SU1373305A3 - Method and installation for separating rolled sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to methods and devices for marking sheet material before cutting it into blanks of various lengths. The aim of the invention is to improve working conditions, improve cutting accuracy and quality of the workpieces. The method of marking sheet material includes placing the sheet at the markup position, marking using / JC light lines. The markup is performed by projecting light lines (SL) onto the surface of the orthogonal grid, successively parallel moving the outermost SL to determine fitability in width and length and determine their maximum values. Then sequential parallel movement of the rest of the SL is carried out to determine a given set of blanks, and the coordinates of these SL are defined relative to the edge 7 of them. To eliminate defects on the sheet field, parallel movement of the corresponding longitudinal or transverse SL is performed. The installation for carrying out the method comprises a marking point 1, the upper part of which is made in the form of a roller table 9. A portal 10 with a light source 14 is located above the roller table. A ramp with light sources 13 is placed along the roller table 9. The installation is controlled from an electronic computer. 2 sec. and 19 3.p. f-ly, 8 ill. I5d / Je 13 f with with with 1 CO 00 about SL SY

Description

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The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to methods and devices for marking sheet material before cutting it into blanks of various lengths.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of the obtained blanks from sheet material.

Figure 1 shows a setup diagram for carrying out the proposed method; Fig. 2 shows the marking position of the installation for separating sheet metal in Fig. 3 — the mechanism for moving light sources; 4 is the same for transverse light sources; figure 5 - block diagram of information processing; Fig. 6 is a flowchart for controlling information processing operations; 7 is a top view of the mother sheet during marking; Fig. 8 is a diagram of the calculations for determining the fitability of a curved mother sheet.

The method of dividing sheet metal includes placing the sheet at the marking position, marking with the use of light lines projected onto the sheet surface by the light source, and its subsequent cutting into workpieces with specified dimensions. The markup is performed by projecting onto the surface of the sheet an orthogonal

a giving table 4 designed to position the trimmed sheets in the path of the double scissors 5 for trimming, followed by the trimming scissors 6. The latter ensure the cutting of the daughter sheets and the mother sheet.

At the end of the installation, a discharge table 7 for the child sheets is provided. Marking point 1 contains a marking table 8, the upper part of which is formed by a roller table 9, on which the motherboard TM can be moved from a rolling mill (not shown).

At the entrance end of this table, i.e. between it and the exit from the mill, a portal 10 is installed, which transversely overlaps the path defined by the sheet. To the right of table 8, in the direction of advancement of the sheet, an edge strip 11 is provided, to which the mother sheet is applied during marking. A ramp 12 with light sources 13a-13g is installed along the opposite side of the table (seven, in this case), while two of these sources 14a and 14b are installed on the portal. Light sources are predominantly lasers that can be overlapped with shutters when the beams they produce are not used.

grids of light lines, a series of 35 Light sources 14a and 14b each produce two parallel beams FI and F, which are in the same plane and directed downward at different angles, thus creating.

parallel parallel movement of the extreme light lines to determine fitability in width and length and determine their maximum values

successive parallel re-40 on the mother sheet longitudinal fusion of the remaining light lines to determine a given set of blanks and to determine the coordinates of these light lines relative to the extreme. To eliminate defects in the sheet field, the corresponding limit or transverse light lines are moved in parallel. The position of the light lines are cortex lines t and t. Lasers can

be made with cylindrical optics or scan.

Each light source 13a-13g 45 produces a light beam F in such a way as to project on the sheet the same number of transverse lines t. These rays, predominantly, are created by lasers with scanning in a variable one and are subject to change depending on the temperature of the plane. Sources 13a-13g of setting up the marking sheet and changing its flap by swinging on the supports for the width. So that the lines produced by them could

The plant for separating the sheet to be placed at the hire operator’s choice contains a marking station with a variable predetermined location of the zone 1, provided at its output end of the 55th sheet, for which shears 2 for cutting the head part of the laser in question are cut. These TM parent sheets, after other words, the lines tj.g which provide for marking can be moved in the longitudinal direction to block 3. This block is installed over the direction at the discretion of the operator

product lines t and t. Lasers can

by appropriately controlling the movements of the light sources I3a-13g.

The mechanism 15 for moving the light sources 14a and 14b contains sub-carriers 16, which are fixed on the portal 10 and in which the ball screw 17 is installed. The support carriage 18, containing nuts 19, is mounted movably in longitudinal movement on the screw when the latter is rotated. This carriage supports one or another of the light sources 14a or 14b, each of which represents here two lasers 20a and 20b, giving, respectively, the rays F and F.

