SU1375162A1 - Apparatus for sowing seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the sowing process and reduce the amount of feed during work. The device contains a bunker 1 for seeds, at the bottom of which the displacement is driven by a seeding machine 2 with an adjustment mechanism 3. When sowing, the seeds move along a pneumatic guide 4 seeds, get it compressed air from the source 5 of compressed air. The mechanism of orientation and acceleration of the seeds includes driven and driving pulleys and a belt. The drive pulley 7 is mounted on the drive shaft 8. The rotation speed of the drive pulley 7 is monitored by a speed sensor 9, the device contains a distance sensor, a photosensor 12 seed consumption and a soil hardness sensor with sensitive elements 13. The sensor information enters the information processing circuit and converts there , in the form of control signals, is directed through the control equipment to the actuators and the signaling circuit. Driven pulley 10 can be made in the form of one or two elements. Soil hardness is measured by a soil hardness sensor by means of sensing elements 13. The device performs orientation and acceleration of seeds, which ensures high accuracy of sowing of seeds at the required depth. 2 hp f-ly, 4 ill. (L

Description

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The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, devices for automated seeding of seeds, which can be effectively used when sowing grain and leguminous crops in prepared soil with excessive moisture or sowing on sandy and sandy soils in areas with insufficient moisture.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the sowing process and reduce dust generation during operation.

FIG. I shows the device for sowing seeds, side view; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of the automatic control and monitoring of the seed planting device; in fig. 3 - belt drive with a flat belt; in fig. 4 - V-belt transmission.

The seed planting device contains a seed bin 1, at the bottom of which the controlled sowing unit 2 with adjustment mechanisms 3 is connected, which is connected to the pneumatic seed guide 4, which receives compressed air for its operation, as the seeds move. air, a seed orientation and acceleration mechanism, including a belt drive with a flat elastic belt 6, drive pin 7, mounted on drive shaft 8, speed sensor 9, driven pin 10 and tension roller 11, seed flow photosensor 12, sensitive elements 13 sensor and 14 soil hardness and the distance traveled sensor 15, a sensor signal processing circuit 16 connected to sensors, a seeding unit control mechanism 3, a drive 8 speed controller 17 and a signaling circuit consisting of a device fault indicator 18, a seed flow indicator 19 , index 20 of the sown area and index 21 of data entry. It is possible to perform a belt drive with a V-belt (Fig. 4). In this case, the driving pulley is made with three V-shaped grooves, wedge-shaped rigid belts 22 run at the extreme, and the driven pulley 10 consists of two elements spaced from each other at a distance sufficient to pass between them.

The seed planting device operates as follows.

During the operation of the crop, according to the data entered through the data input indicator 21 to the sensor signal processing circuit 16, this circuit gives a signal to the seed control mechanism 3, the seeds from the seed meter 2 fall into the pneumatic guide 4 seeds, where they are accelerated compressed air to the minimum required value and is fed into the V-shaped trench in the zone of incident of the belt 6 onto the drive pulley 7. The soil hardness sensor 14 measures the soil hardness with the help of sensitive elements 13 and transmits a signal to the processing circuit 16 sensor signals, which, according to a given program and data entered through the data entry indicator 21, processes the signal and gives the controller 17 the speed of the drive 8 about the required speed of the drive pulley 7 and receives data on the speed reached from the speed sensor 9. Seeds entering the chute of leading Shchiv 7 are accelerated to this speed and in the zone

 The descent belt 7 from the driving pulley is recorded and measured by the photosensor 12. In the course of further movement with the belt 6, the seeds are transferred from the inner plane of the belt to the outer one, which additionally orients and twists the seeds around the longitudinal axis, since the flat belt 6 at the transition of planes moves perpendicular to the movement of the seed. Oriented by this, having received the required kinetic energy, it is directed to the soil and

0 penetrates to the required depth.

The edges of the belt move clockwise when one surface passes to another, but this is only in the case of a rigid belt in the transverse direction.

5 Tensioning force applied to the belt and directed to the rim of the pulley, unfolds when the surface of the belt is rotated onto the components directed along the edge and across it to the center of the belt. When using a soft belt, it is affected by

0, the transverse component folds and its edges in this case move towards each other. When using an elastic belt, both directions of movement are observed.

When moving the inner surface

5, the belt on the outer belt at a certain moment is turned by an edge and under the action of the tension of the belt, it tends to fold in the transverse direction, the elastic belt is folded, forming a groove in which the grain is clamped. Having stabilized the formation of the gutter at the point of transition of the surfaces can be carried out by guides (not shown). The walls of the gutter move perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the belt, but towards each other

5 to a friend, therefore, a pair of identical forces acting in opposite directions acts on it in this, forcing this to rotate and orient the larger axis in the direction of motion.

