SU1284645A1 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing cylindrical spiral springs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of coil springs and allows for expanding technical capabilities. For the implementation of the method, the end of the material being wound is fixed on the mandrel and, when the latter is rotated, the support coil is wound, then the coil of smaller diameter is wound onto which the coil of larger diameter is laid, and these operations are repeated until a desired size spring is obtained, naviva subsequent coil, predshare fixed in the axial direction. The device for implementing the method contains mounted on the base I unit of the supply of rolled material 2, o f

Description

with

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A mandrel 5 fixed in the cartridge J and the holder 4, consisting of two unequal parts. The mandrel has a rotational drive 6 and translational 7 movement. On the smaller part of the mandrel, an eccentric cam is made, which has an unlocked annular projection. A frame 8 with a lead screw 9 and its drive 10 is pivotally attached to the frame. A pressure roller 11 is installed on the lead screw. It is intended to set the coils of the spring 12 to the required pitch. In the device version, the pressure roller is mounted freely on an axis fixed in the bracket of the upper feed carriage wound material. The upper carriage parallel to the axis of the mandrel is moved by a driving screw with a drive similar to the basic version of the device. 2 sec. and 3 3.p. f-ly. 6 Il.

one

The invention relates to mechanical engineering technology, in particular to the production of cylindrical coil springs, in which the coils have diameters of two different sizes alternating between them, the springs of this design can be applied to transport machines, for example, in spring locomotive suspension.

and wagons.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the method and device for its implementation at the expense of obtaining springs with an alternation of springs with each other with coils of two different diameters.

This is achieved by fixing one end of the bar, winding the first end (supporting) turn, for example, of a larger diameter, sequentially winding the thread of a smaller diameter, and putting a larger diameter turn on it and repeating these operations until a spring of the required size is obtained. this, in order to prevent the larger coil from shifting from the smaller one, winding the subsequent coil, which is fixed in the axial direction.

After winding up the tension spring, it is further compressed in the axial direction in order to ensure that the end turns lie against the adjacent working turns. And in the compression spring, after winding is completed, the coils are pushed to the required pitch.

Produced springs, which have turns of two different diameters

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five

. 25 30

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35

They are melodious, they may differ in the design of support coils: the spring molset starts with a coil of a larger or smaller diameter, be symmetrical along the end (support) coils, or has an end (support) coil of a larger diameter at one end, and the other end has a end (support) coil of smaller diameter.

The methods of manufacturing prulshnits practically do not differ from one another. The only difference is that if the spring starts with a coil of a smaller diameter, then the coiling starts with a coil of a smaller diameter, which is also a support coil, and the same order of operations is further preserved as in the proposed method.

At the same time, the end (support) coils can be made either with finished butt-trimmed ends, as well as unfinished ones, and without mechanical treatment of the ends.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the spatial scheme of the device for manufacturing a spring, explaining the relative position of its main elements, as well as the installation of the manufactured spring; Fig. 2 shows a spring wound, the relative position of the coils of larger and smaller diameter, and the structure of the device for making the spring; in fig. 3 - a compression spring, the turns of which 43 of the wound spring are moved apart by the device by the required pitch, and the position of the elements of the device that perform this operation; in Fig about 4 - section aa on

Fig 3; in fig. 5 - the device when the pressure roller is installed on the upper carriage of the caliper; in fig. 6 is a smaller part of the mandrel, a general view, explaining its construction, including an eccentric cam and the location of an open ring lug.

The proposed device is made on the basis of a screw-cutting lathe, in the construction of which the necessary changes and additions have been made to allow the proposed method to be realized.

On the frame 1 is mounted before. The head 2, on the cartridge 3 of which a smaller part 4 of the mandrel 5 is fixed, is provided with an eccentric cam 6 having an unclosed annular protrusion 7 on the surface to hold the end (support) coil 8 of the spring 9 in the axial direction, and at the end it is provided with a cylindrical stud Yu, serving as the front end of the majority of the 11 mandrel 5. In the cartridge 3 of the headstock 2 of the device there is a lever 12 of the mechanism for clamping the end of the workpiece. On the base 1 there is placed the supply unit for the wound material 13 - a support 14, to which the i-roll 15, as well as a removable ring stop 16 are attached with rotation. The support 14 along the stand 1 is driven both by a manual drive 17 and a lead screw 18 through chassis nut 19 from the box of 20 speeds is quite similar to the device screw-cutting lathe. Removable ring stop 16 covers

Sh

The shaft part 11 of the mandrel 5 can receive rotational and translational movements from the gearbox and pneumatic cylinder, respectively.

