SU1382913A2 - Percussive machine - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to drum machines designed for use by the 15 mining industry in construction.

According to the main author. St. No. 1052627 is a percussion machine, including a hollow body, a working tool mounted in a body, a drummer, placed in the cavity of the body and dividing the specified cavity into two working chambers — front and rear, communicated With the latter, by means of an air-conducting sleeve, a pneumatic pulsator in the form of a 1OLO case with a movable propellant kinematically connected with the engine, the front and rear working chambers are isolated from the external environment and communicated with each other by a channel of small flow section 1.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the low specific power.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the power density.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the percussion machine the pneumatic pulsator is equipped with a receiver and a supercharger communicated with it through the compensating holes, the latter can be mounted in the end wall of the pulsator body, which in turn is made with a discharge cavity permanently communicated with the receiver.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed machine; in fig. 2 - the same, option.

The machine (Fig. 1) consists of a body 1, a working tool 2, a drummer 3, an air inlet hose 4 and a pneumatic pulsator equipped with a drive, a receiver of a small capacity and a low-capacity air blower. Work tool 2 is mounted in the front of the case. In the internal cavity of the housing, the drummer 3 is placed with the possibility of movement in the axial direction. The drummer divides the internal cavity of the housing into two working chambers — the front 5 and the rear 6. The front working chamber 5 communicates with the rear chamber 6 via a channel (not shown) of small flow area which can be performed, for example, in the drummer in the form of a hole, a slit, etc. The rear working chamber 6 is continuously communicated with the working cavity 7 of the pneumatic pulsator by means of an air supplying sleeve 4. The main elements of the pulsator are the body 8 and the displacer 9. The displacer can move along the axis of the body of the pulsator. The reciprocating movement of the displacer is carried out using a special mechanism, such as a crank drive. The drive can be applied to any type of engine, for example, electric. On the side wall of the pulsator body, a compensating hole 10 is made, through which the pulsator's working cavity communicates with the receiver 11 of a small container. The pulsator may have a discharge cavity 12 formed by the walls of the housing, the displacer 9 and the rod 13 of the displacer. The unloading cavity through channel 14 is permanently communicated with the receiver. The pulsator, in addition, is equipped with a pneumatic blower, which. It can be mounted in the end wall of the pulsator body and can be driven by a displacer. A pneumatic blower consists of a housing 15, a plunger 16 and a check valve 17. To supply compressed air from the blower to

The channel 11 serves as a channel 18. There is an inlet 19 on the side wall of the blower housing. The plunger of the blower is connected to the pulsator displacer and, during the operation of the maschina, moves together with the displacer.

0 The percussion machine (Fig. 1) works as follows.

When the engine is turned on, the pneumatic pulsator displacer moves reciprocally along the body axis

5 under the periodic law. At the same time, the air pressure in the working cavity 7 of the pulsator, in the air inlet sleeve and in the back working chamber of the mask is varied (at steady state) according to some periodic law with a period equal to

0 the period of movement of the displacer. Taking into account that the front and rear working chambers of the machine are interconnected by a channel of small flow area, the pressure in these chambers does not match. Under the action of a periodically varying pressure difference in the front and rear working chambers, the drummer reciprocates and strikes the back of the working tool. During the operation of the machine, the working cavity of the pulsator at

Each working cycle communicates with receiver 11 through compensation hole 10. Plunger 16 supercharger coupled to pulsator displacer 9 moves back and forth and forces air into receiver 11. When the pressure in the receiver reaches 5 the calculated value, the compressed air supply to it is stopped. The magnitude of the design pressure in the receiver depends on the degree of air compression in the supercharger and is determined by the design parameters of the supercharger;

0 time, when the supercharger does not supply compressed air to the receiver, it practically does not consume energy. The energy consumed in compressing the air in the supercharger during the direct stroke of the plunger performs useful work during the reverse stroke of the plunger. Thus, the blower is intended to inject air to the calculated value during the period of the machine start-up and to maintain the calculated air pressure.

spirit in the receiver at steady state operation.

The discharge cavity 12 of the pulsator, which is permanently associated with the receiver 11, performs the following functions. Due to the increased air pressure in the discharge cavity, the maximum load on the pulsator drive is significantly reduced, in addition, the receiver volume increases and compressed air leaks decrease, since reliable sealing on the contact surface of the displacer rod with the pulsator body is easier than sealing pulsator body.

