SU1419981A1 - Method of treating effluents of animal-raising complexes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to the treatment of the waste waters of livestock farms. The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of wastewater treatment and simplify the process while at the same time obtaining feed biomass. The wastewaters of livestock breeding complexes are clarified, kept in the reservoir until the organic matter content in them is 1000-1500 mg Oo / l, then they are fed into the reservoir forming a culture medium for daphnia, pre-filled with flood water in a volume 50-60 times the daily volume the supplied wastewater, after which the culture medium with an organic content of 100-300 mg is fed into the cultivator, which consists of 24 sections, pre-filled with flood water in volume, 3 times the volume of the culture medium, followed by the next sequential introduction into the daphnia section at the rate of 2-3 g / m. COD of purified water 20-40 mg, the amount of feed biomass. 500 - 1300 mg / l. 1 z.p, f-ly, 4 tab. (/) WITH

Description

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i The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to the treatment of waste water from livestock combs. The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of wastewater treatment and simplify the process while at the same time obtaining feed biomass.

I The method is carried out as follows.

I Sewage water with an organic matter content of 15000-10000 enters facilities to remove sediment from them using any of the known methods (cleaning in horizontal or B1 vertical settling tanks, separating sediment on vibrating screens, vibrating screens, sludge platforms, etc.). After removing the sediment, the organic content

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These substances in clarified effluents of these compounds reach 4000–2500 mg and are fed into a storage tank. In the course of the development of self-purification in the wastewater entering the storage tank, the biomass of bacteria and other microorganisms inhabiting 6 polluted waters increases. As a result, a further significant decrease in the content of inert organic matter to the level of 1500-1000 mg occurs in the effluent. With a decrease in the level of organic matter up to these limits, the effluent is fed into the reservoir of the formation of a culture medium for breeding daphias, previously, once per cleaning season, filled with flood water. Under the conditions of the technological mode, the working volume of the capacity of forming the culture medium should be 50-60 times greater than the daily volume of wastewater supplied from the storage tank. The technological regime of the capacity of forming the culture medium contributes to a further decrease in the content of organic matter in the effluent in the range of 300-100 mg Oi / l. In this connection, at this stage of purification, the further development of the biomass of hydrobionts occurs, its enrichment with new species and the formation of conditions favorable for the livelihood of filter crustaceans. Next, the formed culture medium is fed to the daphnia cultivator, which odecne interrupts the continuity of the process of further wastewater treatment and the constant reproduction of the biomass of crustaceans. This allows at the end of the cleaning process

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receive a guaranteed amount of pure water with an organic matter content of no more than 40-20 mg, suitable for domestic use, and daphnia biomass in an amount of 0.3-0.5 kg / m of water, which can be used as a valuable protein component in diets of farm animals. The essence of the process in a cultivator for breeding daphnids and final wastewater treatment is as follows. The entire working volume of the cultivator is divided into 24 sections. The working volume of each section corresponds to 3 times the daily volume of wastewater supplied to the cultivator from the tank of formation of the culture medium. This volume ratio creates favorable conditions for the development of daphnia biomass and the wastewater treatment process. Before starting work, all sections of the cultivator are filled with floodwater once. After the sections are filled, a daily volume of wastewater is supplied to the first section and daphnids are populated at the rate of 2.0-3.0 g / m medium. The next day, this operation is performed in the second section, and so on until the last section. Thus, during the start-up period, the cultivator sections are filled with floodwater, manure culture medium and daphne colonization is performed alternately in each section in the first 24 days from the start of the process. After 24 days in the first section of the cultivator, the daphnia biomass reaches a maximum value of 0.3-0.5 kg / m, and the culture medium is converted into pure water with an organic matter content of not more than 40-20 mg. On day 25, biomass is captured from this section. Daphnia feed and clean water supply for household needs. Clean water is supplied in a volume equal to the daily rate of the culture medium of the effluent entering the cultivator. After catching the crustaceans and supplying clean water in the section, 2.0-3.0 kg of daphnia and clean water are left in an amount equal to 3/4 of the working volume of the section. Then it again serves to clean up the next rate of waste. The next day, this operation is carried out in the second section, etc. Thus, during the entire cleaning period, the continuity of the technological process is ensured, which makes it possible to obtain constant quantities of pure water and crustacean feed biomass every day.

Organic matter content greater than 1500 mg Oj / n leads to deterioration of the conditions for the existence of daphnia, a decrease in their production capacity and a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment, while a decrease of 1000 mg leads to a deterioration of the food environment and a decrease in the yield of feed biomass.

The content of organic matter in wastewaters above 300 mg 02 / l adversely affects their viability and inhibits the cleaning process and reduces the degree of purification; the content of 100 mg Oj / l does not provide a guaranteed yield of daphnia feed biomass due to the low feed level of the culture medium. Dilution of wastewater from the storage tank to the capacity of forming the culture medium less than 50 times worsens the conditions of daphnia cultivation and the process of wastewater treatment. Dilution of wastewater by more than 60 times leads to a significant deterioration in the feeding conditions of the daphnia cultivation environment.

A 3-fold excess of the volume of each section of the cultivator in comparison with the volume of wastewater coming from the tank of the formation of the culture medium ensures the normal development of the wastewater treatment process at the last stage up to the norms of organic matter content characterizing pure water suitable for technical purposes.

A 24-section cultivator allows sequential alternation of the population of daphni sections, taking into account their biological development up to the peak stage of the crustacean biomass on the 24th day.