A rigid frame 27 is hinged on the frame 1, in the bearings of which the spindle 28 is installed and the output gear 29 of the gearbox 30 is loosely mounted. The gear 29 is engaged with the spindle 28 by the gear coupling 31, and the gear 30 is attached to the rack 32 of the frame 27 A motor 33 is attached to the gearbox 30 of the gearbox 30, and the shaft of the gearbox is connected via an elastic coupling 34 to the input shaft 35 of the gearbox. On the lead screw 28, a pressure roller 36 is mounted, the hub 37 of which is a running nut, and the rim 38 is movably mounted on it and in the cross section has the shape of a cone on the outside.

The rack 32 is pivotally secured with a nut and nut 39, which includes a screw 40 mounted in a swing arm 41, the axis of rotation of which is mounted in a rack rigidly fixed to the base 1. This is done to ensure that the roller 36 is fed in the direction across the axis of the mandrel 5.

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25

thirty

In the device (Fig. 5), the pressure roller 42 has a simpler design than roller 36, and is movably mounted on an axis 43 fixed in crown 44, rigidly attached to a transverse carriage 45 mounted in the guides of the upper carriage 46

a mandrel 5 with an annular gap and a support-40 support 14. The carriage 46 through its screw 47 fixing it to the support 14 re-receives the longitudinal feed for roll-driving with gaskets, since the large 42, and the cross-feed of this greater precision of it the installation is not required, including through the ring hinge, carried out by the screw 48. The screw 47 is driven from a reduction gear50

Zora: if only there was no contact of 45 R, the device of which is similar to the gearbox 30. The gearbox 49 with the electric motor 33 is attached to the caliper 14, its output gear 29 is connected to the screw 47 by the gear coupling 31.

The gearbox 30 or 49 is adjusted to obtain the required rotational speed of the lead screw 28 or 47 by interchangeable gears, or the gearbox is made in the form of a variator allowing variable rotation, including programmed control, of the lead screw during spring coiling, or during the transition

with the surface of the mandrel 5.

Installation and drive most of the 11 mandrel 5 are similar to the known device.

At the end of the bed 1, the plate 21 is fixedly fixed and the pneumatic cylinder 22 is fixed on it, the rod of which is connected to the movable plate 23. A gear 24 with an electric motor is mounted on the same plate. The output shaft 25 55 of the gearbox 24 is connected to the holder 26, with which most of the mandrel 5 is directly connected. Thus, regardless of the cartridge 3, the pain

The shaft part 11 of the mandrel 5 can receive rotational and translational movements from the gearbox and pneumatic cylinder, respectively.

A rigid frame 27 is hinged on the frame 1, in the bearings of which the spindle 28 is installed and the output gear 29 of the gearbox 30 is loosely mounted. The gear 29 is engaged with the spindle 28 by the gear coupling 31, and the gear 30 is attached to the rack 32 of the frame 27 The electric gearbox 30 is attached to the gearbox of the gearbox 30, the motor 33, the shaft of the core of which is connected through an elastic coupling 34 to the input shaft 35 of the gearbox. On the lead screw 28, a pressure roller 36 is installed, the hub 37 of which is a running nut, and the rim 38 is mounted on it movably and in the cross section has the shape of a cone on the outside.

The rack 32 is pivotally secured with a nut and nut 39, which includes a screw 40 mounted in a swing arm 41, the axis of rotation of which is mounted in a rack rigidly fixed to the base 1. This is done to ensure that the roller 36 is fed in the direction across the axis of the mandrel 5.

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In the device (Fig. 5), the pressure roller 42 has a simpler design than roller 36, and is movably mounted on an axis 43 fixed in crown 44, rigidly attached to a transverse carriage 45 mounted in the guides of the upper carriage 46

caliper 14. The carriage 46 through the screw 47 receives the longitudinal feed for the roller 42, and the transverse feed for this roller

screw is realized by screw 48. Screw 47 is driven by gearbox50

45

55

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for the manufacture of springs of another time (wound material). On the turn

measure. smaller diameter stack second

The elevation angle of the helix is a twig-working turn of a larger diameter,

the squeezing gin — the growth of the bride, except for the specimen — the stop 16 keeps him from sliding, usually does not exceed 8–10 °. In 5i, when winding from a smaller turn of fixes, used in the spring of them in a predetermined position, hanging transport vehicles. Additional retention of a larger

