SU1180100A1 - Method and apparatus for machining tubes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metal pipes and may be. used in engineering for processing the external surface of pipes in a liquid medium. five

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of waste processing.

FIG. 1 shows a device for processing pipes, a general view; in fig. 2 - section A-A in FIG. 1, position before cutting the plug; in fig. 3 - the same position before removing the plug; see 4 - contact switch; in fig. 5 - relative position of the plug and the cutting tool, the beginning of the incision; in fig. 6 - the same, intermediate position; in fig. -7 - the same, the final position; in fig. 8 - the same, when removing the plug; in fig. 9 is a section through 20 bb in fig. 6; in fig. 10 - section bb In Fig.7.

A device for implementing the method of manufacturing pipes consists of. serially connected between 25 a magnetostrictive transducer 1, equipped with an excitation winding 2, an ultrasonic hub 3; energy, made with the flange 4, the waveguide 5 and the cutting tool, including the sharpened rod 6, and the blades 7 in the form of right-angled triangles symmetrically located on the cylindrical surface of the rod along its axis. The blades 7 are arranged in such a way that in each

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one foundation (the large cathetus of the triangle) is connected with the cylindrical surface of the rod, the cutting surface (the hypotenuse of the triangle) is an extension forming a tapered portion (tapered top "NOSTA) rod _a non-working face (smaller cathetus of the triangle) is removed from the transition line of the tapered portion of ^one rod in cylindrical in the direction of the cylindrical end of the rod at a distance greater than half the length of the cylindrical part of the rod. The converter, the concentrator, the waveguide and the cutting tool are interconnected by means of threaded connections, which allows, in case of production need, to quickly mount and disassemble not only the cutting tool, but also the oscillating system. Converter 1 through its winding 2 excitation through a contact switch 8 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 9 and to ensure stability in operation, placed in a cylindrical cooled housing 10, equipped with fittings .11 and 12, respectively,

 for supplying and discharging chiller ’process water. The cooled body is rigidly connected to the flange 4 of the concentrator 3 and is installed inside the guide 13, made in the form of a glass rigidly fixed with the help of a stand 14 on the work table 15. The cooled body in

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cavity guide is installed with the ability to move along its axis and rotate around its axis.

On the side surface of the guide 13, in its lower part, willows 5

the stand 14 is made grooves 16 and 17 for installation on the outer surface of the cooled body 10, the Executive body of the rotation mechanism, representing 10

(FIG. 2) a gear pair consisting of a segment 18 and a rail 19. The segment 18 is rigidly fixed on the cooled body 10, and the rail 19 is mounted in the stand 14 with the possibility of reciprocating movement and connected, for example, by means of intermediate gears with a drive (not shown) of the rotating mechanism. that, for example e electric motor. 20

In the upper part of the guide 13, two radial grooves of the same size radius 20 are made to ensure the supply of coolant to the cavity formed by the cooling body 10 25

and flange 4 hub. At the end of the guide 13 is fixed a shock absorber consisting of a stepped cup 21 and a ring 22 made of porous rubber, which protects the end 30 of the pipe 23 from the possibility of deformation after the completion of cork cutting, 24. Pipe holder, i.e. the means of fixing it in the working position, is a rack 25 mounted on a working table and made with a cylindrical hole, into which replaceable guides 26 are installed, having an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the pipe unit and ensuring the alignment of the pipe axis with the axis of the ultrasonic oscillatory system, those. the axis of the cutting tool.

In close proximity to the '45 tube holder is a container 27 for collecting the remnants of the cut caps, installed in the cavity of the desktop. To ensure timely turns of the ultrasonic oscillatory system and, consequently, the cutting tool, the device is equipped with a control unit for the rotation mechanism consisting of a source mounted on a stand 14 28 55

light _? placed in a casing made with a cylindrical hole, the sensor 29 - selenium photodiode and

commands-30, issuing commands to drive the mechanism of rotation.

