chamber 3, the regulating channel 2 and the operating mode of the system, coming through the matching unit 23 to the task and control units 18, 19 The device 17, to which the sensors of levels 11, 12 are connected, also forms the delay time taking into account the dynamics of the soil moisture reserve and determining the operation cycle of the system. 1 il. 3c ate Yu 00

Description

The invention relates to irrigation reclamation in agriculture and is intended for automatic regulation of the water regime of the soil on drainage-wetting systems with a machine lift.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of adjustment.

The drawing shows the proposed system.

The system of automated regulation of water regime of the soil contains the main channel 1 and the regulating channel 2 connected to it with an avanamera 3 and installed in the last pump station 4 pumping water from the avancamera 3 to the accumulation pipeline 5. On the regulating channel at the inlet and outlet of the avankemer Turns 6 and 7. On the pressure pipe 5, valves with electric drives 8 and 9 are installed for pumping water into the main 1 and control 2 channels. Drainage and humidifying drains 10 are connected to the regulating channel, and there may be some known designs of drains made of any materials, including non-sloping, with a reverse bias, etc. Thus, the regulating network of drains 10 performs as in most of the known designs of dehumidifying and moistening systems, a dual role: during dehumidification, dehumidifiers, and at humidification, humidifiers. There is a water level sensor -11 in the control channel, and a water level sensor 12 is installed in the avant-chamber, a water level level sensor 13 is installed in the inter-field, in addition, precipitation sensors 14, air temperature 15 and relative air humidity 16 are included in the system .

The control of the gateway regulator 6 and 7, pumping station 4 and butterfly valves 8 is controlled by the control device 17. In addition, the system is equipped with a water level setting unit 18 in the avancamera, a control channel level setting unit 19 and an electronic-computer complex (CG). The latter includes a block 19 for setting the water level in the control channel, an analog-to-digital converter 20, a block 21 for entering data and programs, a microcontroller 22 and a block 23 for matching. Level 11 and 12 sensors have the first input — information about the water level in the channel (avant-cell), the second input — a signal about changes in the level assignments, and one output — a signal to the control unit 17. When the setting changes with sensors 11 and 12 using blocks 18 and 19, the threshold for their triggering is changed, and a level of ambiguity (deadband) is always provided on the level sensors; in the dehumidification mode, the pump is turned on at the water level corresponding to the upper of the involved electrodes, and is turned off when it is triggered

level below the lower of the involved electrodes, and in the wet mode - vice versa. When a task changes, both upper and lower limits synchronously change.

The system of automated regulation of water regime of the soil works as follows.

The algorithm of functioning of the system on the use of the equation of water balance taking into account the dynamics of the soil moisture reserve, which can be represented as

(Fa + Ka + Er) - (T + E „4-Fg) DW ,, where Fa is the infiltration (absorption) of water from the soil surface into the aeration zone (zone of incomplete saturation);

Ka - moisture condensation in the aeration zone;

E | - - evaporation from the groundwater groundwater table (capillary outflow of moisture into the aeration zone from the groundwater surface); T is plant transpiration; Е „- evaporation from the soil surface; Fg - filtered water to the level of groundwater;

AWa - change in moisture reserves in the aeration zone.

T and E (- in sum, the evaporation E, which is a function of temperature, deficit of air humidity, phase of development and type of plants, water-physical properties of soils, is determined by calculation using a series of empirical coefficients obtained in natural conditions, in addition, on drainage and humidification systems, where GWL is the main regulating quantity, E is a function of H — the depth of GWG and the duration of their standing (M).

Before starting work, through the data entry unit 21, the values of empirical coefficients of biological coefficients of cultivated crops, coefficients of using precipitation and porosity of soil grounds for calculating total evaporation and capillary feeding, data on the lowest soil moisture capacity, initial moisture content are entered into the memory of microcontroller 22. and the allowable range of change in moisture content, as well as the subroutine for calculating the total evaporation, capillary feeding and time delays, after which the reuse system ITS in the automatic mode.

Microcontroller 22, using information from analogue-to-digital converter 20 from groundwater level sensors 13, precipitation 14, temperature 15 and relative humidity 16, as well as data and subroutines entered into its memory, calculates the average moisture content and its deviation from the optimal value. If the calculated moisture reserve is above the norm and the amount of its deviation is outside the permissible range, then microcontroller 22 calculates the required groundwater level and generates a signal to decrease the level in the avancamer 3, coming through the matching unit 23 to the task block 18. If the system operates in the humidification mode, the microcontroller 22 generates an additional signal about the transfer of the system to the dehumidification mode, received through unit 23 according to the result of changing the task on the control sensors 11 and 12, and the water regulating unit goes into moisturizing. At the same time, the gateway-regulator 7 and the rotary shutter 8 are closed, the gateway-opens. the controller 6 and the butterfly valve 9, after which the pump station 4 is turned on and the further operation of the system is monitored by the sensors 11 and 12 of the level. The water from the main channel 1 flows by gravity to the advances to the control device 17. The chamber 3, from where it is pumped over the pumping station. As a result, the task at the sensor station 4 through the discharge pipe 5 changes

microcontroller 22 generates a delay time, taking into account the dynamics of moisture supply, after which the output of the data input unit 21 receives a cycle end signal from the output of the microcontroller 22, when the level of groundwater rises to a value close to the calculated one. after which the process is repeated.