The impact energy transmitted to the tool is roughly proportional to the pressure of compressed air in the receiver. The frequency of shocks at a constant frequency of movement of the displacer remains constant. Therefore, the proposed machine has a high power density compared to the known, if the pressure in the receiver exceeds the atmospheric. Thus, the purpose of the invention is achieved by using pressurized air as the working medium transmitting the movement-from the drive to the hammer.

Alternatively (Fig. 2), the machine consists of a body 1, a working tool 2, a drummer 3, air supply sleeves 4 and 20, and a pneumatic pulsator equipped with a drive, a receiver of small capacity and a low productivity blower. Work tool 2 is mounted in the front of the case. In the internal cavity of the housing, the striker 3 is placed with the possibility of movement in the axial direction. The impactor divides the internal cavity of the housing into two working chambers: the front 5 and the rear 6. The rear working chamber b is continuously connected with the working cavity 7 of the pneumatic chambers pulsator. The front working chamber 5 is constantly in communication with the other working chamber 21 of the pulsator via the air-conducting sleeve 20. The main elements of the pulsator are the body 8 and the displacer 9. The displacer can move along the axis of the body of the pulsator. The reciprocating movement of the displacer is carried out using a special mechanism, such as a crank drive. The drive can be applied to any type of engine, such as electric. On the side wall of the pulsator housing, a compensating hole 10 is formed. Through this compensating hole, the working cavities of the pneumatic pulsator communicate with a small capacitance receiver 11. The machine may have several compensating holes through which the working cavities of the pulsator can communicate with the receiver. Displacer section 0

The internal cavity of the pulsator case is divided into two working cavities 7 and 21, which are constantly in communication with the working chambers of the machine.

The pulsator is also equipped with a pneumatic supercharger, which can be mounted in the end wall of the pulsator body and can be driven by a displacer. A pneumatic blower consists of a housing 15, a plunger 16 and a check valve 17. A channel 18 serves for supplying compressed air from the blower to the receiver 11. On the side wall of the blower body there is an inlet 19. The blower plunger is connected

5 with the pulsator displacer and during operation of the machine moves with the displacer.

The machine (Fig. 2) works as follows.

When the engine is on, the displacer of the pneumatic pulsator moves reciprocally along the axis of the body according to a periodic law. At the same time, the air pressure in the working cavities 7 and 21 of the pulsator, in the air supplying sleeves 4

5 and 20 and in the working chambers 5 and b of the machine, it changes (at steady state) according to some periodic laws with a period equal to the period of movement of the displacer. Under the action of a periodically varying pressure difference in the front

0 and the rear working chambers, the striker performs reciprocating motion and strikes the shank of the working tool. During the operation of the machine, the working cavities of the pulsator during each working cycle communicate with the receiver 11 via

5 compensation hole 10.

The plunger 16 of the blower associated with the displacer 9 moves back and forth and injects air into the receiver P. When the pressure in the receiver reaches an even value, the compressed air supply to it stops. The magnitude of the working pressure in the receiver depends on the degree of air compression in the supercharger and is determined by the design parameters of the supercharger. In periods when the supercharger does not

5 delivers compressed air to the receiver; it consumes almost no energy. The energy consumed in compressing the air in the supercharger during the direct stroke of the plunger performs useful work during the reverse stroke of the plunger. Thus, the supercharger is designed to inject air into the receiver to the calculated value during the period of the machine start-up and for a long time. maintaining the design air pressure in the receiver at steady state operation.

Impact energy transmitted to the instrument5

The element, as in the previous case, is approximately proportional to the pressure of compressed air in the receiver. The frequency of shocks at a constant frequency of movement of the displacer remains: with constant. Therefore, the offer compared to the known one, if the press has a higher specific power output in the receiver exceeds the atmospheric one.

21 8

FIG. 2

Claims (3)

1. IMPACT DAY MACHINE- STVIA by author St. No. 1052627, characterized in that, in order to increase the specific power, the pneumatic pulsator is equipped with a receiver and a supercharger communicated with it through the compensation holes. 2. Machine by π. 1, characterized in that the supercharger is mounted in the end wall of the pulsator housing. 3. Machine by π. 1, characterized in that the pulsator is made with a discharge cavity, constantly in communication with the receiver.