The screw 17 can be rotated by the stepper motor 21 of the clutch 22. With the screw 17, the angular encoder 23 is also paired, preferably of the multi-turn absolute type. This encoder is capable of issuing a Gray type binary code, the value of which is a function of the linear movement of the carriage 18 along screw 17. This code is converted into a pure binary code in the converter 24, followed by the dimensional tolerance correction circuit 25 and the command / computation unit 26 which is connected with the stepper motor 21, as well as with the computational mask 27 (figure 5).

The mechanism 15, designed for the light source 14b, also contains a reduction gear 28.29 because of the relatively long length of the endless screw 17 of this mechanism. This gearbox is also associated with the coding device 23.

The mechanism 30 for moving one of the light sources 13a-13g comprises a laser 31 with a scan mounted on a support 32 swinging around a horizontal axis, the optical axis of the laser being inclined relative to the horizontal so that the beam F can draw a transverse line on the TM mother sheet . The bobbin is mounted rotatably in the fixed cantilever 33.

The mechanism further comprises a ball screw 34, on which a ratchet 35, which is movable in longitudinal movement, is installed, through which two smooth rods 36 are mounted, fixed in a swinging support 32. The screw 34 is connected to a stepper through a reducer 37.

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20 25 ZO

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the engine 38, and with the angular encoder 39 through the coupling 40.

As in the mechanism 15 of the sources 14a and 14b, the encoder 39 is connected to the converter of the Gray code 41 into a binary code, followed by the tolerance compensation circuit 42 to which the command-computing unit 43 connected to the computer 27 is connected.

The information processing and control system 44 includes, as a central component of the microcomputer, a computing machine 27, around which the following peripheral components are grouped.

The overall control of the drives and the manufacture of the parent and daughter lists is carried out with the help of a high-power central computer 45, which can be an enterprise-control computer. Computing machine 45 stores and stores orders for sheets supplied to customers. Orders are transmitted via line 46 to the computer 27 of this installation in the form of a document called a markup card. This document, which can be materialized on a printing device, contains the dimensions and metallurgical characteristics of the sheets to be processed.

Computing machine 27 is also connected by lines 47-49, respectively, to light sources 13a-13g, 14a and 14b, to a marking control panel 50, screen 51 or another information reproducing device, line 52, with all components located at marking point 1.

The information obtained during the marking is transmitted to the control computer 45, as well as via lines 53 and 54 to scissors 5 and 6, which are equipped with control consoles 55 and 56 and indicator screens 57 and 58. Information relating to the coordinates of the marking sheet, It is transmitted by line 59 to the marking unit 3, which forms a complete identification formula for each child affixed sheet. The trimming shears 2 are connected to the computer 27 by a line 52. A device 60 for measuring the temperature is provided for making a correction in length and compensating for the possible heating of the sheets depending on the temperature. This device is connected to the computer 27 by line 61. Another device 62, connected to the computer 27 by line 63, allows, if necessary, to take into account changes in thickness from one sheet to another, changes that may affect measurements taken mediated by the positions of lasers during markup.

The operator console 50 is also connected to the computer 27 by lines 64-66, through which orders relating to defects found on the parent sheets during marking, such as a curved sheet, a sheet of insufficient length, a sheet with irreparable defects, are transmitted. etc.

The installation for separating the rental sheet works as follows.

When the mother sheet approaches the trimming scissors 2 from the rolling mill (the sheet passes under the portal 10), the operator requests the characteristics of the mother sheet in question using the keyboard of the console 50, specifying the rolling number. These characteristics embedded in the markup card are sent to the computing machine 27 by the computing machine 45 of the control and displayed on the screen 51 (operations 67 and 68, FIG. 6).

Having thus obtained data relating to the position and characteristics of the marked subsidiaries, the computer automatically leads the engine 21 and the light source 14b moving the light line t to determine the placement of the left edge of the sheet in the direction of movement, which is hereinafter called the large edge. The sheet advances being applied to the ruler 11 by its opposite edge, further called the small edge. The line t of the second edge is located at a theoretical distance of 1 ”from this ruler 11.

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The sheet is positioned in such a way that its leading edge or head is under scissors 2, cutting off

and the operator controls the light source 14a to move the small edge lines t, and this command is typed on the console 50 and transmitted

50

5 o

Q with l

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to the corresponding mechanism 15 (FIG. 3) through the mediation of the computational algorithm 27.

