SU1347916A1 - Universal apiary unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, namely beekeeping, and is used for the simultaneous heat treatment of several bee colonies against varroatosis, and can also be used for processing wax raw materials, disinfecting the preparation of sugar syrup and filling the honeycomb frames with sugar syrup, washing holotics, washing frames, diaphragms, pumping honey, drying pollens, seeds, to obtain juices from the year of fruit and settling. sterilization of honey and wax. The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality. The device includes a housing made in the cross section of the Archimedes spiral, a heat chamber with adjustable apertures for supplying atmospheric and removing exhaust air. Inside the heat chamber, a frame is installed, having the shape of a regular prism, with sockets and the form of straight paraplelepipeds, inside of which are removable mesh drums. On the outer side, to the circumference of the mesh drums nJap, the tangential clamp is set to shake as the drums rotate. A gas burner of an electric lamp with infrared radiation is located inside the frame, and a heating chamber is provided in the lower part of the unit, which is connected to the chamber with a branch pipe 73. f-ly, 4 ill. S | СЛ оо 4 ::

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, namely beekeeping, and serves for simultaneous heat treatment of several bee colonies against varroatosis, as well as a multifunctional centrifuge, for example, for processing wax raw materials, mixing sugar syrup, cooking juices, drying seeds, disinfecting , washing, etc.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the functional capabilities of the unit.

In FIG. 1 shows schematically a device, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is the same cross section in FIG. 3 shows the section A-L in FIG. one; in fig. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 3. The universal apiary unit consists of a heat chamber 1, in which the side walls 2 form an Archimedes spiral in cross section. The adjustable rectangular opening 4 is sealed off by a cover 5 and pressed by a screw clamp 6. A tapered nozzle 7 is attached to the cover 5 with a valve 8 and a valve for regulating circulation or for venting gas, exhaust air or steam. In the center 3, an axis 10 is installed in the bearing 9, on which a pulley 11 and a removable handle 12 are mounted at one end, and a disk 13 with holes 14 is fixed at the other end. In the chamber, a frame 15 is attached to the rotating disk 13, in which the ring 16 at the same distance from the axis 10 is formed from pipes, a corner, a grid, the blades of a room in the form of straight parallelepipeds — nests 17. A mesh drum 18 is installed in each nest at an equal distance from the axis 10 (or nest frames 19, or store frames 20). The outer ring of the frame 21 is attached with a U-shaped socket 22, which is overlapped by a latch 23. The mesh drum 18 is at one end with the axis 24 resting on the i-shaped socket 22, and at the second end of the drum the axis abuts against the ring 25, which is attached to the disk 13. On the inner side of the ring of the frame 26 opposite to each two mesh drums, i.e. between the two parallelepipeds, a blade 27 is attached. Each edge of the blade has two finger-like protrusions 28 on which the grid frame 29 is attached and bolted

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overlapping the nest, from the center, and from the outer opposite side, it also overlaps with a removable mesh frame 30 (the grid frame 29 and 30 is applied with a 2-4 mm cell), which is attached to the slot 31 on one side, and on the opposite side of the frame the mount 32 with a hole 33 through which the finger 34 passes, thereby securing the mesh frame 30 to the frame prism. To give the frame rigidity, as well as to increase the circulation of air through the chamber, a blade or a T-shaped corner 35 is attached to the frame 30. The edges of the T-shaped corners 35 or the blades, as well as the mesh drums 18 are set at a minimum distance of 1 2 cm from the point of formation 0 I

The side walls of the chamber, i.e. from the hinge 5. In the center of the correct prism, free of the frame, there is a gas burner 36 and

25 light bulbs 37 with infrared radiation. The gas reel 36 with one end on the axis rests on the ring 38, which is attached to the rotating disk 13, in the center 3 the second end of the burner at the nozzle 39 is rigidly attached to the rack 40, which at the ends with bolts 41 is attached to the edge of the hole 42. The electric lamp holders 37 are attached to two semi-cylindrical fasteners 43, and fastening 43, in turn, is bolted to rack 40 and the second end to the frame of gas burner 36. The gas burner operates from a gas cylinder

