SU1265747A1

SU1265747A1 - Voltage stabilizer with protection

Info

Publication number: SU1265747A1
Application number: SU853884353A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Николай Николаевич Михальниченко; Анатолий Борисович Докторович
Original assignee: Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро "Модуль" Винницкого Политехнического Института
Priority date: 1985-04-15
Filing date: 1985-04-15
Publication date: 1986-10-23

Abstract

Изобретение относитс к электротехнике и может быть использовано в источниках питани радиоэлектронной аппаратуры. Цель - повышение надежности стабилизатора. Цель достигаетс за счет исключени перегрузки базовой цепи транзистора 3 узла защиты током зар да конденсатора 8. При повышении входного напр жени стабилизатора стабилитрон 5 пробиваетс , открыва цепь дл протекани базового тока транзистора 3, который включаетс и закрывает транзистор 13, конденсатор 8 начинает дозар жатьс до напр жени пробо дииистора 7. Транзистор 12 открываетс током разр да конденсатора 8 на врем , достаточное дл установлени номинального значени выходного напр жени стабилизатора, и вызывает закрывание транзистора 3 и i открывание транзистора 13. Далее динистор 7 выключаетс , вызыва за (Л крывание транзистора 12. Если в этот момент возникает перегрузка, то стабилизатор выключают. 1 ил.The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in power supplies of electronic equipment. The goal is to increase the reliability of the stabilizer. The goal is achieved by eliminating the overload of the base circuit of the transistor 3 of the protection node with the charge current of the capacitor 8. As the input voltage of the stabilizer rises, Zener diode 5 punches, opening the circuit to flow the base current of the transistor 3, which turns on and closes the transistor 13, the capacitor 8 begins to recharge. the voltage of the probing diode 7. The transistor 12 is opened by the discharge current of the capacitor 8 for a time sufficient to establish the nominal value of the output voltage of the stabilizer, and causes it to be closed The transistor 3 and i open the transistor 13. Next, the dynistor 7 is turned off, causing (L the opening of the transistor 12. If an overload occurs at this moment, then the stabilizer is turned off. 1 Il.

Description

Изобретение относится к электротехнике и может быть использовано в источниках питания радиоэлектронной аппаратуры.The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in power supplies of electronic equipment.

Целью изобретения является повышение надежности стабилизатора.The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the stabilizer.

На чертеже представлена принципиальная схема стабилизатора напряжения с защитой.The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a voltage regulator with protection.

Стабилизатор содержит датчик 1 тока (резистор), резистор 2, транзистор 3 защиты, разделительный диод 4, стабилитрон 5 и резистор 6, которые образуют узел защиты, а также динистор 7, конденсатор 8 и резисторы 9-11, образующие генератор импульсов, согласующий транзистор 12, регулирующий транзистор 13, усилитель 14 обратной связи и его нагрузочный резистор 15, положительные входной 16 и выходной 17 выводы стабилизатора и отрицательные входной 18 и выходной 19 выводы стабилизатора. Стабилитрон 5 и резистор 6 образуют датчик перенапряжений регулирующего транзистора 13.The stabilizer contains a current sensor 1 (resistor), a resistor 2, a protection transistor 3, an isolation diode 4, a zener diode 5 and a resistor 6, which form a protection unit, as well as a dinistor 7, a capacitor 8 and resistors 9-11, forming a pulse generator, a matching transistor 12, the regulating transistor 13, the feedback amplifier 14 and its load resistor 15, the stabilizer positive input 16 and output 17 and the stabilizer input 18 and output 19 negative. The zener diode 5 and resistor 6 form an overvoltage sensor for the regulating transistor 13.