By moving the line t ,, the operator tries to push as far as possible the irregularities of the edge of the small edge of the mother sheet (Fig. 7), which can be done only if the relatively wide strip of the sheet is lost. In this example, the mother sheet contains, for example, a lateral defect D, which should be eliminated when cutting the daughter sheets (the defect value is greatly exaggerated for better explanation).

Having thus moved the line t (, the operator fixes the chosen by force on his console 50, which enters the corresponding data into the memory of the computer 27 (operation 69, FIG. 6).

During the adjustment of the line t, the lasers 14a and 14b move together with the same amplitude in the same direction so that the lines C and t maintain the same distance.

The operator in these conditions checks whether the fit is correct in width (if there are no defects to the right of line t, ch d in the direction of sheet movement). If it is correct, the width entry is determined, the position of the line t is approved by the operator and entered into the memory in the computer 27. Otherwise, the operator adjusts to then approve the new position (operation 70), which results in a useful width less than the maximum width (not shown).

Due to the presence of a defect D on the opposite edge, the mother sheet in this example has a useful width of 1, which is actually smaller than

width 1

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BUT, this defect is eliminated in another way, and the child sheets, finally trimmed, have thus a width of 1 "oh;; but there is no defect.

Entry data for the useful width and maximum width appears on the operator screen 51 (operations 71 and 72).

The installation is therefore ready to receive data leading to fit in the length of the TM mother sheet. Cutting scissors 2 give the reference line along its length after trimming

sheet heads and / or sample trimming. However, according to an embodiment, this reference line in length can also be obtained optically using one of the transverse lasers (13a-13g). This laser is referred to as a head laser.

The operator selects and installs one of the transverse lasers of ramp 12 depending on the theoretical length of the sheet (tail laser) so as to push all the irregularities to the edge opposite to the head, and approves the position chosen in this way. This operation, therefore, provides to the computer 27 the value of the useful length enclosed between the blade of the scissors 2 and the approved position of the tail laser, taking into account, if necessary, a sample in the sheet head. Samples can be selected elsewhere in the latter, and the length data relating to this is taken from the control computer 45, which, with the mediation of the computer 27, applies them to the ramp-12 lasers under consideration.

The position of the tail laser is asserted (operation 73).

The computer 27, having received the temperature data from the device 60, inquires as to whether the value of the set length should be adjusted to compensate for the temperature lengthening (step 73a). The operator can then approve this length (74) or correct it (75)

I

In the absence of defects, the computing machine 27 writes directly into the TM mother sheet a certain number of child sheets (operation 76), taking into account, on the one hand, i gr - markup point, which it received from the computing machine 45 and, on the other hand, dimensions marked with edge lasers and tail laser.

Various subroutines may be included in this last operation.

First of all, the operator can (Fig.7) make a distinction between the dead bands of the VM (operation 77) in order to isolate the defect D in the sheet (or another defect somewhere in the sheet) by means of the corresponding command to the lasers 13d and 13e.

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The operator may also delineate an additional withdrawn band (step 78), after which the program proceeds to step 79 of the markup request, which starts the calculation by the computer of the final layout of the sheet, depending on all the previously entered data. The computing machine sets up all the lasers, from laser 13a to tail laser, and the result is displayed on screen 51 (operation 80).

If the operator wants to change the final markup (step 81), the program loops over step 80 so that the fixed markup can be set.

The program then proceeds to the marking approval operation, which blocks any measurement at marking point 1, and the marking plan remains unchanged until the sheet is removed.

After approval, the computer 27 lays all the data in its memory (step 83).

Thus, the processed mother sheet in all cases allows the placement of child sheets in accordance with the markup card and with orders defining the parameters of the child sheets, taking into account the own tolerances of the mother sheet, temperature, sheet thickness, etc. However, in some cases, the accumulation of tolerance does not allow marking with optimal placement. In this case, the proposed installation allows finding a compromise of placement, leading to the optimal use of the material of the parent sheet, fully complying with the required tolerances at the level of rolled products leaving the installation.

In general, daughter sheets are delivered with a nominal size along the length C ", which should never be lower. On the contrary, the sheets are delivered with a nominal size increased by a positive tolerance e, and in use it is desirable that the length of the delivered steel be as large as possible with the size Cn + e, called the maximum length.

When, at the end of operation 76 (FIG. 6), the operator determined and approved the useful length 1 ”of the mother sheet, it may appear that this length will not be sufficient, taking into account the length of the withdrawn band, so that when cutting, all the child sheets required by the markup card have sizes.