40 44. Hole 42 is hermetically sealed with a lug 45 and is pressed by hand with screw clips 46. To regulate the circulation or trigger of the solution, atmospheric air, gas or

45 a pair in the center of the lid is fitted with a nozzle with a flange, valve or tap 47. Gas burner 36 is covered on top with removable horizontal protection 48. In the upper part of the chamber, a hatch is installed, hermetically sealed with a clamps 50, which is pressed by screw clamps 51. The side outer vertical surface of the frame 15 covered with a grid 52. In the mesh

The gg drum 18 for the cylinder has a mesh with a cell of 8 + 2 mm, and a mesh with a mesh of 1-2 mm is installed at the base of the cylinder. When used in a cylinder grid with a cell less

A 6 mm delay in falling out of the tick cassette and impaired air circulation. When using a grid with a cell larger than 10 mm, the bees crawl through the grid cell. To increase the area of the grid, a rectangular grid 53 with a 8 + 2 mm cell is inserted in the drum. In addition, in the mesh drum 18 to perform the drying of pollen, seeds, etc. It is planned to replace the cylindrical grid 54 with a grid with a cell of 1 + 0.5 mm. The cylindrical mesh 5A is removed and attached using a clamp 55, which is annular in shape and compressed at the junction by a bolt. When installing a mesh cylinder with a cell smaller than 0.5 mm, the air flow is reduced and making such a mesh is difficult. And with an increase in the cell of more than 1.5 mm, pollinating pollen flowers occurs. Electrotein ring 56 is installed in the central part of the frame prism for additional heating of air or for obtaining superheated steam. Tangent clamp 57 with an attached strip of rubber or other elastic material for stitching and rotation of mesh drums is pivotally mounted to the circumference of the mesh drums . To prevent leakage of air and water from the chamber, the pressure axis is sealed with an oil seal. Recesses 58 are drilled into the chamber body to fix the pressure in a certain position, and retainers 59 are mounted to the handle in a design similar to the latch 23. The difference is that 59 is not forked on the hinge of a mounted handle 60 for moving the finger FOR. The finger is pulled out by hand for the head 61. For draining from the chamber of honey, wax, water, juice, a nozzle with a flange 62 is attached, which is bolted to

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for filling with water through a pipe with a flange and a tap 68. A pipe with a flange and a tap 69 is installed in the chamber to determine the water level, and a pipe with a tap 70 is provided for draining the water. The pipe with a tap 68 has a safety valve 71 for emergency steam. The steam output is provided through the pipe 72 with the crane 68. Next, it is provided by means of the pipe 73 to connect the pipe of the crane 47. When the safety valve 71 is not installed, it is provided to install the steam pressure regulator 74. In addition, the steam outlet directly into the chamber is also provided through a pipe 72 with a tap 68. An electric heater (electric) 75 is installed in the chamber. In addition, in non-electrified areas for heating water, it is provided for a plant to dig in the ground 76 and install the camera on the stop 77 of blocks of concrete or brick. A gas burner is installed in the firebox or wood is heated by water. For stack of smoke, it is provided to install chimney 78. To monitor the tick debris, a magnifying glass (peephole) 79 is temporarily installed in a branch pipe with a flange 62. A white cardboard chute 80 is also inserted through this branch to determine the time of the end of ticks debris. The camera has a control thermometer or an automatic temperature adjustment sensor 81. Opposite the reference thermometer is a peephole 79, which is sealed off from the inside with a sealed removable cap, and a light bulb 82 (82 installed for illumination). The lid 50 also has a fitting with a plug 83 for installing a manometer or monovacuummeter. According to FIG. 1 frame ring correct

the second nozzle is attached to the flange of the prism (rotor) with maximal shaft, handle and tap 63. To rotate the disk 13, it is provided to install an electric motor or internal combustion engine 64 with a gearbox. In the lower part of the chamber, for stability, 1 arkacea 65 is created, which is sheathed from the outside by a sheet of metal 66, thereby forming a second sealed chamber 67 in the lower part