the angle of elevation of the turns is equal to 5-6. The turn can be made with the help of the rim 38 of the roller 36 by the roller 36, which also sets (like the roller 42) the cone to form a distance d from the protrusion 7. in cross section, providing The lead screw 28, during the transfer of the VT, touches the point of the contact surface 16 to the next step d and does not turn with the surface of the workpiece. The pressure roller 36 during the spring time and thereby reduces the windings of the first two (first row) between them, and also compensates the working turns (smaller and larger); some discrepancy is not moving along the axis of the screw 28. nor the plane of rotation of the roller (first, then simultaneously with the feeding of the bar, pendicularly to the axis of the mandrel) and the angle are moved along the axis of the mandrel 5 to lift the turns of the spring. Port 14 with an annular abutment 16 for adequate coding 20 (Stopping d and winding the bottom screw 28 (his work, the length is not you A smaller diameter of the coil. More than 500 mm, which corresponds to maxi-lik 36, remains at the same place, the maximum height in a free state, and keeps the first coil of the coil springs, applied x on the locomotive and the diameter from the coil Roller operability of a smaller diameter. Remaining not secured. The spindle 47 is movable relative to the spindle winch under such loads as 28 along its axis, the rim 38 of the roller- screw 28. The 36 turns freely from the angular

The proposed method of manufacturing speed On relative to the hub 37

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cylindrical hedgehog coil springs due to adhesion with a held stretching extension, having an alternating barrel coil of spring 9, which turn between the coils of two different diameters together with the mandrel 5 with an angular ditch, is realized in the process of working the speed of the proposed device .. While on top of the second smaller

The device, when winding a coil spring35, places the second coil of growth, works in the following diameter. The roller 36 is moved zom. Along the axis of the mandrel at a distance d,

that he was holding the second large victo of the rolled material 13 of the UK,

t- - stop by switching off the muf-

on the protruding cylinder 40s 31. The ring stop 16 is also the perpendicular surface of the smaller part 4, distance d, so that in - of the mandrel 5 the eccentric cam 6 is further positioned ahead of the ring protrusion 7 and relative to the worn lever 12 clamping mechanism. C 6 and winding of the cartridge 3 organizer-45

 xh blowing a number of turns and such an operation

The end of the material being rolled will be repeated as many times as it does, in this way, it will gradually smoothly decrease.

 Vivaem spring 9 turns smaller

eccentric diameter f of height, i.e. until lump 6 is received and then smoothly moves to the desired size. In this case, the cylindrical part of the smaller part 4 50 each previous row of turns of the fixing mandrel 5, whose diameter is equal to ..,

 ring stop 1 about and the additional inner diameter of the smaller turn roller 36. wound spring 9. Thus

an end (supporting) turn 8 is obtained. If the spring is made to grow - and from it is transferred to the first workman’s wife 55, then it will be screwed on this end of the smaller diameter of the spring 9.. The main drive is shut off and at this time the ring stop 16 is suspended. The yoke is led away to the protrusion 7 at a distance along the chug 12 of the clamping mechanism of the end axis of the mandrel 5, equal to the diameter d of the rod (supporting) loop 8 and the frame 27 from

712

com 36. They include the mechanism of rotation and longitudinal movement of the larger mandrel 5 4acTij 11. When simultaneously rotated in the direction opposite to the winding and longitudinal from the headstock 2, the larger part 11 of the mandrel 5 is moved with the spring 9 wound on it. ) the coil 8 of the latter is screwed from the smaller part 4 of the mandrel 5 and with further removal of the greater part 11 of the mandrel 5, the spring is freely removed from it. A striker in this case serves as an annular abutment 1 against which the end of the spring 9 abuts. The spring enters the table (not shown) where the end (supporting) coil 8 is heated up to contact with the adjacent spring coil. After which the spring enters the hardening drum (not shown)

In the manufacture of a compression spring, the manufacturing process, counting from said end of winding, proceeds as follows.

A support 14 with an annular stop 16 is retracted over a distance H - the height of the finished spring in the free state. The clutch 31 is turned on and the roller 36 is distilled so that it becomes between the end (supporting) turn 8 and the next turn of a larger diameter adjacent to it (shown by a dotted line, Fig. 3). The lead screw 28 is turned on, at the same time giving it a screw 40 lateral feed for the value of the bar diameter. The roller 36 begins to move (in the V direction, Fig. 3) along the screw 28 in accordance with the pitch of the spring 9 being manufactured.

The rotational speed of the lead screw 2 is determined from the ratio i .S de.,

P"

de

S pr

t.6i

-X6

spring pitch, mm; lead screw pitch, mm / rev; 2 - coefficient determining the mode of operation of the roller.

