SU1319796A1 - Method of monitoring the operation of grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agriculture. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the control, the technological process of the combine harvester by determining the cause of its violation. The grain loss due to straw and wind-sieve cleaning, the total amount of grain is measured, and the loss is compared with the total amount of grain. Then, the magnitude of losses due to straw catcher is compared with the magnitude of losses due to windshield cleaning. Depending on the conditions of harvesting, the zone of permissible deviations of the ratio of the magnitude of losses due to straw catchers and the magnitude of losses due to wind-screen cleaning and the zone of permissible deviations of relative losses are established. The reason for the violation of the technological process of the combine harvester is defined by -. according to the combination of the deviations obtained outside the established zones. 3 il. , 1 tab. (L Wed S -vj from 05

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to methods for controlling the technological process of combine harvesters.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of monitoring the process of a combine harvester by determining the causes of a violation.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device implementing this method; in fig. 2 - dependence of the throughput capacity of the SVD-Z Sibir combine for moisture content with relative grain losses at the threshing machine; in fig. 3 - dependence of the loss ratio for cleaning and the straw walker of the SK-5 Niva combine on the moisture content of the granular mass.

The table shows the control algorithm of the device.

The method of controlling the technological process of a combine harvester consists in measuring grain losses during the straw walker and wind-screen cleaning, measuring the total amount of grain harvested by the combine harvester, comparing grain losses with the amount of grain harvested by the combine harvester, comparing the magnitude of losses due to straws with the magnitude of losses due to wind-blowing cleaning, depending on the conditions of harvesting, establish the zone of permissible deviations of the ratio of the magnitude of losses due to straws to the value of ter for cleaning and vetroreshetnoy tolerance zone relative losses., the cause of the abnormality process is determined by a combination of the obtained deviations beyond the established zones.

The quality of the technological process performed by a combine harvester is determined by the loss of grain (of all types) by crushing and clogging of bunker grain. The specified quality indicators are regulated by agrotechnical requirements, in particular, the total loss of grain at the thresher should be no more than 1.5%, the crushing of grain — not less than 1.5-250%. 5, the purity of grain in the bunker should be not less than 95-97%. Combine adjustments are considered optimal, ensuring maximum productivity with respect to agro-requirements in terms of

97962

qualities, i.e. the supply of plant mass to the threshing machine must coincide with the throughput of the thresher g combine. The throughput of the combine thresher depends on the conditions of harvesting (typical dependence is shown in Fig. 2, where curve I corresponds to a humidity of 20%, curve II - 10 A5%, curve III - 1.0%, curve IV PP 8n B „(P W) at (5, (1)

15 where g is the throughput of the thresher of the combine, kg / s; P - relative losses of grain

at the threshing machine,%; W moisture content of vegetable mass - 20 sa,%;

° ratio of grain to straw. From the outflow (1), determine the level of total grain loss behind the threshing machine for optimal performance. 25 technological process

gq, V, h (Uj + U,) V ,, (l4- |), (2)

where g is the actual mass feed in the 30 threshing machine, kg / s;

VK - the speed of movement of the combine,

 m / s;

. h, j - cutting width of the header, m; Uj, Uj; - yield of grain, straw,

kg / m

Since the throughput of the thresher of the combine is determined for S 5, the actual feed is reduced to the given

35

8pr 3

1 C 1 + 5

V.,

(3)

where g is the feed rate, kg / s.

The level of optimal total losses at the combine thresher is found from the condition

(four)

 Etc

 g, (P, W),

The curves (Fig. 2) are individual for each type of combine and are constructed by agro-evaluation of the operation of the combine in various conditions. The magnitude of the total losses of grain is determined as follows: on the abscissa axis, moisture is deposited corresponding to the current conditions of harvesting, on the ordinate axis-reduced feed, corresponding to the actual feed, taking into account the straw content of the harvested mass.

31

Through the resulting point A (W, g passes one curve from the family (Fig. 2), moreover

 WT), (3)

where P is the center of the region by total

rubbed m

However, this indicator alone does not allow for the integrated control of the technological process and the elimination of the difficult to implement control of crushing and clogging of bunker grain.

The control of the ratio of grain loss after cleaning and straw walkers increases the reliability of control of the technological process for grain loss. The ratio of free grain losses for cleaning and straw walkers for constant humidity does not depend on the feed to the threshing machine and for dry conditions (Wi; 14%) for the SKD-5 Siberian combine to RFI / RSOL 2, where P, RFO are grain losses due to cleaning and straw catchers respectively.

For single drum threshing combines, this ratio is even higher for such conditions. For the SK-5 Niva combine in normal harvesting conditions (grain moisture 16-19%, straw moisture 13-19%), the ratio is approximately equal to one, which somehow indicates a balance between the straw walker and wind-sieve cleaning. For a Don-1500 harvester of 1984, under normal harvesting conditions, the loss ratio is equal to two, which indirectly indicates the need for further refinement of the design of the working parts of the thresher. Under wet conditions, threshing of grain worsens, separation of impurities from straw masks for cleaning decreases, which results relative overloading of the straws and underloading of the cleaning, and, as a result, the optimal share of grain losses due to the straw is more than the fraction of grain losses due to cleaning.

