SU1392309A1 - Apparatus for fire disposal of liquid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the fire disposal of waste and can be used in various technological processes in the disposal of waste oil, chemical and other industries. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the device. In the combustion chamber 1 there are burners 3, nozzles 4 thr.

Description

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. Exact air and secondary air nozzles 5 with nozzles 6 arranged therein for spraying liquid waste. The nozzles 5 with nozzles 6 are oriented relative to the axis of the chamber along parallel chords. Through the nozzles 5 and nozzles 6, a gas-liquid suspension of secondary air with liquid waste is introduced into the swirling flow of the combustion products of the fuel and primary air. Both jets, introduced from opposite sides, collide in the center, as a result of which there is an additional deep crushing of droplets and particles of waste, which increases the completeness of the disposal of waste. 2 h, para. f-ly, 8 ill.

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The invention relates to the fire disposal of waste generated during the operation of vessels, and can be used in various technological processes during the liquidation of waste oil, chemical and other industries.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of work.

FIG. 1 shows a device for firing decontamination of ate waste in the first embodiment of the embodiment, a vertical section in FIG. 2 is a cross-section A-D in FIG. one; FIG. 3, section BB, FIG. one; FIG. 4 is a section B-B of FIG. 1J in FIG. 5 is a device for firing decontamination of liquid othoras in the second embodiment, the vertical section in FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the FIG. FIG. 7 is a view of D in FIG. 5, section j in FIG. 8 is a diagram of pneumatic drives.

The device for fire disposal of liquid waste in the first embodiment contains a cylindrical vertical combustion chamber 1, which passes into the flue 2.

Burners 3, tertiary air nozzles 4 and secondary air nozzles 5 are mounted on the cylindrical wall of the combustion chamber 1. there are nozzles 6 for spraying liquid waste therein. Primary air is supplied to the burners 3 via pipeline 7 and fuel via pipeline 8. Burners 3 and nozzles 4 are installed tangentially to the inner surface of the combustion chamber 1. Nozzles 5 of secondary air with nozzles 6 located in them are oriented relative to the axis of the chamber along parallel chords 9 in the counterclockwise direction.

In the second embodiment, the device for firing liquid waste disposal comprises a cylindrical combustion chamber 10, in the walls of which recesses 11 are made. In the latter, rotary nozzles 12 of secondary air are installed, which can be rotated relative to their vertical axes. The rotary nozzle 12 together with the nozzle 6 are fastened by means of a bracket 13 and a hinge 14 with a pneumatic cylinder 15. The cavity 16 of the pneumatic cylinder 15 is connected to the primary air pipeline 7. In the second cavity 17, a spring 18 and a nut 19 are installed to regulate the tension of the spring 18.

The device works as follows.

Through the burners 3, the mixture of diesel fuel and primary air is tangentially fed into the combustion chamber 1. The fuel is ignited. Form the front of burning fuel. The high-temperature swirling products of the combustion of fuel rise in the direction of the gas flue 2. Due to the heat generated by the complete combustion of the fuel, the combustion chamber is heated to 800-900 ° C,

Then, through the nozzles 5 and nozzles 6, a gas-liquid suspension of secondary air with liquid waste is introduced into the swirling flow of products of combustion of fuel and primary air. A suspension is introduced in the direction of parallel chords 9 against rotation of the swirling flow. Both suspension jets entered

From opposite sides of the chamber, they change their initially predetermined direction under the influence of a swirling flow of gas running laterally, move along curvilinear paths towards each other and collide in the center of the chamber.

Experimentally pre-set such optimal directions for the introduction of suspensions in which both jets, introduced from opposite sides, collide in the center, overlapping one another. Due to the shock interaction of the jets and turbulent flow pulsations arising in this case, additional deep fragmentation of droplets and waste particles occurs. In this case, the settling of the suspension on the walls of the chamber is excluded.

The bulk of the waste burns in the jet collision zone, where the counter-flowing gas-liquid suspension of secondary air with the waste is in contact not only with each other, but also with the high-temperature products burning in the opposite direction coming from the bottom of the combustion chamber.

