SU1153381A1 - Reversible thyratron motor - Google Patents

Abstract

REVERSIBLE VENTILATED ELECTRIC MOTOR containing a rotor, a stator with a core winding, sections of which are connected to the output of a half-wave semiconductor switch, made in the form of unipolar DC amplifiers according to the number of core sections; a core associated with a rotational speed adjuster, section phase EMF meters and a rotational speed adjuster, characterized in that in order to extend the speed control range In addition, the semiconductor switch is additionally equipped with correcting, for example, periodic links and adders for the number of core sections whose outputs are connected through the correction of the link to the inputs of the respective DC amplifiers, the first input of each adder of the core section EM, and the second input is connected to the corresponding DC output of the sine-cosine rotor position sensor.

Description

PF 09 00

The device relates to electrical engineering, namely, to electric motors of direct current with contactless switching, carried out by means of semiconductor devices, intended primarily for use in electric machines of control systems of various purposes with reversible momeite engines with stabilized rotational speed.

A reversible valve electric motor is known, comprising a stator with a core winding, a rotor with permanent magnets, a sine-cosine rotor position sensor and an electronic switch made in the form of linear amplifiers of direct current according to the number of core sections, which ensures a high smoothness of the rotor rotation. is the instability of the rotational speed when the load moment and the transfer coefficients of the nodes change due to the effect of temperature and other immobile factors .

Closest to the invention is a reversible valve electric motor comprising a rotor, a stator with a winding core, sections of which are connected to the output of a one-half-wave semiconductor switch, made in the form of unipolar DC amplifiers according to the number of core sections, phase ELS meters of sections connected through a block a low frequency and a block of changing the sign of feedback with the comparator, the second input of which is connected to the speed master and the output to the sine-cosine sensor pa outputs DC which are associated with the amplifier input d.c. ZNedostatok known engine valve comprises controlling a small range of velocity due to unstable operation in reverse at low rotational speeds.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the range of speed control.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a reversible valve motor containing a rotor, a stator with a winding core, the section of which; connected to, an output of a half-wave semiconductor switch, made in the form of unipolar DC amplifiers according to the number of core sections, a sine-cosine rotor position sensor, equipped with direct current outputs on the number of core sections, connected to the unit of rotational speed, meters of phase EMF sections and unit of rotational speed, the semiconductor switch is additionally equipped with corrective, for example, aperiodic units and adders according to the number of core sections whose outputs are connected via of the corrective units to the inputs of respective amplifiers d.c., the first input of each adder connected to the output section of the meter phase armature EMF, and a second input connected to the output d.c. sine-cosine rotor position sensor.

The presence of these distinctive features ensures the introduction of negative feedback on the rotational speed of the electric motor, the sign of which strictly corresponds to the direction of rotation of the rotor. This allows refusing the use of a block of changing the sign of the feedback and related elements that cause unstable operation at low speeds of rotation, and thereby obtain a positive effect in the form of an extension of the control range with a comparative simplification of the device. At the same time, the presence of a corrective element in the device prevents the occurrence of parasitic oscillations along the feedback circuit, which leads to an increase in the range of ICCOgap regulation.

FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the reversing valve motor; in fig. 2 part of the electrical circuit of the electric motor; in fig. 3 diagrams on the operation of the device.

The reversible valve electric motor is made on the basis of synchronized 55 NOIs of the machine, which contains a rotor