When moving along the screw 28 roller 36, moving to the side wound

spring springs, squeezes the coils, rolling them and stretching the spring to the required height H until its

end (supporting) coil (at the end,

opposite to the headstock 2) does not abut against the ring stop 16. In this case, the coils of larger diameter are located one relative to the other at a distance, and the coils of a smaller diameter between them are also one of

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the other at the same distance so that between adjacent turns of larger and smaller diameters the distance is 8 ° p. If necessary, the calibration of the turns of the spring 9 to ensure the required spacing between the turns is repeated, giving the screw 28 the rotational speed determined by the formula given at i 1. After calibration is completed, the main drive of the device is turned off and the cartridge 3 stops. The finished spring 9 is removed from the mandrel 5 in the same manner as described for the spring tension. If necessary, the second right turn is installed upright and the spring enters the quenching drum (not shown).

The proposed method of manufacturing cylindrical coil springs and the device for its implementation allow the manufacture of cylindrical coil springs having alternating turns of two different diameters, including spring sizes, used in spring suspension of railway vehicles, in particular, diesel locomotives.

The springs of the proposed design with the same dimensions with the springs of a conventional design, allow for greater (about 2 times) deflection, have 10-15% less weight, respectively, less material consumption, and improve the dynamic qualities of the rolling stock.

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five

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For example, springs are used in diesel locomotives under construction, the dimensions of which are in the range: in the outer diameter 190, 200 and 250 mm; in free condition height 200, 250, 400 and 500 mm; from a bar with a diameter of 23, 36, 40 and 45 mm. Spring material - steel 60C,

g

.

The usual spring with dimensions: 160 mm in outer diameter, 233 mm in height, number of working turns 5, from a rod with a diameter of 23 mm, has a mass of 9.2 kg. A spring with the same parameters, manufactured by the proposed method, has a mass of 7.82 kg, i.e. less by 1.38 kg.

Normally spring with outer diameter. 260 mm, height 275 mm, with the number of working turns 3 and 5, from a bar with a diameter of 40 mm, has a mass of 34 kg. Spring made on the proposed

has a mass of 29 kg, i.e. 5 kg less.

The technical and economic effect of the implementation of the proposed method of manufacturing cylindrical spiral pipes and devices for its implementation, which allows to manufacture springs with alternating turns of two different diameters, is to improve the quality of the product: increased spring deflection and reduction of their mass, reduction of metal consumption by 10-15% in each spring in comparison with the known springs.

The noted qualities of the springs according to the invention significantly improve the dynamic qualities of rolling stock, in particular diesel locomotives, and reduce its impact on the track. This also increases the reliability and durability of the rolling stock-path system.

invention formula

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing cylindrical coil springs from measuring Rods, in which the end of the preheated workpiece is fixed on the mandrel and while rotating the latter wound coils of the spring, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities by obtaining springs with alternating coils of two different diameters, after winding the support coil of the spring, winding a coil of smaller diameter and winding a coil of a larger diameter over it, simultaneously fixing the winding coil in the axial direction, repeat These operations are performed until springs of the required size are obtained. 2. A device for the manufacture of cylindrical coil springs, comprising a unit for supplying wound material, mounted on a frame, a drive spindle, a composite mandrel with means for fixing its parts relative to one another, the front part of which together with the mechanism for clamping the end of the wound mother five 0 five 0 The ala is fixed in the spindle and has an eccentric cam, the holder of the rear part of the mandrel with the drive of its rotational and translational movement, characterized in that, in order to expand the technological capabilities of the device by producing springs alternating with coils of two different diameters, on the surface of the eccentric cam the smaller part of the mandrel is made open loop protrusion, and the device is equipped with a means for holding the wound spring coils, made in the form of an annular stop with and a means for breeding coils of the spring consisting of a hingedly mounted on the frame with the ability to move the drive frame mounted on the frame parallel to the mandrel of the drive running screw placed on the screw of the nut, and mounted on a nut for rotation of a pressure roller with a wedge-shaped working surface. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the rotational speed of the lead screw is determined from the ratio Etc Siip hy where S |, is the pitch of the coiled spring;  - hv spindle lead, mm / rev; coefficient determined yu; iy mode of operation of the pressure roller when diluting the coils of the spring. 45 50 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive for moving the frame is made in the form of a screw-nut pair, hinged to the frame and frame. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure roller is mounted movably on an axis in the bracket of the supply unit for the material being wound. 20 22 21 one 23 at 15/3 Fiel FiaZ t Yu FIG. 6