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with a radius of 1.2 m. The room of the parallelepiped created 315x500x600.3. It contains 13 frames measuring 300x435 mm or mesh drum 0 300 mm and 450 mm long. A total of 16 drums or 208 frames are placed in the rotor. When the installation radius increases due to the large diameter, it becomes inconvenient to transport

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for filling with water through a pipe with a flange and a tap 68. A pipe with a flange and a tap 69 is installed in the chamber to determine the water level, and a pipe with a tap 70 is provided for draining the water. The pipe with a tap 68 has a safety valve 71 for emergency steam. The steam output is provided through the pipe 72 with the crane 68. Next, it is provided by means of the pipe 73 to connect the pipe of the crane 47. When the safety valve 71 is not installed, it is provided to install the steam pressure regulator 74. In addition, the steam outlet directly into the chamber is also provided through a pipe 72 with a tap 68. An electric heater (electric) 75 is installed in the chamber. In addition, in non-electrified areas for heating water, it is provided for a plant to dig in the ground 76 and install the camera on the stop 77 of blocks of concrete or brick. A gas burner is installed in the firebox or wood is heated by water. For stack of smoke, it is provided to install chimney 78. To monitor the tick debris, a magnifying glass (peephole) 79 is temporarily installed in a branch pipe with a flange 62. A white cardboard chute 80 is also inserted through this branch to determine the time of the end of ticks debris. The camera has a control thermometer or an automatic temperature adjustment sensor 81. Opposite the reference thermometer is a peephole 79, which is sealed off from the inside with a sealed removable cap, and a light bulb 82 (82 installed for illumination). The lid 50 also has a fitting with a plug 83 for installing a manometer or monovacuummeter. According to FIG. 1 frame ring correct

prism (rotor) taken with max.

with a radius of 1.2 m. The room of the parallelepiped created 315x500x600.3. It contains 13 frames measuring 300x435 mm or mesh drum 0 300 mm and 450 mm long. A total of 16 drums or 208 frames are placed in the rotor. With an increase in the installation radius due to the large diameter, it becomes inconvenient in transportation, and in medium apiaries the profitability of the installation will be reduced due to incomplete use. If the external size of the frame stake is accepted — the target prism with a radius of 0.75 m and the indicated volume of the drums and the parallelepiped, then this chamber contains 9 drums or 117 frames of 300x435.

When creating chamber walls, a permissible 300 mm ± 100 difference in radii refers to the adopted rotor diameter. By reducing the radius difference to less than 200 mm, cleaning the bottom of the chamber through the opening 4 is difficult, and air exchange in the chamber is reduced. For the specified camera it is necessary to exchange

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per minute 20 m of exhaust air to atmospheric air. By increasing the difference in the radius of more than 400 mm, the consumption of materials of the installation increases unproductively.

In order to avoid rapid cooling of the chamber, it is advisable to shut off the chamber from the outside with a thermally insulating material, and inside with heat-resistant A groups with polymers or other material. In order to increase the productivity of the installation when drying or waxing the wax and to avoid disturbing the uniform distribution of weight over the ring-shaped prism filled with waxy raw materials, it is provided between parallelepipeds to be installed from the partition wall grid 84.

The installation of the p-works is as follows.

When using a device for treating bees with hot air in case of varroatosis, before placing the bees in the chamber, a cardboard tray 80 and a viewing eye 79 are installed through a branch pipe with a flange 62. After that

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mesh drums 18 are filled with bees. The drum axis is installed in ring 25, and the second end with handle 60 pushes the finger 34, inserts the axis in slot 22, and lowers the handle. After the installation of the bar, the hatch 50 is closed. When the temperature chamber rises above +7 ° C, the rotor 16 with the engine or the handle 12 starts to rotate in the direction of the arrow 85. The maintenance of the optimal therapeutic temperature in the tank with the supply of fresh atmospheric air within 20 + U; Per minute is achieved by closing or opening the crank 47 and 8 or lids 5 45. When the rotor speed is changed and the rotor is rotated within 8 + 40 rpm, the temperature and circulation in the rotor are changed. When the rotor rotates at 40 rpm, the dacha is maximally lowered into the atmospheric chamber (up to 16) and the temperature and humidity are maximally increased. At 120 rpm in the chamber, the temperature drops to low and the air exchange rises (up to 24 m / min).

