SU1336976A1 - Apparatus for automatic adjustment of cutting height for harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on energy-intensive forage harvesters. The invention makes it possible to increase the reliability of the work of the harvesting machine and simplify the maintenance of the device for automatic adjustment of the cutting height. In position II, the injection and drainage magnets of the hydraulic system are disconnected and a self-regulating closed loop of force tracking on the reference copy element 2 is formed in the system. Due to the difference in the diameters of the rod d and d of the hydraulic cylinder 3, the force on the copy element 2 is aligned to the specified value R, the support diameter - Akdia. When the reference copying element 2 enters the excavation of the soil surface, the reference reaction decreases, and in the case of complete detachment of the support element from the soil, it is zero, increasing the force on the hydraulic cylinder body 3 through a system of levers. As a consequence, due to the imbalance in the closed loop, the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 3 moves to the right, lowering the supporting element 2 / L down. This process continues until the moment when the reference reaction is restored to the value of R and the sy-, .. condition of equilibrium is reached. 4 hp f-ly. 1 il. oo oo 05 CO O5

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery industry and can be used on energy-based forage harvesters.

The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of the work of the harvester and simplify the maintenance of the device for the automatic adjustment of the cutting height.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus for automatically adjusting the cutting height.

The device includes a circuit for auto-adjusting the height of the rotating valve 13, which serves to

According to the deviations of the position of the header 1, having a supporting element 2 with the possibility of installing it to a predetermined cutting height and effort in its hanging mechanism, containing g and idle actuator with the actuating hydraulic cylinder 3, hydroaccumulator 4, adjustable valve 5 pressure, control measuring equipment, from the edge on the inclusion of the pressure gauge 6 and pressure gauge 7, as well as the valve 8 and the system 9 adjustable throttles and valves.

The rods of the hydraulic cylinder 3 are fixedly mounted on the frame of the harvesting machine, and its body is pivotally connected through a system of levers with the header 1. The rods of the gyro cylinder have different diameters d and d. Selected from the equilibrium conditions of the header hanging mechanism according to the equilibrium equation

R. R. + R

de

RU

Pi P: pressure force in the left of the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3 on its body;

the pressure force in the right cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3 on its body;

result; w; its force on the body of the hydraulic cylinder 3 from the force of the plate 2, response to the support element 2 and from the geometrical parameters of the system that meets the conditions:, + B with R-, 0,,

de K and B are constant coefficients. The valve 8 is made

the form of a three-position element.

In position I, the injection magistrate-defrosting element 2. Due to the difference in diameters of the rods d and d of the cylinder 3, the force on the copying element 2 is equalized to a predetermined value of the support reaction R: i,

the hydraulic pump from the hydraulic pump 3 is connected to the left cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the hydraulic accumulator 4, while the right hydraulic cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected to

drain line. In position II, the injection line is disconnected from the pump and the drain line. Both cylinder cavities and hydroaccumulator 4 are interconnected by means of a system 9 of adjustable throttles and hydraulic valves, consisting of adjustable throttles 10, which are used to adjust the time of lowering the header to the set value R, adjustable throttle 11 and valve 12, which serve to adjust the time of raising the header to specified R-, customize

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speed up the reaper with a sharp elevation of the terrain. In position III, the injection line from the hydraulic pump is connected to the right-hand cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3, the left-hand cavity is connected to the drain line and the hydraulic accumulator is locked.

The control equipment is adjustable and adjustable, namely, an adjustable pressure valve 5, with which the pressure in the system is adjusted depending on the type of header, a system 9 of adjustable throttles and valves, a pressure gauge on valve 6 connected to a pressure and drain line MI and hydroaccumulator 4, and the pressure gauge 7 are located in the operator's cabin.

The device works as follows.

The pressure valve 5 is adjusted to a constant pressure P. With the help of the hydraulic distributor 8, when it is switched to position I and the hydraulic cylinder 3, the header 1 is moved to the transport position. At the same time, the accumulator 4 is charged. The reference copy element 2 is set to the required cutting height, after which the header with the help of the distributor 8 when lowered to position III is lowered onto the basic copying element 2. Then the distributor 8 switches to position II.

In this position, the hydraulic and discharge lines of the hydraulic system are disconnected and a self-regulating closed loop of tracking forces on supporting copy element 2 is formed in the system. Due to the difference in rod diameters d and d of cylinder 3, the force on copy element 2 is aligned to the specified value of support reaction R: i

When the reference copying element 2 enters the excavation of the soil surface, the reference response R (t) decreases, and in the case of complete removal of the support element from the soil, it is zero, increasing the force on the cylinder body 3 through a leverage system. As a result, due to the violation of the equilibrium conditions in a closed loop, the cylinder body 3 moves to the right, lowering the supporting element 2 downwards. This process continues until the reference reaction restores the value of Ry and the system reaches an equilibrium condition.