Датчик 1 включен последовательно с транзистором 13 между выводами 16 и 17. стабилизатора и подключен первым выводом к эмиттеру транзистора 3, а вторым выводом через резистор 2 - к базе транзистора 3 и к катоду диода 4. Анод диода 4 через резистор 6 подключен к аноду стабилитрона 5, катод которого соединен с выводом 16 и резистором 15. Коллектор транзистора 3 подключен к выходу усилителя 14, к базе транзистора 13 и второму выводу резистора 15. К выводу 17 подключены вход усилителя 14, эмиттер транзистора 12, резистор 9 и конденсатор 8. Второй вывод конденсатора 8 через резистор 10 подключен к выводу 16, через резистор 11 - к аноду динистора 7, катод которого соединен с вторым выводом резистора 9 и с базой транзистора 12, коллектор которого подключен к аноду диода 4.The sensor 1 is connected in series with the transistor 13 between the terminals 16 and 17. of the stabilizer and is connected by the first terminal to the emitter of the transistor 3, and the second terminal through the resistor 2 to the base of the transistor 3 and to the cathode of the diode 4. The anode of the diode 4 through the resistor 6 is connected to the anode of the zener diode 5, the cathode of which is connected to terminal 16 and resistor 15. The collector of transistor 3 is connected to the output of amplifier 14, to the base of transistor 13 and to the second output of resistor 15. To input 17 is connected to the input of amplifier 14, emitter of transistor 12, resistor 9, and capacitor 8. Second capacitor terminal 8 through a resistor 10 is connected to terminal 16, through a resistor 11 to the anode of the dinistor 7, the cathode of which is connected to the second terminal of the resistor 9 and to the base of the transistor 12, the collector of which is connected to the anode of the diode 4.

Устройство защиты работает следующим образом.The protection device operates as follows.

В номинальном режиме работы стабилизатора конденсатор 8 заряжен до напряжения, примерно равного напряжению на регулирующем транзисторе 13, а напряжение на датчике 1 не может открыть транзистор 3. Стабилитрон 5 и динистор 7 обесточены, а транзисторы 3 и 12 закрыты. При повышенииIn the nominal mode of operation of the stabilizer, the capacitor 8 is charged to a voltage approximately equal to the voltage at the regulating transistor 13, and the voltage at the sensor 1 cannot open the transistor 3. The zener diode 5 and the dinistor 7 are de-energized, and the transistors 3 and 12 are closed. With increase

1265747 ² входного напряжения стабилизатора стабилитрон 5 пробивается, открывая цепь для протекания базового тока транзистора 3. Последний включается 5 и закрывается транзистор 13. В результате выходное напряжение стабилизатора уменьшается до нуля, а конденсатор 8 начинает дозаряжаться. Напряжение на нем возрастает до мо10 мента, когда происходит пробой ди-, нистора 7, в результате чего транзистор 12 открывается током разряда конденсатора 8, вызывая закрывание транзистора 3 и открывание транзис15 тора 13 (разблокировку аварийного отключившегося стабилизатора или автоматический повторный запуск стабилизатора) . Амплитуда пускового тока стабилизатора ограничивается то2° ковой защитой на расчетном уровне, так как диод 4 обеспечивает возможность включения транзистора 3 током, протекающим через резистор 2 при увеличении падения напряжения на ²⁵ датчике 1 даже при открытом транt зисторе 12. Последний открыт в течение времени, достаточного для установления номинального значения выходного напряжения стабилизатора.1265747 ^{2 of the} input voltage of the stabilizer, the zener diode 5 breaks through, opening the circuit for the base current of the transistor 3. The latter turns on 5 and the transistor 13 closes. As a result, the output voltage of the stabilizer decreases to zero, and the capacitor 8 starts to recharge. The voltage across it rises to a moment when a breakdown of the diode 7 occurs, as a result of which the transistor 12 is opened by the discharge current of the capacitor 8, causing the transistor 3 to close and the transformer 13 to open (unlocking the emergency off stabilizer or automatically restarting the stabilizer). The amplitude of the starting current of the stabilizer is limited by current protection at the calculated level, since diode 4 makes it possible to turn on transistor 3 by the current flowing through resistor 2 when the voltage drop across ²⁵ sensor 1 increases, even when transistor 12 is open. The latter is open for a sufficient time to establish the nominal value of the output voltage of the stabilizer.