2 with permanent magnets and a stator with a winding core divided into sections 3-6. One output of each section 3 is connected to a common bus 7, and the second is connected to the outputs of a single-semiconductor switch 8, made in the form of unipolar amplifiers 9-12 of direct current according to the number of core sections, the rotor 2 is connected to a rotor sine-sinus-sinus sensor 13, complete, For example, in the form of a rotating transformer, the secondary windings 14 and 15 of which are connected via phase-sensitive rectifiers 16 and 17 and inverters 18 and 19 with direct 20 and 21 and inverse 22 and 23 outputs of the rotor position sensor 13. The motor also has tchik 24 meters and the speed of the phase voltage in the form of diodes 25-28, the negative electrodes of which are connected to the terminals of the armature sections 3-6. The direction of switching on the diodes 25-28 (Fig. 1) corresponds to the case of positive polarity (relative to common pin 7) of the voltages at the outputs of unipolar amplifiers 9-12. Additionally, the valve motor is equipped with adders 29-32 according to the number of core sections, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the amplifiers 9-12 of direct current through the correction links 3336. The first input of each adder 29 32 is connected respectively to the output of the phase emf meter (positive electrode of diodes 25-28) of the inverse section of the box. Thus, the first input of the adder 29, connected via corrective link 33 and the amplifier 9 with the core winding section 3, is connected to the diode 26 connected to section 4 of the inverse winding section 3 of the core. The first inputs of the remaining adders 30, 31 and 32 are connected in the same way. The second input of each adder 29, 30, 31 and 32 is connected to the corresponding output 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the rotor position sensor 13, the input of which (in this case, the primary winding 37 rotary transformer) is connected to the speed control unit 24. The adders 29, 30 and the correction unit 33, 34 can be implemented, for example, in operational amplifiers 38 and 39 (Fig. 2) included in the amplifiers 9 and 10 , moreover, the operational amplifier 39 also performs the role of an inverter 18. Operating The silicon 38 and 39 are made according to the scheme of summing amplifiers 814 with resistors 40 and 41 in the feedback circuit, while the inverting input of the operational amplifier 38 is connected to the common bus 7 via a resistor 42, and the non-inverting input is connected to the output of the phase-sensitive rectifier 16 through a resistor 43, with a diode 26 through a resistor 44, with a common bus 7 through a resistor 45. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 39 is connected to the output of the phase-sensitive rectifier 16 through a resistor-46, and the non-inverting input is connected to the diode 25 through a resistor 47 and about bus 7 via a resistor 48. The outputs of the operational amplifiers 38 and 39 are connected respectively to the terminals of the sections 3 and 4 of the winding of the core through transistors 49, 50 and 51, 52. Transistors 50 and 52 are connected to a positive polarity power source (). Resistors 53, 54 and 55, 56 are used to select the operating modes of transistors 49, 50 and 51, 52. Corrective links 33 and 34 can be executed, for example, in the form of an RC circuit with resistors 40 and 41 and capacitors 57 and 58 in the circuit x feedback of the operational amplifiers 38 and 39. In this case, the transfer function of the aperiodic corrective element is realized. If necessary, other elements that realize the transfer functions of a more complex form can be included in the feedback circuit of the operational amplifiers. The winding of the core of the synchronous machine 1 can be implemented not only two-section, but also 6, 8, etc. sectional with the withdrawal of a common point. However, in this case, the rotor position sensor 13 should have a number of outputs equal to the number of sections. For example, in the six-section winding of the core, a selsyn can be used as the rotor position sensor 13, three secondary windings of which are connected to the six sensor outputs via three phase-sensitive rectifiers and three inverters. Reversible valve motor works as follows. When applying the voltage U. AC from the setpoint 24 speeds (Fig. 1), the secondary windings 14 and 15 of the rotating transformer produce alternating current voltages, which are equal to tJ, KU Sihm4, 1J ° - i where Ka is the transformation ratio H angle the rotor 2 of the electric motor 1; m is the number of pairs of poles of the electric motor and the gearbox of the transformer. Passing through phase-sensitive heaters 16 and 17, as well as inverters 18 and 19, these voltages form the direct 20, 21 and inverse 22, 23 outputs of the sensor 13 g of the voltage rotor (Fig. 4o (, c): and - k 2nd fc of 21 p-k kPh, 23 -% jCosv, 4, where f is the transfer coefficient of the phase-sensitive rectifier 16 (17). Amplifiers 9, W, 11 and 12 dc (Fig. 1 ) Are unipolar non-inverting amplifiers, therefore, at their outputs into the working semi-periper, a positive polarity appears with a positive voltage at their outputs. During the non-operating half-period, the amplifiers 9-12 are closed and the voltage at their outputs is determined only by the emf of rotation of a synchronous motor 1 having a negative polarity. 1) changed according to the sine law, and in sections 5 and 6 - the cosine of the rotation angle of the rotor 2, which is reached by the initial exhibition of the rotor position sensor 13. In this case, the emf of rotation of the negative polarity, the passage through the diodes 25 and 26, is converted into voltages (Fig. 3c, a): -, yy Kg uisi jr t u sinm4. at -Kj ws titnV, at 0 gh1 / GT