and from there it is pumped out by the pump station 4 20 In case of precipitation, the microcont- through the pressure pipeline 5 to the main roller-22 forms a signal to stop

  the water supply coming through the matching unit 23 to the control unit 17, as a result of which the pumping station 4 is turned off and the system switches to the warning gateway mode. If the amount of precipitation falls preke 12 level, and the water control unit goes into a drainage mode. This opens the gate controller 7 and the butterfly valve 8, the gateway controller 6 and the gate valve 9 are closed 5, after which the pump station 4 is turned on and the further operation of the system is monitored by the level sensor 12. Excessive water from drains 10 flows through regulating channel 2 into the anankamera 3

When the groundwater level drops to a value close to the calculated one, the microcontroller 22 generates a delay time that takes into account the moisture dynamics, after which from the output of the microcontroller 22 to the input of the data input unit 21 whereupon the process is repeated. Thus, at the end of the cycle, the norm is raised, the microcontroller 22 forms a signal that the water regulating unit is transferred to the dehumidification mode, regardless of the vein delay, after which the microcontroller ZO means the design reserve water level and level

calculates the moisture reserve taking into account changes in meteorological parameters and GW. If its value is outside the permissible range, then the calculated new value of the GWL and the signal is given to change the reference, which leads to a change in the position of the valves and the inclusion of pumping units. If not, then a repeated time delay is formed, during which preventive locking takes place, i.e. the pumping units are shut off, the gates

are in positions corresponding to

previous mode.

If the value of the calculated moisture reserve is below the norm and its deviation from the specified value is outside the permissible range, then microcontroller 22 calculates the required level of groundwater and generates signals for an increase in the level in the control channel 2 n about the level changes in the avancamera 3 to the level except for 45

Thus, in the proposed system, the microcontroller, whose inputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter and the data input unit, calculates the average moisture content, its deviation from the optimum value and the required groundwater level, using information received through the analog-digital converter, as well as dange and subroutines located in fixed memory. On

dry X pump, which is based on this data, it produces

they fall respectively on blocks 19 and 18 zadu-signals to change the water levels in the channel

nor (“dry run” is a critical mark to the avant-cancer chamber and signals for a change in the level, at which there can be a cavitation of the system’s operation, coming through the

pumps). If the system is running in the drain mode, then the microcontroller 22

matching, respectively, to the units for changing the task of the level sensors, connects the additional signal about the control signals to the control unit, and to

water system-humidification, post-control device, in addition, mikpayuschie through block 23 approval on up-rokontroller forms the delay time,

equating device 17. taking into account the dynamics of moisture reserve. According to the result, the task on the control sensors 11 and 12 is changed, and the water control unit switches to humidification mode. At the same time, the gateway-regulator 7 and the rotary shutter 8 are closed, the gateway-opens. the controller 6 and the butterfly valve 9, after which the pump station 4 is turned on and the further operation of the system is monitored by the sensors 11 and 12 of the level. The water from the main channel 1 flows by gravity into the avant-glass to the control device 17, as a result of which the pumping station 4 is switched off and the system switches to the warning locking mode. If the amount of precipitation exceeds the norm, the microcontroller 22 will generate a signal to transfer the water-regulating unit to the dehumidification mode, regardless of century 3.

groundwater, and the specified value of the level in the avancamera 3 is reduced to the minimum value, thereby preventing an excessive rise in the level of groundwater due to precipitation and over-wetting of the soil. If it is necessary to raise the level of groundwater when moistening or further lowering it with drainage, the operating mode of the anankamer and the channel does not change, and only a change in the reference level in the regulating channel 2 and the avan chamber 3 occurs.

45

Thus, in the proposed system, the microcontroller, whose inputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter and the data input unit, calculates the average moisture content, its deviation from the optimum value and the required groundwater level, using information received through the analog-digital converter, as well as dange and subroutines located in fixed memory. On

matching, respectively, to the blocks for changing the task of the level sensors, the connection of which from the output of the microcontroller to the input of the data input signals the end of the next cycle. Due to this, the system maintains the soil moisture content in areas in a given range under the conditions of influence of stochastic disturbances (total evaporation and precipitation). The introduction of an automated system makes it possible, by improving the quality of regulating the water regime of the soil, to increase the yield of cultivated crops by 20–30%, to reduce water consumption, and for moistening and energy consumption, as well as capital investments in the construction of new drainage and wetting systems by reducing regulating capacity of the reservoir.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula An automated system for regulating the water regime of the soil, including the main canal of the implementation-dampening drain, connected to the regulating canal, an anchor chamber between the main and regulating canals, equipped with control gateways and pumping stations installed at its inlet and outlet. 0 five 0 five station, pressure pipeline, which is hydraulically connected to main and control channels through butterfly valves, as well as level sensors in the avankamer and in the control channel, connected to the control device, the outputs of which are connected to the electric wires of the gateways-regulators, pump station and butterfly valves , and a groundwater level sensor, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of regulation, the system is equipped with an electronic-computer complex and connected to its inputs by precipitation sensors, air temperature and relative air humidity, as well as water level setting blocks in the avancamera and in the control channel, connected between the outputs of the electronic-computer complex and the level sensor inputs in the avancamera and in the control channel, the electronic-computer complex being in the form of series-connected an analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller with a data input unit, and a matching unit whose outputs are connected to a control device, and with an additional input of an analog-digital converter verters connected groundwater level sensor.