The signal from the photosensor 12 about the number of seeds grown is used together with the signal from the distance traveled sensor 15 by the sensor signal processing circuit 16 to automatically control the seeding rate by the seed adjustment mechanism 3, and the size signal

5 seeds is used by sensor signal processing circuit 16 to monitor seed consumption and output data to seed flow indicator 19.

The data from the traveled path sensor 15 is used to calculate the sown area sensor signal processing circuit 16 and register the sown area in the index 20.

The malfunction of the device and its nature are communicated to the operator through the device malfunction indicator 18.

In the case of a belt drive with V-shaped belts 22 (Fig. 4), the device operates as follows. Seeds that fall from the pneumatic guide 4 seeds into the seed pickup area of the drive pulley 7 into the middle V-shaped groove are covered with V-belts 22, oriented and accelerated on them, and then when V-belts 22 on the driven pulleys 10 flow mc, take off in the formation / yus gap on the soil.

In order to increase the number of simultaneously sown rows, the required number of sowing machines, seed guides, and seed orientation and acceleration mechanisms are connected in parallel.

When sowing, it should be taken into account that static and dynamic resistance components of the soil prevent the seed from entering the soil.

Static component is

 R. K S Y, where K is the coefficient of the form of s.men;

S is the area of the midsection;

Y - soil hardness.

The dynamic component is

where V is the seed velocity.

The seed shape factor in these formulas is approximately the same and is determined by the size of the seed in relation to the direction of movement:

Ji

TO

where b is the width of the seed, the average size of the projection of the seed on the plane perpendicular to the direction of movement; I is the seed length, the average size of the seed projection on the plane parallel to the direction of motion. When the actual length of the seed coincides with the direction of movement, the shape factor and midsection section decrease, which leads to a decrease in the required speed and force, which injures the grain when it strikes the ground.

The required seed speed is

2S

KY

. tc s / -n rn

-i:

where b is the hardness of the soil;

1 - the base of the natural logarithm; h-required seed embedment depth; m is the mass of the seed.

The soil hardness value is more variable within zero, especially due to uneven wetting than density, therefore, to determine the required seed rate, it is sufficient to measure the local soil hardness, knowing the other parameters for the floor and the grain.

The seeding depth is expressed by the equation

2S

m

K (vM) -tn4iK S

The uniformity of seed placement depends on the uniformity and interdependence of the parameters in the formula, i.e. from providing seed orientation and stability to the required seed speed.

The device for sowing seeds permits, according to the calculation, to sow seeds with a speed of 35 m / s,

wheat seeds are buried in the soil with a hardness of 68 kPa to a depth of 4.5 CNi, and coated with a thickness of 1.5 mm at the ends of the seed to a depth of 6 cm, while non-oriented seeds are buried 0.6 to 4.5 cm The maximum soil hardness is permissible for sowing not covered with wheat seeds, 29 Klla, and covered - 102 KPa without injury, i.e. it is possible to make sowing in prepared as overwrapped, and not

overmoistened soil. The use of the device in planting allows improving the workmanship of the operator or the operator of the plant and the quality of the work performed.

Claims (3)

1. A sowing device containing a seed bin, a sowing machine equipped with an adjustment mechanism and connected to a pneumatic seed guide, and a source of compressed air, which is designed to increase the efficiency of the sowing process and reduce dust generation during operation. , the device is equipped with a soil hardness sensor, a speed sensor, a photosensor for seed flow, a distance sensor, a sensor signal processing circuit, an alarm circuit and a seed orientation and acceleration mechanism, which includes d, the drive speed controller, the first driven pin, the drive pulley mounted on the drive shaft, and the first belt, with the pulleys mounted in a vertical plane, with speed sensors, soil hardness, a photosensor of the seed flow, with the corresponding inputs of which are connected the inputs of the mechanism for regulating the sowing apparatus, the signaling circuit and the speed controller of the drive for the orientation and acceleration mechanism of the seed, the output of the latter connected to the control input of the drive mechanism for orientation and acceleration of the seeds associated with the speed sensor, and the output of the mechanism for controlling the sowing unit is connected to the corresponding input of the signal processing circuit of the sensors, in addition, the output of the pneumatic guide is located in the zone of the belt running on the drive pulley, and The photo sensor for the seed flow rate is in the zone where the belt comes off from the drive pin. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the stability of the tra The flight path of the seed, the belt of the mechanism of orientation and acceleration of the seeds is made flat, in the form of a Mobius loop that can be rotated by 180 ° as it moves toward the driven shchivk, and the drive shchink has a V-shaped groove on the working surface. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation and acceleration mechanism of the seed is provided with a second driven pulley and belt and is made in the form of a V-belt transmission, and the drive shchink has a V-shaped groove between two streams for the belts. © 17 ABOUT FIG. 2 Fig.Z Fy