If the useful length In of the mother sheet is above the sum of the lengths of the size of the child sheets and the minimum length of the strip to be withdrawn, the computer 27 calculates the average, taking the length of the child sheets in the markup (value 8A, FIG. 6).

On the contrary, if the useful length 1 is less than the sum of the lengths of the size of the child sheets and the strip being withdrawn, the computer is programmed to establish a placement that eliminates one or more child sheets, then the waste sheet of the mother sheet is recycled (OP-85).

In some cases, daughter sheets may be manufactured to a tolerance close to their nominal value, for example, when these sheets are used to make pipes.

In this case, after determining the useful length 1 of the parent sheet (operation 76), the operator enters the limit values L and L of the range of tolerances. A computer is created in computer 27 so as to execute a distribution subroutine (step 86), based on a calculation setting the number of X sheets of length Ij / v and the number of length L.

First of all this subprogramme checks whether L is divided by i. , if so, then the computer specifies .number of x b „/ b„ sheets with a maximum length L ,, while the number of sheets with a minimum length L n is zero.

If L is not divided by L, the computational algorithm performs the algorithm:

et t. „- e

 L

T m J

..,

X is the number of sheets of length L ;, (maximum);

y is the number of sheets of length L (minimum);

 useful maternal length

P

sheet;

- coefficient indicating the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the child sheets to the useful length of the parent sheet.

This algorithm allows the computer 27 to determine the maximum number of child sheets that can be placed in the parent sheet in question.

The subroutine may include instructions adopted by the operator, marking the child sheets, the lengths of which are intermediate between L and L, according to the formula

B „L: L

one ;

where L is the intermediate length of the child sheets.

The computing machine may implement a distribution subroutine (step 87), taking into account the defects existing in the motherboard and noted before. In this case, the computer 27 considers each portion of the mother sheet TM free from defects as a sheet of length L. The latter is considered as a new mother sheet in which the placement can be set in this way.

The subroutine contains instructions

allowing regrouping of bands that are not used in these secondary parent sheets due to the calculation of the distribution with strips free from defects, which leads to optimal use of the material.

The operator, having determined that the useful width L. obtained during operation 70 is not sufficient, visually checks the sheet to establish whether the sheet has a small width or whether it is bent so that the correct placement in width cannot be normalized. In general, sheets

all of them lie on the chop point 1 in such a way that their concave edge is turned to ruler 11.

If the sheet is curved, the operator; latch (operation 88) of the subroutine

a curved sheet (step 89), and the computer 27 calculates the fitability according to the following algorithm (Figure 8):

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Whose

L + l

reb

where 1 width, cut out of the curved mother sheet;

theoretical width of the curved parent sheet; the arrow of the inner arc (from ruler 11) of the curved parent sheet; chord length of the inner arc; cut length; width, cut out after trimming the parent sheet. Calculation and P allows determination of fitability by comparison of ly, and 1 marked child

ten

F-L-Lr - Drawings, including placing the sheet at the marking position, marking with the use of light lines projected on the sheet surface by light sources, and its subsequent cutting with cutting elements of separating devices, so that performance and quality are obtained1. products, marking is performed by projecting light lines on the surface of an orthogonal grid, successively parallel to the displacement of opposite extreme light lines to determine the width and length of rolled sheet, consistent parallel movement of light lines, perpendicular to the direction of supply of rolled products for determining a given set of blanks, determining the coordinates of these light lines with respect to the extreme and setting the sheet relative to the said cutters of elements in accordance with the coordinates.

2. Method POP.1, characterized in that the reference line for determining the longitudinal coordinates

U

20

25

sheets and the number of child sheets to be placed on the length.

After the accumulation information entry operation 83, the computer 27 may be ordered to transfer the relevant data to other organs of the trimming unit, 30 is obtained by trimming one of the marking machine 3, edge scissors 5 and scissors 6 to set the length, and the data can also be accumulated in the central control computer 45.

The marking unit 3 receives the length data corresponding to the beginnings of the child sheets, and with the help of this data applies the markings to the child sheets identified in this way.

The same can be with respect to scissors 5 and 6, which can be directly controlled by the entry data set in the marking station, or controlled by the operator who receives this data and enters it on the control panel belonging to the scissors.