When you open the valve 8 or Krsch1k 5 and cover the valve 47 or the cover 45 in the chamber, the flow of atmospheric air decreases and increases the emission of exhaust air. At the same time, the temperature in the chamber decreases slightly. When opening the cr 47 or krishchka 45, posting to the atmospheric air chamber increases and the temperature drops sharply. To increase the temperature, they cover the valve 8 or the lid 5, and the heated air circulates in the chamber and in the mesh drums.

Depending on external tempo

heat the chamber. In electrified - 5, heater 56 is turned off, or localities turn on electrolytic

37. The chamber is heated to 50. An elevated temperature is created with the calculation of the cooling of the chamber when the hatch 50 is opened and placed in the bees' chamber. This is necessary to accelerate the achievement of the initial treatment temperature of + 47 ° C. Control over the establishment of the desired temperature is carried out with the sensor 81 for automatic temperature control or with a thermometer through the eye of the eye 79. When the required temperature is reached, the hatch 50 of the chamber is opened and installed50

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do not turn off. The treatment time for the varroatosis is 8 minutes, which is 4 minutes less than the known data. During treatment, every 2 minutes, the operator presses the tangent pressure 57 to the rotating drums 18 for 5-8 seconds. At this, the drums are shaken and rotated. In order to eliminate the rotation of the drums, a rubber ring is put on its axis. This axis, inserted into slot 22, causes the drum to decelerate;

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The mesh drums 18 are filled with bees. The drum axis is placed in ring 25, and the second end with handle 60 is pushed back finger 34, the axis is inserted into slot 22 and the handle is lowered. After the drums are installed, the hatch 50 is closed. When the temperature rises above +7 ° C, the rotor 16 with the engine or the handle 12 starts to rotate in the direction of the arrow 85. Maintaining the optimal therapeutic temperature in the chamber with fresh atmospheric air supply within 20 + U; Per minute is achieved by closing or opening the valve 47 and 8 or covers 5 and 45. When the rotor speed changes and changes within 8 + 40 rpm, the temperature and air circulation in the kacer change. When the rotor rotates at 40 rpm, the flow of atmospheric air into the chamber is maximally reduced (to 16), and the temperature and humidity in the chamber is maximally increased. At 120 rpm in the chamber, the temperature is reduced to a minimum and the air exchange rises (up to 24 m / min).

When you open the valve 8 or 5, and cover the valve 47 or cover 45 in the chamber, the flow of atmospheric air decreases and the exhaust air emission increases. At the same time, the temperature in the chamber decreases slightly. When the crane 47 or krishchka 45 is opened, atmospheric air enters the chamber and the temperature drops sharply. To cover the temperature, cover valve 8 or lid 5, and heated air is circulated in the chamber and in the mesh drums.

Depending on the external temperature, the heater 56 is turned off or

do not turn off. The treatment time for varroa is 8 minutes, which is 4 minutes less than known. During the treatment, every 1–2 minutes, the operator presses the tangent clamp 57 against the rotating drums 18 for 5–8 seconds with the rotary drums 18. At the same time, the drums are shaken and rotated. In order to eliminate the constant rotation of the drums, a rubber ring is put on its axis. Such an axis inserted into slot 22 decelerates the drum. The operator determines the end of the exposure after 7 minutes of processing at the end of the scree. In nrélectrcated locality, the treatment is carried out similarly to that indicated. The difference lies in the fact that heating lamps 37 with DZ fastening and horizontal fastening 48 are taken out of A2 dummy from the chamber and / (l of this loosen the screw clamp, 46, move the grip 45 to the side, unscrew bolts 86 87. Then a gas cylinder 44 is installed, gas B is let in by gas B, 36, 7, and it is thrown in. At the same time, screw clamps 6 or 51 must be turned:; you (released).

In areas where there is no gas, the py is heated by firewood - and through the firebox 76. For this KaMf.py 67 needs to be fed; water should be fed through a branch pipe with a crane 68 to the level of a branch pipe with a crane 69 and the crane 68 should be set aside. 72 should be closed. The treatment exposure at 47 ° C is 12 minutes.

