SU1247410A1 - Coolant for diamond burnishing of steels - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to lubricants and lubricating-cooling liquid tanks (LCL), and can be used in the finishing and strengthening treatment of the surfaces of steel parts with diamond alloy,

The purpose of the invention is new surface quality and processing performance 6

The proposed composition of the coolant allows you to precipitate a copper-containing coating using contact exchange process (displacement of metal ions from a solution of the base metal), which

carried out without external sources of 15 anti-wear properties, current by simply applying electrolyte Stearic acid ta.kzhe also increases

(Coolant) to treat you

The components included in the composition are effective lubricating and dispersing and cooling agents, and used as

The coolant psiCTBOp of these substances reduces surface energy and facilitates plastic deformation of the metal being treated .; promotes the removal of the oxide film and the desorption of organic compounds. The effect of the deforming of the structure and the electrolyte on the surface to be treated is maximal; they combine in time and localize in space. the instrument and the workpiece; 5 they are protected from direct contact3; to have MSSH specific sonar activity; to maximally absorb the heat of the chaff, the limb heating the interacting surfaces with only permissible temperatures; increasing the vibration resistance of the tool? Separating anti-friction plop also prevents graphitization and diamond dissolution in the processed material 5 on the working surface of the smoother, which at relatively low temperatures, E, friction conditions and catalysts, and catalysts, ,

Acetic acid provides a more rapid dissolution of the oxide film, which leads to the activation of the metal surface and accelerates the deposition of the copper coating. Kro;

buffer properties of the solution, which ensures sufficient activity of detail, contributes to

20 zhaniyu colloidal graphite in the area of contact d, which generates the tool with the surface being treated. The graphite colloidal particles fall out. metal surface

5 creeping in the pores of the coating deposited from the solution, they enter the deformation zone, where, under the action of high pressures and temperatures, modified friction-resistant layers are formed. Possessing a hollow; an ideal m 3 l ecting surface with a skimmer; and, alomi, in s, in a solution, particles of graphite also play the role of centers of crystallization and shape of the composite metal.

35, 7; ographic coating,

Sodium pyrophosphate-acid exhibits c-complex-forming properties in terms of copper ions, which contributes to the quality of the precipitating 19 g axis; the containing coating. g {nrophosphoric acid sodium prs vd-all. properties of corrosion inhibitor in relation to steel „

In order to increase the speed of contact exchange and more intense precipitation; - | envid cedi, chlorine tin was introduced into the coolant, and it plays the role of a mediator and is involved in the electrochemical process, Glyceri: it acts as a solvent - O body of all components.

The process of contact precipitation med l. The use of glycerol zolkolite involves three stages from KOTOpsjx, characterized by its delay) –1m factor. Initially, the cathode reaction proceeds with diffusion; and anode with mixed diffusion electro-:; imicheskim control, on sred2

MB of this, the introduction of acetic acid increases the cathodic polarization of copper release during contact exchange, which leads to the sedimentation of a denser and less porous coating, This action of acetic acid with its complexing ability with respect to ions, chi "

Stearic acid contributes to the formation of contacting surfaces (deformed tool and metal to be treated) of solid-shaped organic films of the oblabufer, the properties of the solution, which ensures sufficient activity of detailing, contributes to the retention of colloidal graphite in the zone of contact e processed surface Colloidal particles of graphite, lunge on. metal surface

sliding back into the pores of the coating deposited from the solution, they enter the deformation zone, where, under the action of high pressures and temperatures, modified anti-friction layers are formed. Possessing a hollow, an ideal m 3 l ecting surface with a hint, and altogether, in a solution of graphite particles in solution, also play the role of centers of crystallization and the formation of a composite metal, 7; ,

Sodium pyrophosphate acid exhibits c-complex-forming properties according to copper to copper ions, which contributes to the quality of the precipitating axis; d-containing coating. g {nrophosphoric acid sodium prs vd-all. properties of corrosion inhibitor in relation to steel „

There is an increase in the rate of contact exchange and a more intense precipitation; - | envid cedi. Tin chloride is introduced into the coolant, it plays the role of a mediator and is involved in the electrochemical process, Glyceri: it performs the role of solvents of all components.