The control unit (shown in Fig. 1 with a conditional rotation of 90 ° from its true position) is located between the shock absorber ring 22 and the pipe holder guide 26. Moreover, it is installed in such a way that the waveguide 5 does not overlap the beam emanating from the light source. The distance between the tip of the pointed rod 6 and the plane in which the source 28 and the sensor 29 are installed must exceed the thickness of the plug being cut, because otherwise the oscillating system, more precisely the cutting tool, will rotate around its axis not after the end of the cut of the tube, in the process of cutting it, which will lead to its destruction.

Contact switch 8 (fig.Z), installed in the circuit of the generator - converter, is designed for obos-. the baking of the operative switching on (off) of the converter 1 at the moment corresponding to the contact of the tip of the pointed rod 6 6, i.e. cutting tool, with a stopper 24 (the end of its cutting). It is placed inside the guide 13 between its bottom and the bottom of the cooled body 10 and consists of contacts 31-34 connected to the excitation winding 2 of the transducer and the ultrasonic generator 9, 'and fixed in the bottom parts of the cooled body 10 and the guide 13 using insulators 35 and 36 a hollow ring 37 with a U-shaped cross section, a spring 38 installed in the cavity of the ring 37, and ^ a cylindrical protrusion 39, made in the bottom part of the guide 13. In this case, the contact 33 and the insulator 36 to provide on and off the converter in different positions vibrating system, i.e. at the location (its extreme points of rotation, made in the form of rings.

Before operating, the devices include an ultrasonic generator 9, a control unit for the mechanism, and the mechanism itself for turning the ultrasonic oscillatory system, and the actuator of the rotation mechanism, i.e., segment 18 and the rail 19, are set to their original position (edge 5

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2) the left position. When the control unit is turned on, a beam of light from the source 28 enters the photodiode 29. After that, water is supplied into the cavity formed by the housing 10 and the flange 4. Filling the specified cavity and cooling the surface of the transducer 1, water through the nozzle 12 exits the housing 10. After the completion of the preparatory operations, the cutting tool is positioned coaxially with the pipe axis and the working stroke of the reciprocating movement is introduced into the working area. To do this, the pipe 23, the end of which is sealed with a plastic stopper 24, made, for example, of organic glass, is inserted into the guide 26 and through a special mechanism or manually serves it in the direction of the cutting tool (the direction of the pipe feed is indicated by the arrows in the drawings).

If the plug 24 is in contact with the cutting tool, i.e. with the tip of the sharpened rod 6, the ultrasonic oscillatory system under the influence of the force applied to the pipe .23 begins to shift from the initial position in the direction along its axis. When this guide 13 remains stationary, and the cooled body 10 moves inside it. Under the influence of the force applied to the oscillatory system, in the contact switch 8, the ring 37 compresses the spring 38, as a result of which the pairs of contacts 31 and 34, 32 and 33 close (fig. 3) the electrical circuit of the generator-converter, i.e. Connect the excitation winding 2 of the transducer 1 to the ultrasonic generator 9. At this moment (the cooled body 10 has stopped) The alternating voltage of the resonant frequency begins to flow from the generator 9 to the excitation winding 2 of the transducer 1 and creates a magnetic flux in the latter. Under the action of magnetic forces, the transducer 1 begins to oscillate with an ultrasonic frequency, for example, at 19.5 kHz amplg. Hoods of which (10-12 microns) · increase to values of 16-18 microns by concentrator 3 of ultrasonic energy made of titanium .. From the concentrator, oscillations are transmitted

the waveguide 5, also made of titanium, and from it - a sharpened rod 6 with a blade 7 of the cutting tool and, therefore, a plastic stopper 24 in acoustic contact with the top of the cutting tool. By performing a pointed rod 6 with a resonant length, i.e. with a length equal to half the length of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave in its material, at its top there is an antinode of ultrasonic oscillations moving into it, and due to its sharpening, the amplitude of these oscillations increases and reaches values corresponding to 20-23 microns. Exposing a cart. the action of ultrasonic vibrations, the plastic tube absorbs their energy and, at the point of contact with the cutting tool, weakens, acquiring a viscoplastic state.