During the rotation of the annular frame prism with mesh drums, the resistance is: ESCR: 1DUHA. This simultaneously enhances the airflow and the exchange of air through the net across all drums. In addition, from the blade 27, the picked-up air from the center of the rotor tends to be removed and, through the centrifugal force, is removed through the parallelepiped with the bees to the spiral wall (see arrow of hot air in FIG. 1). Pressing the air with the surface of the cylinder 88 to the spiral wall 89, the air slides along the wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor. Due to the fact that around the circumference there are 16 drums and 16 blades where air flows from spiral st nke, increased free space between the rotor and the wall. Further on the way, the air encounters a barrier, i.e. a wall 89 installed with a gap of 1-2 cm. A layer of compressed air is partially cut off in the opposite direction from this screen. One part of it is fed back into the drums under pressure, the second part is discharged through an adjustable opening D or through a faucet 7 p atmosphere. From the force of the created vacuum in the chamber, air flows through the patru- side C of the faucet 47. In addition, a 0

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) ibi; i carcass with a prism facilitating mobile movement and aeration of air around the chamber.

In the center of a regular prism, free from the framework, a gas burner or electric lamps with infrared radiation are located evenly and along the air movement heat the heaters at the same distance as the network drums with bees. In addition, the infrared rays provide heat transfer to the most rational Form, contribute to the distribution of heat in the mass of bees, accelerate the processes of drying and heating.

Pgi using the installation in ka nev: TEe; a steam cooker or centrifuge for processing wax raw materials at the apiary is taken out of the chamber attached, .e 43, burner 36, open the lid 50 and fill the drum 18 with drying, bee-feeding or years, fruit. P) megto drums 18 can be installed in the parallelepiped room of frame 19 or 20 with honeycombs and close them with loop 30. In addition. It is envisaged to place bags nalolirovanny BOCKODI.W with any kind of varieties mixed with ruble straw. For the purpose of handling, eei, ipo- from Bo;: the installation is provided with the option ug: anopka with shchatk iii partition walls 84 and filling the entire space of the frame with years, waxy material or frame and with dry land. According to (the filling of the rotor, the covers 30.30 and 5 and the tap nipple 63 are closed. The chamber 67 is filled with water as indicated for treating bees with heat. The nipple 73 must be connected to the nipple of the tap 47, and the nipple 7 is connected to the nipple valve 69. At the same time, the taps 68,69 and 8 open. The safety valve 1-body valves 7 are set to a pressure of 2 atm. The water in chamber 67 is heated with electric or gas burner, or firewood. At a rotor speed of 500–700 rpm, steam is constantly circulated in the chamber; 67 vapor is circulated conduit 73 and the carcass 47 in the center of the prism, where the vapor is picked up and the vanes 27 of the centrifugal force is run under pressure through the years or waxy feedstock melted BocKj

which also flows from the centrifugal force from the frame prism to the walls 89. Spent steam in a spiral from the blades 35 under pressure is driven along the walls 89 to the nozzle 7. At the outlet, additional pressure occurs, where part of the steam is pushed into parallelepipeds or baraba} s, and the second part of the steam enters chamber 67 to reheat.

All air movement enhances agitation and increases heat transfer. The task in the device of steam ring movement is to quickly obtain steam heated to the desired temperature. The created intensive circulation of steam or water leads to the mixing of warm and cold layers. This accelerates the heating of steam and increases the temperature uniformity of the steam in the upper and lower chambers.

At a pressure of 2 atm, water boils at 120 ° C. Hence, the temperature in the chamber will increase by 20 ° C. For mixing B, the drums heated up and from the centrifugal force of the compacted mass turn on the pressure 57. To get superheated in the upper chamber, steam with higher temperatures turn on the electric 56. At the same time, it is possible to set the pressure in the safety valve 8 ° below 2 atm. Vapor in the center of the rotor is heated and already overheated passes through the wax raw materials. Since the steam expands and heats up when heated, a portion of it is discharged through the valve 8a to the atmosphere. Drain the wax and juice through the valve 63.