The process of contact deposition of copper. The use of glycerol zlohrolit involves three stages: KOTOpsjx is characterized by its decisive) -1m factor. Initially, the cathode flow proceeds with diffusion; and a node with a mixed diffusion of electros:; by chemical control. At the middle stage, the anodic reaction begins to be limited by diffusion, and the cathode reaction proceeds with a mixed control. At the final stage of the process, the anodic reaction continues under diffusion constraints, and the cathode already has electrochemical control. The first stage of the process has a character with a high porosity of sediment, through which the diffusion of copper and tin ions continues to the steel base, which contributes to the continuation of the process. ss. Since the deposition of the copper coating occurs due to the dissolution of the steel base under the already deposited coating, then with a small contact surface of the precipitate with the substrate, it can be peeled off. In this case, already after 20–60 s from the beginning of the process, the deposition rate of the coating changes, the contact exchange proceeds already in the pores due to the dissolution of the iron atoms under the coating. In view of this, the contact area of the sediment with the substrate is reduced, i.e. the adherence of the coating to the substrate is reduced. Therefore, to obtain a high-quality copper coating, it is necessary to reduce the porosity of the coating, transferring the process (faster to the second or even to the Third stage. When the electrolyte is exposed to the surface less than 20 seconds, the copper-containing film does not have time to settle over the entire surface and the areas remain uncoated. more than 60 seconds, the coating can peel off due to dissolution of sufficiently large areas of the substrate in the pores under the coating.

The proposed composition is effective not only as a coolant at the time of the diamond heatsink steel parts. This composition, left on the treated surface as a boundary lubricant during the running-in process, ensures that the effects of micro-asperities and electrolyte on the rubbing surfaces are also minimally combined from the time and localized in the space.

The presence of copper chloride in the electrolyte (coolant-cutting fluid) contributes to the process of contact exchange, which leads to smoothing of the peaked protrusions of the surface microrelief while copper is deposited almost at its points. This increases the contact area of the friction pairs. Copper deposition reduces the coefficient of friction. All this contributes to the increase in wear resistance of friction pairs.

The concentration in the copper chloride solution should be sufficient for the formation of 5–5 both on the initial surface and on the smooth protrusions of the protective film of copper with a thickness of 1-2 µm, i.e. be at least 4 wt.% (hereinafter everywhere wt.%). When a salt concentration of 10 wt.% Is reached, the solution becomes saturated under normal conditions, the dissolution of copper chloride in it stops. The upper limit of the concentration of tin chloride (5%) is related to its solubility, 5 and if this salt is less than 0.5%, the cooling rate of the copper-containing coating is insufficient. Acetic acid, which is part of the coolant, should ensure, without prior mechanical action, the activation of the steel surface and the deposition of thin copper films (up to 2 microns thick) on it. An increase in the concentration of 5 in the acetic acid solution above 10% does not increase the rate of copper deposition, since there is no increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions during its dissociation. The content in the solution of acetic acid solution is less than 2%.

leads to a decrease in copper deposition rate. To perform these functions, the coolant coolant of stearic acid must be at least 0.1%. The upper limit of the content (0.4%) is associated with its low solubility; An excess of undissolved stearic acid is also a positive quality for an electrolyte that plays the role of a coolant, since this acid is able to additionally absorb frictional heat due to its melting. Upper limit , . Concentrations of pyrophosphoric sodium (5%) are determined by the solubility limit of this salt, and the lower (1%) complexing and inhibitory properties. A content of less than 1% in a solution of colloidal graphite does not provide an effective manifestation of its electrolyte-positive properties, and a content of graphite particles in a solution of more than 10% dramatically impairs adhesion of the coating to the substrate, and also makes the coating loose and not resistant to mechanical impact.