At the borders of the meeting of multidirectional flows, there is an intensive mixing of the products of combustion of the fuel with a gas-liquid suspension. Due to the mutual inhibition of multidirectional flows, gases flow towards the center of rotation, which levels the concentrations of air and unoxidized products of combustion of fuel and waste over the cross section of the device. This achieves high completeness and intensity of waste combustion.

Through the nozzles 4, the tertiary air is tangentially and simultaneously rotated the products of combustion. Thereby, additional turbulence and reentry (. Mix the combustion products, eliminate the inhibitory effect of secondary-to-air waste gases introduced into the swirling flow, and impede the direct escape of the combustion products from the device. Some of the combustion products in the tertiary air inlet area are displaced them to the center of rotation and with an annular reverse flow are recycled down to the other of the burner. Complete burnout of non-combustible waste particles ensure

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they are held in the chamber С145ра11 and due to the force of gravity and inertial forces arising under the action of a swirling tertiary air flow. With the introduction of tertiary air, the final oxidation of the combustion products is carried out.

The temperature of the combustion products at the exit from the combustion chamber is maintained within 850-1000 ° C due to the corresponding consumption of fuel supplied through the burner 3, and the total k) excess air coefficient is within the range of 1.05-1.3. The specific value of the operating parameters, as well as the air distribution over the combustion zones, are determined by the qualitative composition of the liquid waste, the calorific value of the consistencies.

The device in the first embodiment is structurally simple and can be effectively used in the disposal of homogeneous waste.

In the case when it is necessary to switch from one type of waste to another, or the consistency of the waste changes, it is better to use the device in the second embodiment (Figs. 5 and 6).

When disposing of finely dispersed or high-energy waste, reduce fuel consumption and primary air, thereby reducing the rate of rotation of the swirling flow, and reduce the direction of input of the suspension from the center of the chamber.

In the case of disposal of hard-to-disperse or low-calorie waste fuel consumption, pressure and flow of primary air increase. This increases the speed of rotation of the swirling flow, the temperature in the lower part of the chamber increases, and the paths of movement of the injected waste lengthen before complete burning. With increasing pressure in the primary air pipeline 7, the piston of the pneumatic cylinder 15 is displaced, compresses the spring 18 and, acting through the hinge 14 and the bracket 13, rotates the rotary nozzle 12 around its vertical axis. In this case, the deviation of the direction of input of the waste slurry with the secondary air from the axis of the combustion chamber 10 increases.

By adjusting the stiffness of the spring 18 by means of the nut 19 in advance, a proportional displacement of the flow inlet direction depending on the change in the primary air pressure is achieved, which ensures the suspension jets in the center of the combustion chamber 10 at any pressure of the primary air.

Thus, the best conditions for crushing jets of suspension suspended from opposite sides of the chamber, resulting from turbulent vortices, are provided, and the suspension is prevented from falling on the chamber walls in different modes of operation of the device.

The use of the proposed isobenon allows to increase the completeness of waste disposal, the reliability of the device, as well as its efficiency. The device provides for the conditions of complete mutual overlapping of the waste streams and compensated for the lateral drift of the streams by a swirling flow. This makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the combustion chamber, provided that the incineration of the waste is ensured and there is no separation of the droplets on the chamber walls. In turn, reducing the diameter of the combustion chamber allows reducing fuel consumption and primary air for waste disposal, as well as reducing the size, weight and cost of the device without reducing the turnaround time of its service.

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Claims (1)

1, A device for firing liquid waste disposal, containing a vertical cylindrical chamber, burners for supplying fuel and primary air to them via pipelines, installed tangentially, secondary air nozzles with nozzles located in them for spraying liquid waste, installed on diametrically opposite walls of the chamber, and clamping for removal of gaseous combustion products, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of operation, the secondary air nozzles with x injectors are oriented parallel chords opposite to the insertion direction of the primary air in the chamber about a vertical axis kameryo 2, the apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles of the secondary air are mounted on a vertical axis of rotation and are attached to the rotation mechanism. 3, the Device in PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotation mechanism is made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a spring-loaded piston connected by a working cavity to the primary air pipeline, and the pneumatic cylinder is equipped with a spring tension regulator. - ALA. I- § Fi9. 79 IB BosJiP Fiz.b WU§ M . P AF