When using the installation as an acute steam disinfection chamber, the preparation of the chamber, the filling, the steam supply and the rotation of the frame prism are carried out in the same way as indicated during the processing of the wax raw material or the base with the framework. A disinfectant gas is used to disinfect the combs. The difference with steam disinfection is that with this method, chamber 67 must be freed from water, the plug 83 is removed from the nozzle and the gas cylinder hose is put on it. The optimum temperature in the chamber is maintained by connecting the heater 75 to the mains.

Determining the required concentration of gas in the chamber, the gas cylinder is placed on the balance and the amount of gas released into the chamber is determined by reducing the weight of the cylinder. The rotation of the rotor and the circulation of gas are carried out as for steam disinfection. In the second variant, the rotor is rotated only at the start of disinfection, after the gas has been thoroughly mixed, the rotor is turned off.

When using the installation as a washing machine or a washing machine (for washing batches, g frames with honeycombs, diaphragms, etc.), chamber 1, 67 is filled with detergent or washing solution through fitting 83 or hatch 49. Heating the solution, creating a rotation of the rotor 15-20 rpm in the drums or frame prism is washing or washing. When filling the chambers with a chemical disinfectant solution, you can disinfect comb, slats, 5 small inventory.

When using the unit as a drying unit, preparing the chamber; Apo: icing, heating the air, launching the air into the chamber and removing it are performed as for treating bees with hot air. Drying of wax, pollen, etc. differs only in creating an elevated temperature of 15-140 ° C in the duration of the drying time. In addition, to increase aeration and air circulation in the chamber, the rotor speed increases by 200 rpm.

Using the unit as a radial honey extractor. To achieve the optimum temperature, chamber 1 is heated with heated water in chamber 67. The honey frames are arranged as shown in fig. 1 - 4 poses. 19.20 (one to the other) and pressed with the clamp of the movable ring 90. When the rotor rotates at 200 rpm, the honey is pumped out. The honey extractor can be used to pump honey directly from the hulls. For this, parallelepipeds of the frame prism are made with the calculation of the placement of the shells in them.

During the sterilization of honey, wax from the rotor, the drums 18, the lamps and the burner are removed, the sterilization is carried out in a known manner.

When used as a mixing plant or for filling

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honeycomb frames sugar syrup M chamber 67 naparr; Yut Veda. Pipe nozzle 73, drums 18, electric bulbs and torch sn1 go. Crane 68 otngig)); and the taps 44, 69, 72, and 8 were closed to the port. Through the hatch 49, the chamber 1 1 lp r1p 1 with water was heated to Kinengch and: .- let the engine start. When the rotor is rotated 15–20 rpm, the necessary amount of sugar is poured into the chamber (according to the second BapiiaHTy, the sugar is poured into a frame prism or p drum :). To fill the paNioK sushi with sugar syrup, a frame is placed in the frame prism (as shown i; a pos. 19,20, and) ay zrap: rotor 10 rpm. AauojjHc-- cell comb arising from the movement of the framework along the sugar syrup.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula one . Universal beekeeper regatta including a hull with holes dd The exhaust air and exhaust air tracks, with mesh cylindrical cash desk installed on the holder, and tag sources differing in qro, in order to expand the functionality, the Esset mesh net holder is made in the form of a frame fixed on the axis. the correct prism with sockets, and the heat constriction is fixed:: enes inside the frame, with the body in cross section made in the Archimedes spiral. . Unit for l. 1, about tl and h a- | 1 1ts and G: so that it is equipped with a steam generating chamber connected to the body by means of a nipple with a craque. 3. The unit of claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that a flexible stop for shaking the cassettes is fixed on the wall of the case.  ., five., R 17 P 2i g f S9 S 50 78 51 2ff 18 J. -ifiiiifxxYy i, 46/7 13 52- J j; .25 2 ii r 72 65 67 five 35 SO 75 thirty Vuz, 3 JJ 32 3560 LJ. nineteen Z3 Bl ue.ff Compiled by A. Grigor Editor A.Dolinnch Tehred L.Oliynyk Order 5T34 / 3 Circulation 627 VNIIGGI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Az 21 52 Proofreader M.Maksiminshynets Subscription Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, Projecto st., 4