The deviation / lH (t) of the cutting height is proportional to the travel time of the hydraulic cylinder body. The travel time of the hydraulic cylinder body, i.e. lower the header, depending on the throttling between the cylinder cavities, i.e. from the adjustment of the adjustable throttle 10. At the same time, the tune-up can be carried out during the operation of the machine from the operator’s cabin, taking into account the speed and topography of the soil.

When the supporting copying element 2 hits the protrusion of the soil surface, the supporting response R (t) and the pressure force G (t) of the supporting copying element to the soil increases. The force on the cylinder body 3 increases in proportion, as a result of which the cylinder body moves to the left, raising the header. This process continues until the reference reaction is restored to the value and the system reaches an equilibrium condition. The deviation AH (t) of the cutting height is proportional to the travel time of the cylinder body. The travel time of the hydraulic cylinder body, i.e. the height of the header depends on the magnitude of the throttling between the cylinder cavities, i.e. from the setting of the throttles 11. At the same time, the tune-up can be made during the operation of the machine from the operator’s cabin, taking into account the speed and topography of the soil.

Learning that the header should be raised faster than lowering (to prevent the supporting copying elements from digging into the soil and catching the soil by the cutting unit), a valve 12 is provided in the system, which allows adjusting the raising and lowering times of the header by different values.

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In the event of a further rapid increase in the support reaction R (t) and excess force on the cylinder body 3, the hydraulic valve 13 is actuated, as a result of which the flow time of the working fluid from one cavity of the hydraulic cylinder to the other decreases and accelerates the rise of the header 1, which continues. Cheats to reduce the support reaction.

to the level of the value of R, after which the leveling system is adjusted and the cutting height corresponds to the installation height.

The deviation of 4Hc (t) of the cutting height in this case is proportional to the travel time of the cylinder body. The time taken to move the cylinder body when lifting the header depends on the amount of throttling between the cylinder cavities, i.e. from setting adjusting throttle 11.

With a sharp increase in the value of Ry, a support reaction, an increase in the force of the pressure of the supporting copy element 2 on the ground is limited by adjusting the spring of the check valve 13, when triggered, the equilibration time of the system tends to zero.

In order to control the pressure in the system, a valve for switching on the pressure gauge 6 and pressure gauge 7 is provided. When replacing the header with another type of header, the valve 5 is adjusted to a constant pressure R corresponding to the type of header. The adjustment and control of the pressure setting is carried out by means of a crank of the pressure gauge 6 and the pressure gauge 7 directly from the operator’s cabin.

To compensate for the leakage of working fluid during operation and to improve the aperture properties of the entire system of copying the relief of the soil, a hydraulic accumulator 4 is used, connected in the process of operation through a distributor with both cavities of the hydraulic cylinder.

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Claims (5)

1. Device for automatic adjustment of the cutting height to the harvester, including a closed and self-adjusting contour of automatic adjustment of the cutting height by the deviation of the header having a support element, and by the forces of its cutting mechanism containing the hydraulic drive „ with an actuating hydraulic cylinder, an adjustable pressure valve and a hydraulic pump, valves and throttles, so that, in order to increase the reliability of the harvesting machine and simplify the maintenance of the device for automatic adjustment of the cutting height, the autochemical control loop is equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and the hydraulic cylinder is outlined with rods of different diameters fixed on the harvesting machine and the body connected by means of levers to the header, and the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder in the copying position are connected through a hydraulic valve and a system of adjustable chokes and valves with a pump accumulator. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the system of adjustable chokes and valves consists of two adjustable chokes and a tunable valve arranged parallel to each other and connected to the working cavities Compiled by A. Barsov: Editor N. Slobod nickname Tehred M. Khodanich Corr Pod 4061/1 Circulation 627 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 .five ten -jg 20 25 a hydraulic cylinder, one of the adjustable throttles being connected to the cavity of the working cylinder through an unregulated valve, t 3. The device according to PP, I and 2, is of the fact that the system of adjustable throttles and valves is complete together with the control valve. 4. Device on PP. I and 2, characterized in that the system is equipped with a control apparatus consisting of a manometer and a switch-on valve connected to the pressure and discharge lines and the hydraulic accumulator. 5. Device on PP. 1-3, in which the pressure control valve, the system of adjustable throttles and valves, and the control equipment are installed and can be controlled from the operator's workplace. Proofreader V. Booth ha Subscription