³⁰ Далее динистор 7 выключается (за счет уменьшения анодного тока), вызывая закрывание транзистора 12. Если в этот момент отсутствуют перенапряжение и перегрузка, то защита не 35 срабатывает. Если возникает перегрузка, которая вызывает такое понижение выходного напряжения стабилизатора, при котором пробивается стабилитрон 5 и открывается транзистор ⁴θ 13, то это приводит к очередному выключению стабилизатора. Далее повторяется описанный процесс автоматического запуска стабилизатора. Если после окончания автоматического за45 пуска имеет место перенапряжение или перегрузка, то циклы автоматического отключения и автоматического запуска стабилизатора повторяются до устранения причины, вызывающей срабатывание защиты. ³⁰ Next, the dynistor 7 turns off (due to a decrease in the anode current), causing the transistor 12 to close. If at this moment there is no overvoltage and overload, then the protection does not work 35. If an overload occurs that causes such a decrease in the output voltage of the stabilizer, at which the zener diode 5 breaks through and the transistor ⁴ θ 13 opens, then this leads to the next shutdown of the stabilizer. Next, the described process for automatically starting the stabilizer is repeated. If overvoltage or overload occurs after the end of the automatic start, the cycles of automatic shutdown and automatic start of the stabilizer are repeated until the cause of the protection is eliminated.

Напряжение переключения дннистора 7 выбирается равным расчетному значению напряжения на регулирующем транзисторе 13.The switching voltage of the Dnistor 7 is selected equal to the calculated value of the voltage at the control transistor 13.

Резистор 11 выбирается по условиям обеспечения необходимого тока включения транзистора 12 и выключения динистора 7.The resistor 11 is selected according to the conditions for providing the necessary current to turn on the transistor 12 and turn off the dinistor 7.

Конденсатор 8 выбирается по уело-. вию обеспечения требуемой длительности включения транзистора 12, а резистор 10 - по условию обеспечения расчетной задержки начала автоматической разблокировки аварийно отклюлившегося стабилизатора.Capacitor 8 is selected by yel-. to ensure the required duration of the transistor 12, and the resistor 10 - under the condition of providing a calculated delay for the start of automatic unlocking of the emergency disconnected stabilizer.

Установленная мощность регулирующего транзистора 13 стабилизатора рассчитывается с учетом возможной работы в режиме перегрузок и перенапряжений.The installed power of the regulating transistor 13 of the stabilizer is calculated taking into account the possible operation in the overload and overvoltage mode.

Применение предлагаемого стабилизатора напряжения с защитой позволит повысить его надежность за счет исключения перегрузки базовой цепи транзистора узла защиты током заряда конденсатора.The use of the proposed voltage stabilizer with protection will increase its reliability by eliminating the overload of the base circuit of the transistor of the protection unit by the capacitor charge current.