Claims (21)

1. A method for dividing sheet metal mainly into dimensional ones; ten 37330512 cooking, including placing the sheet at the marking position, marking with the use of light lines projected onto the sheet surface by light sources, and its subsequent cutting with cutting elements of separating devices, so that, in order to increase productivity and quality, 1.x products are obtained The markings are performed by projecting light lines onto the surface of an orthogonal grid of light, successively parallel to the displacement of opposite extreme light lines to determine the recorded across the width and length of the sheet metal, successively parallel movement of the light lines perpendicular to the sheet metal feed direction to determine a given set of blanks, determine the coordinates of these light lines relative to the outermost ones, and set the sheet relative to the said cutting elements in accordance with the coordinates. 2. Method POP.1, characterized in that the reference line for determining the longitudinal coordinates U 20 25 , 30 is obtained by trimming one of one hundred This product is perpendicular to the feed direction. 3. Method POP.1, characterized in that in order to detect defects along one and the longitudinal edges of sheet metal, one of the longitudinal light lines is displaced in parallel, the second longitudinal light line is set in accordance with the theoretical width of the mark sheet, the position of the second light line is adjusted separating the defects along the second longitudinal edge of the sheet and determining the coordinates of both light lines. 4. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the separation of defects along the caudal transverse the edge of the sheet is made by parallel movement of the last transverse light line, while the remaining transverse light lines are set in accordance with the lengths of the dimensional blanks. 5. Method according to paragraphs. 1-3, about tl and. - due to the fact that the separation of the effects located on the field of the marking sheet is carried out by parallel movement of the corresponding light lines. 6. Method according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that it is optimally placed on the useful area of a sheet of predetermined lengths of a set of measuring blanks by automatically parallel movement of the remaining light lines. 7.Spooob on PP. 1-6, about tl and - / that in the period the markers measure the temperature of the mark sheet and make appropriate adjustments to the position of the transverse light lines. 8. Method according to paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the adjustment of the position of the transverse light lines is carried out depending on the thickness of the sheet being cut. 9. Method according to paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the transverse light lines are set in accordance with the upper limits of the tolerance fields for the lengths of the cut blanks. 10. Method according to paragraphs. 1-6, which is made by correcting the position of the transverse light lines within the tolerance fields for the lengths of the cut blanks, if the sum of their lengths determined by the upper limits of the tolerance fields is greater than the maximum length of the cut sheet, determined from conditions of entry 11. An installation for the separation of sheet metal containing a longitudinal roller conveyor forming a marking position, cutting elements of separation devices and light sources whose optical axes are parallel to the direction of supply of the rolled product, which is provided with additional sources perpendicular to the direction of supply rental as well as sensors of the position of light sources and a device for determining and correcting their coordinates associated with the sensors of the position of light sources, Transparent and additional light sources are made movable in parallel and perpendicular to the direction of rolling supply from the drive mechanisms associated with the device five 0 five 0 five .. g five adjustments polo on p.11 about tl i0 for sensing and sensing sensors. 12.Installation is sensitive to the fact that light sources are made in the form of lasers with a beam sweep or cylindrical optics. 13. Installation on PP. 11 and 12, characterized in that the drive mechanism for moving each of the light sources is made in the form of a stepper motor, a lead screw, kinematically connected with a stepper motor, and located on a flat bearing screw, on the surface of which a corresponding light source is mounted, while the sensor the position of the latter is also kinematically associated with the lead screw. 14. Installation by PP. 11-13, characterized in that it is provided with a portal installed above the marking position at its beginning, with additional light sources located on said portal. 15. Installation in accordance with paragraphs 11-14, concerning the fact that the main light sources are mounted on a ramp located parallel to the rental direction, at a distance from one another with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis, while their optical axes are located obliquely to the horizon. 16. Installation on PP. 11-15, which is provided with a light source for producing a light reference line located at the end of the marking position. 17. Installation by paragraphs. 11-16, which means that the device for determining the coordinates of the position of the light lines is made in the form of an electronic computer with a graphic display connected to the position sensors and driving mechanisms for moving the light sources. 18. Installation on PP, 11-17, about t-l and so that it is equipped with sensors for measuring the temperature of the mark sheet, connected to an electronic computer. 19. Installation is according to equipped with gauges for measuring the thickness of the sheet being cut, connected to an electronic computer. 20. Installation on PP. 11-19, it is about the fact that the electronic computer is connected on with separating actuators. 21. Installation on PP. 11-20, which is associated with the fact that it is equipped with a marking unit connected to an electronic computer. FIG 4 33ui o r-eb FIG. eight