SU1406125A1 - Method of producing granulated slag - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction, namely the production of porous aggregates. The goal is to reduce energy costs. The components are pre-ground, mixed in a mixer to obtain a mixture, then the mixture is subjected to heating and melting in a cyclone melting unit with air supply, after which cooling and granulation are carried out. Use a mixture containing 15-35% solid fuel by weight of the mixture. Before heating, additional grinding of the charge to a specific surface area of 6000–8000 was performed. The charge is heated by waste gases from the cyclone melting unit with simultaneous gasification of the charge fuel at a ratio of the reaction surface of the powder to a unit volume of gases of 0.05-0.5 m / m. The air is supplied to the cyclone smelting unit by heated gases from this unit. 1 tab. i (L

Description

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The invention relates to the building materials industry, namely the production of porous aggregates,

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption.

Air is supplied to the cyclone melting unit heated to 400-800 ° C, which is sufficient for intensively passing the melting process and reducing the melt viscosity. When using air blowing with a temperature below 400 ° C, the melting process slows down and additional fuel appears to be needed, and the air above 800 ° C is heated by gases, from-. coming from a cyclone smelting unit is difficult and impractical.

Thus, the waste from the cyclone melting unit is used for preheating and gasifying the fuel, as well as for

heating the air supplied to the cycle,

single melting unit. Due to this, the fuel consumption for heating the charge and air is significantly reduced and the melting process is intensified. In addition, the disposal of waste gases reduces the specific degree of thermal pollution of the environment, increasing the efficiency of energy costs.

Example 1, to obtain

granulated slag produces per mole of components, then ipc is mixed in a mixer to obtain a mixture. The mixture containing 15% of fuel in the form of coke or unburned fuel part of the fly ash of thermal power plants is crushed to a specific surface of 6000 cm / g, heated by a mixture of hot gases from the cyclone melting unit with simultaneous gasification of the fuel of the charge the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases is 0.05. Air is supplied to the cyclone melting unit heated to 400 ° C. The mixture is melted at 1350 ° C. The melt is cooled by blowing the jet of melt with an air-water mixture. The resulting granules t. Crushed.

Example 2. The mixture containing 15% of the fuel is crushed to a specific surface of 8000, the mixture is heated with simultaneous gasification of the charge fuel. Reaction ratio

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Noah surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases 0.05 m / m. Further, as in example 1.

Example 3. The mixture containing 15% of fuel is crushed to a specific surface of 6000 cm / g, the mixture is heated with simultaneous gasification. fuel charge. The ratio of the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit gas volume is 0.5 m / m. Next, similarly to example 1.

Example 4. The mixture containing 15% of the fuel is crushed to a specific; surfaces of 8000 cm / g, heat the mixture with simultaneous gasification of the fuel of the mixture. The ratio of the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases is 0.5. Further, as in example 1.

Example 5. The mixture containing 35% of the fuel is crushed to a specific surface of 6000, the mixture is heated with simultaneous gasification of the fuel of the mixture. The ratio of the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases is 0.05, further analogous to example 1. The use of a charge containing less than 15 wt.% Solid fuel based on the weight of the charge leads to an increase in energy consumption during melting of the charge and an increase in the melting temperature of the charge carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and hydrogen, contributing to the formation in the mixture of a significant amount of low-melting silicates.

The use of a mixture containing more than 35% by weight of solid fuel from May of dryness of the mixture leads to an excessive consumption of fuel: which is not economically feasible and does not improve the quality of the granules. In addition, there is a significant increase in the temperature of the charge before melting, which results in the loss of some of the fuel components, a change in the chemical composition of the gaseous medium in the cyclone melting unit, a higher melting temperature and an increase in heat loss.

Additional grinding of the charge before heating up to 6000-8000 allows more complete use of the fuel containing part of the charge, to ensure rapid heating of the multi-dispersion mixture BEFORE the temperature of the onset of gasification of unburned fuel from

This leads to an increase in the reaction rate between the charge particles and the gas and increases the temperature of the gases fed to the melting unit, i.e. intensifies the process. In addition, the mixture contains both low-melting and refractory components. The larger the contact surface of the refractory component with the low melting point, the more uniformly the melt of the first component is saturated with the chemicals contained in the second. When grinding the mixture to 6000-8000 cm / g and mixing as a result of additional grinding of the refractory component with a low-melting melt, the melting occurs faster and the melt is more homogeneous.

Grinding the mixture to a specific surface area of less than 6000-8000 makes it difficult to pre-gasify the residual fuel in the ash and raises the melting point and the heating time of the mixture.

The use of the mixture with a specific surface of more than 8000 cm / g leads to intensive heating of small particles. As a result, the temperature of gasification products released from the particles is rapidly increasing, almost coinciding with the continuously increasing temperature of the particle. A sharp increase in the temperature of the gaseous medium can lead to its ignition, which is undesirable for carrying out a normal melting process. In addition, grinding to a surface of more than 8000 requires considerable energy consumption. Therefore, additional grinding of the charge to a specific surface area of more than 8000 is not economically inoperable: Zen.

Heating the charge prior to gasification of the unburned fuel from the charge using the hot gases generated in the smelting unit reduces energy costs for heating and melting the charge, reduces the heat losses and reduces the degree of environmental pollution to minimum. Failure to use hot gases from the smelting unit to heat the mixture requires high fuel consumption, the use of special fuel burners leads to large heat losses with waste gases and sharply

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increases the degree of thermal pollution of the environment.

The temperature of the hot gases supplied from the smelter is sufficient to heat the charge and start gasification of the unburned fuel. Pre-gasification of the fuel speeds up the melting process due to the absence of heavy hydrocarbons in the gas and an increase in CO and H. The release of carbon monoxide during gasification of the fuel helps to reduce the charge oxides, leading to the formation of more low-melting compounds.

A reduction in the ratio of the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases less than 0.05 leads to a slowdown in the process of heating and melting, large heat losses with waste gases and disruption of the closed thermal cycle, increasing energy consumption.

The ratio of the reaction surface of the charge particles to a unit volume of gases greater than 0.5 m / m does not allow the mixture to be heated quickly to the desired temperature, slow down the entire process or require additional fuel costs.

Specific examples of the implementation of this and known methods and test examples, as well as their characteristics are shown in the table.

As follows from the data presented in the table, the proposed method for producing granulated slag both-i reduces the fuel consumption (taking into account the fuel in the charge) as compared with the known and 12-14 times, and the reduction in electric power consumption - 5.5-5. 6 times.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of obtaining granulated slag, which includes pre-grinding of components, mixing them in a mixer to obtain a mixture and heating it, melting in a cyclone melting unit with air supply, cooling and granulation, characterized in that, with the value of -. In order to reduce energy consumption, 15-35% by weight of solid fuel is added to the mixture based on the weight of the mixture; additional heating is carried out before heating. 514061256 the charge to the specific surface of the 6000 - the reaction surface of the particles 8000 cnVr, heating the charge of the production of the charge to a unit volume of 0.05 gases from the cyclone melting plant of 0.5 m / m% and air into the cyclone plagregat with gases of the gassing unit at the same time serves heated fication of the fuel of the charge with the ratio-gases emanating from this unit