As a result, the top of the pointed rod 6 under the influence of a force constantly applied to the pipe 23 begins to penetrate into the plug 24 (FIG. 4). As the pipe 23 continues to be supplied, the processes of formation (FIG. 5) in the plug of the through hole 40 by the rod 6 and the execution of four through longitudinal slots therein begin cutting the working surfaces of the blades 7 (the cut part, the cork in the drawings is hatched) into four segment parts (Fig.6). Due to the location of the blades 7 on the cylindrical surface of the sharpened rod 6, the process of forming the through hole in the tube and the process of cutting it are carried out (FIG. 5) at the same time, but finish forward the formation of the hole, and then the slits. This is due to the fact that otherwise, or even with the simultaneous termination of the hole and the cuts, the remnants of the plug with the cutting tool will be inserted further into the tube cavity, as a result of which their removal with the help of the cutting tool will be impracticable.

A warning in completing the formation of the hole is ensured by the fact that the edge (the line of intersection of the hypotenuse of the triangle with its smaller leg) of the cutting surface of the blade, which completes the cuts in the cork, is shifted towards the cylinder7

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of the rod’s end from the transition line of its pointed part into a cylindrical distance equal to at least a quarter of the plug thickness. The specified amount of displacement of the edge of the blade due to the fact that with its smaller value may be the destruction of the tube on the part until such time as it will complete the implementation of the slots, which prevents the removal of residual tube from the cavity of the pipe using a cutting tool.

At the end. Cutting cork 24, i.e. at the moment of time, correspondingly. At the exit of the blades 7 (Fig. 7), the spring 38 expands sharply and moves the cooled body towards the flange 21. As a result, the contact pairs 31-34 and 32-33 come out of contact with each other. As a result, the electrical circuit of the generator-converter opens and the converter 1, and together with it, the oscillating system and, consequently, the cutting tool ceases to oscillate. At the same time, due to the difference in diameters of the formed hole 30 40 and waveguide 5, the upper residuals of the plug 24 fall to the lower ones, which in turn are displaced to the center and contact (figure 10) with each other. After turning off the transducer 35 pipe 23 a certain period of time · ;. nor continue to move in the same direction, as a result of which it blocks the light beam from the source 28.

This is fixed by the selenium photodiode 40 29, the signal from which is sent to the command device 30, the latter issues a command to the drive of the rotation mechanism, which translates the rail 19 from one extreme position (figure 2). in another 45 (Fig.9) extreme position. Moving in the groove 17 of the stand 14, the rail 19 with its serrated surface acts on the segment 18 and rotates it through an angle of 45 °. After the ₅ segment of the segment 18 is rigidly connected to the cooled body 1.0, and the latter is also rigidly connected to the flange 4 of the ultrasonic energy concentrator 3, the entire oscillating system 55 rotates (FIG. 9) by an angle of 45 ^σ , and the blades of the cutting tool Take a position (FIG. 10),

23 residues of the plug 24 that are most advantageous for removing from the tube cavity 23, i.e. their non-working ends are located against the ends of the cork residue facing the inside of the pipe (between the cuts made in the cork).

The angle of rotation of the oscillatory system in its optimal value,

10 equal to Л / п, where η is the number of blades of the cutting element, in reality, it can have a value by 10 - 15 ° different from the optimal one. This is due to the fact that here the 15 important is not the amount of rotation of the oscillatory system, i.e. cutting tools or pipes, and the presence of the turn itself, since without performing this turn, the non-working blades of the cutting tool, when removed from the pipe, can pass through longitudinal cuts made by them and leaving the remaining plugs in the pipe.

After the rotation of the oscillating system, the pipe 23 is started to be taken out of the guide 26 by the reverse stroke of the reciprocating movement, i.e. remove the working tool from the treatment area. At the same time, the remaining plugs 24 (FIG. 8) come into contact with a part of the surface of the cylindrical end of the pointed rod bis with non-working ends of the blades 7 and are pushed out by them, i.e. cutting tool out of the pipe. Having fallen out of the pipe, the remnants of the plug accumulate in the tank 27, which is periodically cleared of them. At that time, when the tube 23 is removed from the guide 26, the light beam from the source 28 again hits the photodiode 29, and the command device issues a command to drive the mechanism of rotation of the oscillating system, returning it to the initial position by means of the actuator (figure 2). However, this command is issued by the device command after a certain period of time sufficient to completely exit the cutting tool from the pipe cavity, i.e. from the work area. Then in the guide 26 set the second end of the pipe 23 and the process of removing the tube 24 is repeated. After the depressurization of the entire batch of pipes is completed, the ultrasonic generator, the control unit of the turning mechanism, the mechanism

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turn and stop the flow of coolant to the surface of the converter. When implementing the method, the oscillation frequency of the cutting tool should be in the range of 16-44 kHz, and the amplitude of oscillation should be 2-40 microns.