Claims

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in power supplies of electronic equipment. The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of the stabilizer. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a voltage regulator with protection. The stabilizer contains a sensor 1 current (resistor), resistor 2, protection transistor 3, separation diode 4, zener diode 5 and resistor 6, which form a protection node, as well as distor 7, capacitor 8 and resistors 9-11, forming a pulse generator, matching a transistor 12 regulating a transistor 13, a feedback device 14 and its load resistor 15, a positive input 16 and an output 17 stabilizer terminals and a negative input 18 and output 19 stabilizer terminals. Zener diode 5 and resistor 6 form an overvoltage sensor of control transistor 13. Sensor 1 is connected in series with transistor 13 between pins 16 and 17 of the stabilizer and connected first to the emitter of transistor 3, and to the base of transistor 3 and to the diode cathode 4. Anode of diode 4 through resistor 6 is connected to the anode of Zener diode 5, the cathode of which is connected to terminal 16 and resistor 15. The collector of transistor 3. is connected to the output of amplifier 14, to the base of transistor 13 and to the second terminal of resistor 15. To output 17 are connected at The body 14, the emitter of the transistor 12, the resistor 9 and the capacitor 8 The second output of the capacitor 8 through the resistor 10 is connected to the output 16, through a resistor 11 to the anode of the dynistor 7, the cathode of which is connected to the second output of the resistor 9 and to the base of the transistor 12, the collector of which connected to the anode of diode 4. The protection device operates as follows. In the nominal operation mode of the stabilizer, the capacitor B is charged to a voltage approximately equal to the voltage across the control transistor 13, and the voltage on the sensor 1 cannot open the transistor 3, the Zener diode 5 and the transistor 7 are de-energized, and the transistors 3 and 12 are closed. With increasing 7 of the voltage supply of the stabilizer, the tabitron 5 is punctured, opening the circuit for the base current of the ranzistor 3. The latter turns on and closes the transistor 13. As a result, the output voltage of the stabilizer decreases to zero and the capacitor 8 begins to recharge. The voltage on it rises to the moment when the breakdown of di- occurs. Nistor 7, as a result of which transistor 12 is opened by the discharge current of capacitor 8, causing the transistor 3 to close and the transistor 13 to open (unlock the emergency disconnecting stabilizer or automatically restart the stabilizer). The amplitude of the starting current of the stabilizer is limited by the KEY protection at the calculated level, since diode 4 enables the transistor 3 to be turned on by the current flowing through the resistor 2 with an increase in the voltage drop across the sensor 1 even when the transistor 12 is open. the value of the output voltage of the stabilizer. Further, the dynistor 7 is turned off (by reducing the anode current), causing the transistor 12 to close. If at this moment there is no overvoltage and overload, the protection does not work. If an overload occurs, which causes such a decrease in the output voltage of the stabilizer, at which the zener diode 5 is punched and transistor 13 is opened, this leads to the next shutdown of the stabilizer. Next, the described process of automatic start of the stabilizer is repeated. If, after the end of the automatic start, an overvoltage or an overload occurs, the cycles of the automatic shutdown and automatic start of the stabilizer are repeated until the cause of the protection is removed. The switching voltage of the dynistor 7 is chosen to be equal to the calculated value of the voltage on the control transistor 13. The resistor 11 is selected according to the conditions for providing the required turn-on current of transistor 12 and turning off the distor 7. The capacitor 8 is selected by the condition of providing the required turn-on time for transistor 12 and resistor 10 - according to the condition of ensuring the calculated delay of the start of the automatic unblocking of the emergency disconnecting stabilizer. The installed power of the regulator transistor 13 of the stabilizer is calculated taking into account possible operation B of the overload mode and the overvoltage. The application of the proposed voltage stabilizer with protection will increase its reliability by eliminating the overload of the base circuit of the transistor of the protection node with the charge current of the capacitor. Claims A protective voltage regulator comprising a control transistor whose collector is connected to an input terminal, a feedback amplifier and a protection unit consisting of a protective transistor, a current sensor diode, a zener diode and resistors, the current sensor being connected to one end emitter of the regulating transistor and to one of the terminals of the first resistor, the other terminal of which is connected to the base 474 of the protective transistor, the emitter of which is connected to another terminal of the current sensor and the output terminal, and the collector the protective transistor is connected to the base of the regulating transistor and through the second resistor to the input terminal and the cathode to the stabilizer terminal of the third resistor, the other terminal of which is connected to the anode of the diode, the cathode of which is connected to the base of the protective transistor, in order to increase reliability, A harmonic transistor and a pulse generator consisting of a dynistor, a capacitor, and three resistors are entered into it, the collector of the matching transistor being connected to the anode of the diode of the protection unit, its emitter is connected to one of the The first resistor of the pulse generator, the capacitor and the output terminal is the second terminal of the specified resistor connected to the base of the matching transistor and the cathode of the dynistor, the anode of which is connected to one terminal of the second resistor of the pulse generator, the other terminal of which is connected to the other terminal of the third resistor pulse generator, the other output of which is connected to the input output,