SU139392A1 - Method for producing surfactant quaternary ammonium compounds - Google Patents

Description

A known method for producing surface-active quaternary ammonium compounds by chloromethylation of the corresponding compounds, followed by condensation of reaction products with tertiary amines or pyridine. However, conventional methods for the synthesis of these compounds, "as a rule, are based on expensive and hard-to-reach raw materials. In contrast to the known ones, the proposed method provides for the preparation of surface-active quaternary ammonium compounds based on benzene and available natural aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the kerosene fractions of oil and monoalkylbenzene (with an alkyl group Ci2-Cj4), which is a semi-product of the production of alkylbenzene sulfonicates.

In the synthesis process, aromatic hydrocarbons or monoalkylbenzene are chloromethylated with hydrogen chloride and paraformaldehyde in the presence of zinc chloride and acetic acid, after which the alkyl benzyl chlorides obtained in the first stage are condensed with a tertiary amine or lyridine.

Example 1. A mixture of 170 kg of alkylbenzene (sulphurized content of 30%), 7.7 kg of paraformaldehyde, 30 kg of fused zinc and 62 kg of glacial acetic acid, while being stirred, are heated to 70 ° and passed through it for 10 hours so dry chloride hydrogen at a speed of 3 kg / h. Then the upper layer is separated, otdovyut it with nitrogen "filtered. The resulting alkyl benzyl chloride Condensate with trimethylamine. In ethyl alcohol, for which the mixture of these components, taken in stoichiometric ratios, is heated for 10 hours at 80 °. At the end of the reaction, water is added, the aqueous alcohol layer is separated and evaporated. Paraalkylbenzyltr-imethylammonium chloride is obtained with a content of about 10% water, which is a yellow, maze-like mass, readily soluble in warm water and alcohol.

No. 139392-2 -

Paraalkylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride (water content of 15%) and condensate paraalkylbenzylchloride with pyridine in isopropyl alcohol are used to produce paraalkylbenzylphenylaceheneane-radium alkylnitrileradiylmethylchloride by means of isopropyl alcohol and trizthylamine.

Example 2. A mixture of 165 / cr | kerosene (the content of natural aromatic hydrocarbons is 22.2%), 9.7 kg of paraformaldehyde, 3.5 kg of refined ground zinc chloride and 74.5 kg of glacial acetic acid with stirring Heated to 60 ° C and at this temperature, for 4 hours, a current of dry hydrogen chloride is passed at a rate of 9 kg / hour. Then the upper layer is separated, purged with nitrogen and filtered. The resulting chloromethylated kerosene is condensed under the conditions of Example 1 with a stoichiometric amount of Tp: methyl methyamylium in ethyl alcohol. Alzhylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride is obtained, which is a yellow viscous mass with a water content of up to 15%.

Alkyl benzyltriethylammonium chloride is obtained by condensation of chloromethyl alkaline kerosene under the conditions of example 1 with triethylamine in an insoluble alcohol medium, and alkyl benzyl pyridinium chloride is obtained by condensation of chloromethylated kerrs with pyridine in isopropyl alcohol.

 Subject invention

The method of obtaining surface-active Quaternary ammonium compounds by chloromethylene or aromatic hydrocarbons, followed by condensation of alkyl benzyl chloride with a tertiary amine or Pyridine, characterized in that natural aromatic hydrocarbons are used as raw materials in order to wipe raw materials for the production of cationic compounds, natural aromatic hydrocarbons are used as raw materials in order to wipe raw materials for the production of cationic compounds. synthetic alkyl benzenes, which are intermediates in the production of alkylaryl sulfonates.