The frequency range of the method (16-44 kHz) is to a large extent limited by the fact that at present all ultrasonic equipment (generators, sources of vibrations) serially manufactured by the domestic industry is calculated

precisely on these frequencies. However, the use of low frequencies in the sound range, i.e., below 16 kHz, is impractical, since the noise level generated by technological installations 20 at these frequencies exceeds sanitary standards. The use of frequencies exceeding 44 kHz in the case of using a magnetostrictive transducer is also impractical, since the efficiency of the magnetostrictive transducer and the radiated power directly proportional to the duration of the cutting process. plugs drop significantly with increasing frequency-oscillations. Limiting the amplitude of oscillations of the cutting tool by an interval of ’

2-40 microns is due to the fact that with amplitudes of less than two microns not ₃₅ all types of plastic acquire a visco-plastic state or acquire it not to the extent that would ensure the necessary speed of formation of the hole in the tube and making cuts in its forming annular part, while at amplitudes above 40 microns, fatigue destruction of the tip of the pointed part of the cutting tool shaft becomes possible.

The proposed cutting tool is the most important part of the device for the implementation of the proposed method and therefore almost all of the dimensions of the pointed rod and the blades have certain limitations.

Those stem length should be equal to half the length of the $$ ultrasonic wave in its material. This is due to the need to create a resonant oscillatory system, as well as

so that with a large variety of cutting tools used (a variety of assortment of manufactured pipes) with different masses, have only one oscillatory system. In the case of manufacturing -. · A rod with a length different from that indicated, the resonant mode of operation of the oscillatory system is disturbed, and the productivity of the process, determined by the time for cutting the cork falls. Moreover, the decrease in the productivity of the process occurs in direct proportion to the value of the deviation of the length of the rod, both in one and in the other side of its optimal value.

In addition, it is most expedient to manufacture the cutting tool from materials having low values of the propagation speed of the sound wave in them (not exceeding 4 cm / s) and a heat conductivity coefficient equal to 0.25-0.9 cal / cm x с x degree. This will significantly reduce the actual length of the cutting tool, use the effect of absorption of energy of ultrasonic waves by the cutting element.

© For its intensive heating and thereby reduce the duration of the operation of cutting the tube. Material,., Meeting the specified requirements, are quite common and inexpensive copper and brass.

The sharpening length of the rod, causing the magnitude of the angle of its top, is 0.2-0.8 of its length and is selected on the basis of the conditions for creating the least resistance provided by the stopper to the cutting tool during the formation of a through hole in it. So, if a sharpening · of a rod of less than 0.2 of its length leads to the manufacture of a cutting tool with a large angle of its tip and, consequently, an increase in the duration of the process of cutting the cork, then when the sharpening of the rod is by an amount of more than 0.8 of its length, cylindrical • area of its surface has a pro-. the tension is not always sufficient, in particular in the manufacture of pipes of large diameters, for the manufacture of 'blades with an optimum angle at their top, i.e. with an angle that provides minimal resistance

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their cutting surface when making slots, i.e. when cutting cork.