Example. Baseline effluent of the novodichesky complexes is fed into the system of horizontal sedimentation tanks, where they are separated into sediment and light fraction. After sedimentation, the organic matter content in the clarified effluent is 4000 mg Oa / L in terms of chemical oxygen consumption. Clarified drains with this content.

Organic matter is fed to the accumulator of clarified wastewater, which is a capacity of arbitrary volume, but not less than the monthly volume of wastewater accumulated in this enterprise. Thus, the amount of liquid entering the accumulator of clarified effluents is equal to the amount of liquid supplied to the tank to form a cultured medium for 1 day. During this period, with average daily positive temperatures of 10–15 ° C in the wastewater, the organic matter content is reduced to 1000 mg. Later on, during the season, the clarified effluents with organic matter content by COD up to 4000 mg QI / P are subjected to systematic dilution and bacterial destruction during the cleaning season, as a result of which the total organic matter content in this reservoir is 1500 mg. Thus, the residence time of wastewater entering the reservoir does not exceed 30 days. According to the requirements of the technological mode, the capacity of forming the culture medium must be filled with clean water before the start of cleaning. The volume of the tank must be 50 times higher than the volume of wastewater supplied to the purification from the storage pond. In accordance with the purification conditions, the residence time of the wastewater in the reservoir of formation of the culture medium in terms of water exchange is 50 days. The volume of wastewater supplied to the daphnia cultivator is equal to the volume of wastewater supplied from the accumulator to the capacity of the formation of the culture medium. The wastewater supplied to the daphnia cultivator, according to the requirements of the technology of the proposed method, is in the section for cleaning for 24 days. Thus, provided that the wastewater is treated according to the full technological scheme, the cleaning time is 55 days. The total content of organic matter in the obtained pure water is 40 mg.

The volume of each section should be equal to 3 times the daily volume of effluent culture medium. The depth of the section is 0.4-0.5 m. Before they start, they are filled with floodwater.

The 24 aquariums are fed with the culture medium of manure wastewater with an organic matter content of 300-100 mg and populate the initial amount of daphnia - 10 mg / l. The feeding of culture medium and the colonization of daf-vii into aquariums are carried out alternately in each aquarium for 24 days. On day 25, 75% of the obtained pure water and EO-95% of the daphnia biomass are removed from the first aquarium. At this time, in IB aquarium the content of organic matter is reduced to 20 mg and the biomass of crustaceans reaches 11,200 mg / l. After capturing the biomass of crustaceans and overflowing, the net water received once again serves the culture medium of manure to it. The next day, the capture of biomass, overflow of water IK, the flow of fresh effluent is carried out in the second tank, then in the third and IT.d. up to the 24th aquarium inclusive. : After that, all the described operations I are performed again, starting with the 1st aquarium.

In tab. Table 1 gives a definition of the amount of daphnia biomass produced, the timing of its reproduction and a decrease in the content of organic matter in the process of sewage treatment.

The content of organic matter in wastewater in the range of 500 - 400 mg O2 / l leads to the mass death of the inhabited crustaceans. When the organic matter content in the medium of manure is 300-400 mg, the population develops slowly, for 21-24 days. The degree of wastewater treatment does not allow to characterize them as water suitable for domestic use, and the amount of biomass produced is significantly less than in the 3rd and 4th variants. Only the content of organic matter in the cleaned environment of manure runoff within 300-100 mg Oi / l ensures the development of biomass within 22 days, bringing its value to 0.9-1.5 kg / m. The degree of purification on the content of organic matter also reaches the highest value: 4Q-20 and 20-15 mg.

In tab. 2 shows the definition of the timing of the reproduction of daphnia biomass and the amount of reproducible biomass after catching daphnia and replacing the culture medium, depending on the volume of biomass to be caught and the volume of the culture medium to be replaced.

A peak in biomass development is observed on days 19-26 of the experiment. After catching the crustaceans, the second maximum of the development of the Daphnia biomass is fastest in the variant where 75% of the Daphnia are caught. Its value reaches 800 g / m. In other embodiments, the peak occurs 2-4 days later and does not exceed 400-600 g / m.

The shortest period of Daphnia reproduction and the largest value of their biomass are obtained by replacing the treated wastewaters with fresh ones in a volume of 75%. In tab. Table 3 shows the determination of the degree of purification of the culture medium of manure effluent depending on the amount of daphnia biomass being caught and the volume of the culture medium being replaced.

The best cleaning effect is achieved after catching manure effluent from the cleaned environment with 75% of the biomass obtained and replacing 75% of the net water with new wastewater.

Comparative with the prototype Data are presented in table. four.

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Claims (2)

1. A method for purification of wastewater from livestock complexes, including clarification of raw wastewater, removal of purified water and sludge obtained, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of purification and simplify the process while obtaining feed biomass, the clarified wastewater is kept in an accumulator to contain organic 1000-1500 mg of substances in them, then they are fed into the capacity of forming a culture medium for daphnia, pre-filled with flood water in a volume that exceeds the daily volume 50-60 times avaemyh wastewater then kulturalt- hydrochloric environment with a content of organic matter fed into 100-300 mg: cultivator consisting of 24 sections of pre-filled flood water in an amount three times the volume of the culture medium, followed by alternately introducing in the daphnia section. 2. The method according to claim 1, of which the daphnia in the section is introduced at the rate of 2-3 g / m. Table Table 3 Control (purified culture does not replace medium) Feed biomass mg / l 120-80 Table 4 500-1300