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deforming tool.

The proposed composition is prepared as follows.

The required amount of copper and tin chlorides is dissolved in glycerol heated to C, then the calculated amount of stearic and acetic acids of pyrophosphoric sodium and colloidal graphite is introduced with stirring. , SOL (immediately ready for use.

For the preparation of the coolant used: chlorine copper (CuCI H and copper chloride (CuCl) h (the results from the use of these substances are close to one another, but when using CuCl, the solution becomes saturated when the concentration is reached

salt

tin chloride

(SnCl,)

, ji-j ik.j jj jc ij.j, ../JJc. k.- J. iv--. i-i; about

h; acetic acid h; stearic acid h; sodium pyrophosphate-acid (OH., 0) p.a. colloid graphite; glycerin ch.d, and „

The following ingredients were prepared: coolant (Table 1),

Under laboratory conditions, the proposed coolant was performed, with diamond vibrating glazing with a synthetic diamond tip ASPK-3 with a radius of 3.5 mm outer cylindrical surface of 40 mm diameter rollers from normalized steel 45. Coolant was applied by partial immersion rotating sample in an electrolyte bath. Do not take out the sample from the bath, it was vibrated,

Vibrating mode: workpiece rotation speed of 12.5 rpm; feed 0.25 mm / rev; number and amplitude of oscillation of tip 140b dv. ./min and 1.0 mm; force 196 N,

Vibro-vyluchivaniyu tyluchali on the treated surface regular micro-relief; the protrusions of which form a grid with quadrangular cells. After 20 hours of testing, the volume W of the worn-out part of the emitter was determined and the roughness Ra

with,

10 tS

20

5 oh ,,

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microtube H and linear wear of the machined surface.

Microhardness Id, measured in accordance with GOST 9450-76 on an instrument with an indenter load of 0.981 N, a restraint time of 5 s. The roughness parameter and the linear surface wear were found using a profilometer - profilograph,

Compounds 1-13 coolant tested in comparison with the prototype - composition 14, Used the following composition of the coolant of the prototype; May %; copper chloride (CuCl) 6; colloidal graphite 7.5; acetamide 10; urea 1., 0; stearic acid 1.0; water 10 and glycerin else.

In order to investigate the antifriction properties of the considered coolants, the rollers treated with an apmase tip were worn in a slip mode on the MI-lM friction machine. The samples (rollers) were placed in the same tray with the same electrolyte as in the case of vibration.

Sharp wear: pressure 9.8 Sha speed O ,, 43 m / s; duration 20 h “The end of the period of running-in is defined (; or, on stabilization of temperature in the zone of frictional contact. The test results are given in Table 2,

From the obtained results, it can be seen that the coolant according to the invention provides high processing performance, greater durability of diamond smoothers and better quality characteristics of the treated surface. Preliminarily, the lubricant cooling agent for diamond smoothing of STESHES makes it possible to increase the durability of the tool, almost twice, with an improvement in the quality of the surface being treated. The data also show; that the pairs of friction, made up of oellas5 PE) and the wearing of which was used as a lubricant for the owner. (This coolant has high friction characteristics.

Table

Table

Compiled E, Ponomareva Editor M. Kelemesh Tehred V. Kadar Proofreader G., Reshetnik

Order 4080/26 Circulation 482. Subscription

. VNIIZh USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, 4/5, Raushsk nab.

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (1)

LUBRICANT-COOLING LIQUID FOR DIAMOND COOLING OF STEELS, containing glycerin, stearic acid, copper chloride and colloidal graphite, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the surface and processing performance, the liquid additionally contains acetic acid and pyrophoride -acid sodium in the following ratio, wt.%: Copper chloride 4-10 Tin chloride 0.5-5.0 Acetic acid 2-10 Stearic acid 0.1-0.4 Pyrophosphoric Acid sodium 1-5 Colloidal graphite 1-10 Glycerol Rest