prm j,

W.CplP

(9) 1 is the angular frequency of rotation of the rotor 2; - proportionality factor, depending on the design of the synchronous motor 1. On adders 29 and 30 (Fig. 1), these voltages are added to the voltages Ujo and 1) 22 (2) to form the signals (Figs. 4e, f) : and to fu-u, (C) 29 2i4K, K, k sinm. pr “, 2. O fri0.p, F SO ti“ is /. , p „J.wfiiT, where () is the transfer coefficient of the adder. Since for amplifiers 9-12, the half-time corresponds to the positive polarity of the input voltage, then at the outputs of the amplifiers 9 and 10, working half-periods form voltages, W | (p) cr 5itim /, W (p) s / s; nmt /, at, de W | (p) is the transfer function of the corrective link 33 (34); KV, is the gain of the amplifiers 9 (10). These voltages are shown in Fig. 3a, ii by a solid line, and the dashed dc rotation of the synchronous electric motor 1 forming on pins 3 and 4 during non-working half-periods. Since sections 3 and 4 are included stretchno, their resultant magneto-motive force with regard to (8) is (Fig. C CT VKP de parameter defined by the design of a synchronous motor 1. The threshold in the operating frequency band can be considered kc / siH mV. ( 10) / ct V,. In a similar way, the resultant magnetomotive power of sections 5 and 6 of the stator winding is formed, controlled by the cosine secondary winding 15 of the rotating transformer cHGW5t 1 (11 According to the principle of synchronous motor 1 magneto-motive forces (10) and (11 ) form in boring In the stator, a circular rotating magnetic field that creates the torque of the electric motor, which drives the rotor 2 to rotate at a speed proportional to the amplitude of the magnetomotive forces (10) and (11 A (), where .KO is the coefficient determined by the design parameters of the electric motor 1 , CHA. Finding from the last equation uj we get; 6t, A; Choosing in the operating frequency band a sufficiently large gain of a closed loop so that it is true:, (n) we find from (13) -R7. ("I, Thus, the device maintains the speed of rotation of the engine in proportion to the voltage setpoint speed at any values of its amplitude and sign (phase). Corrective links 40 and 41 are designed to suppress parasitic oscillations at the outputs of amplifiers 9 and 10, which may arise due to the mutual inductance of sections 3 and 4 of the winding box. Indeed, since the feedback from section 4 to the input of amplifier 9 is negative, and section 4 is switched on opposite to section 3, the mutual induction connection between sections leads to positive feedback from the output of amplifier 9 to its input. Similar communication exists in all other amplifiers 10, 11 and 12. The transfer function of the open loop positive feedback is of the form r, oc (P) -4S% (P) Wjp), U4 de (p) is the transfer function of the mutual inductive coupling of the motor winding sections. A mutual inductive relationship can be represented by a direct current differentiating vein de-constant of the time of the mutual inductive communication; T is electromagnetic time constant. tel. Taking into account (16), we obtain PW.CP) (p) a trt) The condition for the absence of auto-oscillations with positive feedback is the inequality pw (p) Cp) which allows us to choose the parameters of the corrective link. In particular, for small electromagnetic time constants (which is typical, for example, for torque synchronous electric motors), we assume T | - Oh and having received a corrective link in the form of an aperiodic link ((P1 we obtain from (19) (,) 4l Neglect of the unit under the root (i.e., increasing inequality), we find the required constant of the corrective link time) However, an excessive increase in the constant time T This is undesirable because it can lead to a violation of the condition (9). At the same time, at high speeds, the current of the valve motor core noticeably increases and its torque decreases, as a shift occurs between the magnetically moving forces of the stator and the rotor. practical It is desirable to reduce the KjK-y and Y factors in negative systems. Negative feedback in speed in this electric motor operates only at the value of the phase emf of rotation, which exceeds the threshold voltage of diodes 25-28. The positive effect of using this reversing valve electric motor lies in increasing the range speed control in the direction of low speeds of rotation. If in a previously known device at low speeds of rotation it is possible that operation is unstable (breakdown of rotation) due to the presence of Since the device voltage of the setpoint voltage, in this device such uncertainty of the feedback sign is impossible at any rotational speed, since the feedback signal is the phase EMF of rotation, the sign of which strictly corresponds to the direction of rotation of the rotor of the electric motor. In addition, this device is simpler because it has fewer elements.

U20, U21

Claims (1)

REVERSIBLE VENTILY MOTOR, containing a rotor, a stator with an armature winding, sections of which are connected to the output of a half-wave semiconductor switch, made in the form of unipolar DC amplifiers in the number of armature sections, a sine-cosine rotor position sensor equipped with the number of direct current outputs associated with a rotational speed setter, phase emf meters and a rotational speed setter, characterized in that, in order to expand the speed control range, p the semiconductor switch is additionally equipped with correcting, for example, periodic links, and adders according to the number of armature sections, the outputs of which are connected through corrective links to the inputs of the corresponding DC amplifiers, the first input of each adder is connected to the output of the phase emf meter of the armature section, and the second input is connected to the corresponding DC output of the sine-cosine rotor position sensor.