If the restriction of the diameter of a pointed rod to a value of 0.1–0.5 of the diameter of the plug being cut is largely dictated by the need to ensure the minimum possible resistance exerted by the stopper to the cutting tool when forming a through hole in it, , 1-1.3 times the diameter of the radiating end of the waveguide is connected with the provision of the possibility of 15 free removal of cork residues from the tube cavity. The diameter of the rod must necessarily be larger than the diameter of the radiating end of the waveguide, since otherwise the waveguide increases (equality of the diameters mentioned is the only exception) the diameter of the hole already formed in the tube, which is absolutely not necessary. In addition to -25, there is no gap between the cork residues, the tube and the waveguide, which adversely affects the amount of effort that must be applied to the cork residues to remove them from the tube cavity, and the safety of the cutting tool blades, the thickness of which should be minimum possible. Implemented unproductive ^ 5

the consumption of ultrasonic oscillations, because the part of the surface of the radiating end of the waveguide operates on “air”. So, if the implementation of a sharpened rod with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the radiating end “of the waveguide by only 1.1 times, is already sufficient to eliminate the listed disadvantages, then exceeding more than 1.3 times seems impractical because it leads to an increase in resistance, provided by the stopper to the cutting tool.

The execution of a pointed rod with a diameter of less than 0.1 of the diameter of the cut tube complicates the manufacturing process of the cutting tool and, most importantly, may not provide him with the stock of mechanical strength necessary for continuous operation under conditions of superposition of alternating stresses,

those. ultrasonic vibrations, and its implementation with a diameter of more than 0.5 of the diameter of the cut tube, leads to a decrease in the performance of the process, due to the significant resistance to the cutting tool plug when forming a through hole in it.

Requirements ^- to the shape and size of the blades of the cutting tool are aimed at ensuring the lowest possible resistance of the tube when cutting it into pieces, i.e. when performing longitudinal through slots in it.

The most fully set condition is met by a blade made in the form of a right-angled triangle, the legs of which have different lengths, and their smaller angle does not exceed half the value of the apex angle of the pointed rod.

The height of the blade, measured relative to the cylindrical surface of the pointed rod, i.e.; the length of the smaller leg of the triangle is equal to half the difference between the diameters of the cut tube and the pointed rod. If the blade height is less than the specified one, the cork will not be cut completely, since the edge of the cutting surface of the blade will not be as close as possible to the inner surface of the pipe, and if it exceeds it, then the cutting tool will not enter the cavity of the pipe and, therefore, the cork will not be cut. Blades can be made as a single unit with a pointed rod or separately from it and fixed on it. In the latter case, the blades can be made of a material that is different in its properties from the pointed rod, i.e. from copper and brass, for example, from steel ZOHGSA, characterized by high wear resistance and minimal loss of acoustic energy.

Other examples of specific performance of the device, ensuring the implementation of the proposed method, should include the location of the Executive body of the rotation mechanism on the pipe holder, which may be appropriate in some cases, depending on the location

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equipment used cork cutting operation πρπΓ, as well as the use of a piezo-ceramic inverter, not a magnetically restrictive one, to create an oscillating system that will not only reduce its dimensions and eliminate the water cooling of the converter, but also expand the frequency range of the oscillatory operation in the direction of increasing system that will favorably

for the duration of the operation

In addition, the pointed rod _{5 of the} cutting tool can be equipped with only one blade in the shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle when it is positioned so that its tip πει 0 sting on the axis of the rod.

The use of the invention reduces waste when processing pipes.

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FIG. four

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Claims (2)

1. A method of processing pipes, including sealing the pipe ends, treating its outer surface in a liquid medium and depressurizing the pipe before finishing operations, carried out by removing plugs using a cutting tool device, characterized in that, in order to reduce waste during processing, depressurization of the tube in the tube cut through the central hole and cut it into pieces by making cuts in it directed from the central hole to periphery. zi „„ 1180100 Fig / 180100 2. A device for processing pipes containing an ultrasonic generator with a contact switch, a pipe holder and an ultrasonic oscillatory system consisting of a guide. in the form of a glass, an electromechanical transducer placed in a cooled housing installed in the guide cavity with the possibility of reciprocating movement along its axis, a concentrator of the ultrasonic energy of the waveguide and the cutting tool, which differs in that that it is equipped with a rotation mechanism that includes a control unit, an actuator and a test body, an ultra sound system and a pipe holder are coaxially located, and a contact switch is installed between the guide and the housing, which is rotatably mounted, with the actuator of the mechanism; The turning gear is made in the form of a gear pair, one of the elements of which is fixed on the cooled housing, and the other is connected to the drive. one