The analysis of long-term data on agro-evaluation of combines of various types allowed us to construct curves that characterize the dependence of the ratio of grain loss after cleaning and straw walker of a combine harvester on the conditions of harvesting with optimal execution of the threshing and cleaning process (Fig. 2). Data on agro9796, 4

The ratings were analyzed as follows. They were divided into a reduced supply of plant mass to the thresher. Within each group of data, the results of those experiments were selected, in which the thresher adjustments provided the lowest average level of relative grain losses for

0 with a grind while keeping agro demands for cleanliness and crushing of the bunker. foot grain. For the selected experiments, the ratio of grain loss after cleaning and straw catchers was determined.

5 of FIG. Level 2 of the nominal grain loss ratio (middle of the tolerance control area) is defined. based on the moisture content of the cleaned straw mass. Because

0

k Р ,, / Р, „, k (W), (6)

then k k (W), where k, W are the current values of the correspondingly optimal

ratio of loss and moisture of plant mass.

In order to properly adjust the com- pany to the changed harvesting conditions (by complying with the directives generated by the display device according to the results of loss control and the ratio of grain losses), the J-boundaries of permissible zones for changing the specified parameters are adjusted, i.e. set them according to current conditions

0 Pr ... 7 P, P 1.3 P ,; I., 0.7 k, k, 1.3 C,

 those. ± 30% of the nominal (optimal) value of the control parameter. 5 The monitoring device, with which this method is carried out, contains a grain loss sensor 1 for wind-sieve cleaning, a grain loss sensor 2 for straw, a signal addition unit 3 0 whose inputs are connected to the outputs of sensors 1 and 2, a ratio block 4 the inputs of which are connected to the second outputs of sensors 1 and 2, the comparison device With the upper limit 5, 7 and the lower limit 6, 8 voltage. The first inputs of the comparison devices 5, 6 are connected to the output of the summation unit 3, the first inputs of the devices 7, 8 Comparison Compound513

yen, with the output of block 4, the device 9 sets the boundary reference voltages whose outputs are connected to the second inputs of the comparison devices 5-8, the logic device 10, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the comparison devices 5-8, the display device 11 connected to the logic device 10 .

The device works as follows.

The signals from sensors 1 and 2 in the form of a sequence of pulses, whose frequency is proportional to the amount of loss for cleaning and straw, are fed to the inputs of blocks 3, 4 of summation and ratio. The output of the summation block 3 generates a voltage proportional to the sum of the frequencies from sensors 1 and 2, and the output of block 4 is a ratio proportional to the ratio of the frequencies from sensor 2 to the frequency from sensor 1. These voltages are sent to the comparison devices from block 3 - on devices 5 and 6, from block 4 - on devices 7 and 8. On the other inputs of the comparison devices 5-8, reference voltages are supplied from the device 9, defining the limits of the allowable variation of voltages formed by blocks 3 and 4, on leaving the last outside the established zone at the exit stvuyuschego device for comparing is 1. If the value of the voltage

The scientific research institutes are in the established zone, then at the outputs of devices 5-8 we have O, C outputs of devices 5-8 of comparison, this information goes to logic device 10, which in accordance with the state of outputs of devices of comparison devices controls display device 11 according to the given algorithm see table).

LTD

The technological process is normal, banners are not highlighted.

Table continuation

Formula nzobre

13

the shadows

The method of controlling the technological process of a combine harvester, which consists in measuring the loss of grain during the straw walker and during wind-sieve cleaning, measure the amount of grain collected by the combine harvester, compare the loss of grain with the amount of grain collected by the combine harvester, and the quality of the technological process of the combine harvester determined by the ratio obtained, characterized in that, in order to increase the control efficiency of the pu-.

eight

determining the cause of the violation of the technological process of the combine harvester, compare the magnitude of losses due to the straw walker from

Noise losses for windshield cleaning,

depending on the conditions of cleaning, the zone of permissible deviations of the ratio of the magnitude of losses for

straw thawers to the magnitude of losses for wind-sieve cleaning and the zone of permissible deviations of relative losses, while the magnitude of the disturbance of the technological process of the combine harvester is determined by a combination of the deviations obtained outside the established zones.

33 W,%

"ABOUT

tt

AT

Claims (1)

Claim The method of controlling the technological process of the combine harvester, which consists in measuring the grain loss behind a straw walker and for wind-sieve cleaning, measure the amount of grain collected by the combine harvester, compare the loss of 1 grain with the amount of grain collected by the combine harvester, and determine the quality of the technological process of the combine harvester by the resulting ratio, about t l and - 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the effectiveness of the control pu. to determine the cause of the disruption of the technological process of the combine harvester, compare the losses for the straw walker with the losses for the windbreaker cleaning, depending on the harvesting conditions, set the zone of permissible deviations of the ratio of the losses for the straw walker to the losses for the windrowing and the zone of permissible deviations of relative losses, the magnitude of the violation of the technological process of the combine harvester is determined by the combination of the obtained deviations beyond the established nnyh zones. fi. " 1 Fig. 3