SU1150013A1 - Reactor for synthesis of refrigerants - Google Patents

Abstract

1. THE REACTOR FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HPADONS OF METHANE AND ETHANE, a row comprising a body with a lid, fittings for the introduction of reagents and a product of reaction products, a central pipe with a distribution element, so that, in order to increase the degree of conversion , reducing catalyst ablation, increasing reactor productivity by providing accelerated synthesis start in viscous media with solid particles, the distribution element is designed as a cylindrical chamber with a hydraulic lock and radial and fingers with holes an aperture in the fingers are arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the reactor in the range uglovp t oii-j-; 71. ot i 21 2. The reactor according to claim 1, of which is aa: 5 th, and the fact that the fingers are filled with holes located in their lower part along the vertical axis.

Description

with

The invention relates to the field of chemical technology, namely, reactors for the preparation of fluorochloromethanes and fluorochloroethanes, in which organic chemicals, which are chlorine derivatives of methane or ethane, are fluorinated by means of hydrogen fluoride and a catalyst: metal halide of group IV or group V in the liquid state.

Known reactor, comprising a housing with a lid and a bottom, separate siphon input of organic and hydrogen fluoride lj.

However, the known reactor is characterized by the impossibility of intensification of mass transfer and lack of reliability in operation.

Closest to the invention by technical essence and the achieved effect is a structure comprising a housing with fittings for input and output of target products and a vertical pipe extending from the top to the bottom of the reactor, with a distribution element at the lower end, which is a fot1 plastic stocking, dressed on a pipe with drilled holes at the bottom 30 cm

1 cm DQ.

The disadvantages of this installation are that during forced shutdowns and cooling of the mixture in the reactor, catalyst thickens and the formation of solid over-fluorinated complexes to start the process in such conditions in a known reactor has to be pulled out of the pipe with a distribution element, which serves to disperse HF gas, and clean the blocked holes 1

In addition, the size of the holes determines the presence of too large puzfey, as well as a low flow rate, which leads to condensation at the outlet of the bubbling holes and, consequently, a geyser effect, which results in an increased entrainment of the catalyst through the system (a decrease in the holes leads to deterioration of mixing) In this case, the distribution of holes is such that due to the difference in hydrostatic pressures, HF bubbles leave mainly from the upper holes and float only in small

around the pipe - the reaction mass is not evenly mixed.

Effective heat and mass transfer is also not provided in this reactor, which affects the HF conversion rate, which averages 95%. Unreacted does not complicate the refrigerant cleaning system, and in some processes is irretrievably lost and causes environmental pollution (chl-22).

The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of conversion, decrease catalyst ablation, increase the reactor productivity by providing an accelerated start of synthesis in viscous media with solid particles.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a reactor for the synthesis of freons of methane and ethane series, comprising a housing with a cap, fittings for input and output of reaction products, the central tube with a distribution element, the latter is made in the form of a cylindrical chamber with a hydraulic lock and the holes in the fingers are located symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the reactor in the range of angles. J-iT

 four

as well as fingers are made with holes located in their lower part along the vertical axis of the finger.

FIG. 1 shows the reactor for the synthesis of chladones, a general view; in fig. 2, section A-A in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 section bb in fig. one.

The reactor has a housing 1 with a jacket 2 and the main nozzles: for the input of organic raw material - A, for the input of HF - B, for the output of synthesis products - C, for the loading of the catalyst - D, the drain fitting - E, as well as the vertical pipe 3 made of nichrome and lining) fluoroplastic 3 from the outside. At the lower end of the pipe there is a distributor element 4 in the form of a cylindrical chamber with a hydraulic lock 5 and radially diverging fingers 6 radially extending from its outer surface, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic lock hole 7 and bubbling holes 8. The most severe corrosion occurs at the interface. those. on the bubbling holes x - bubbling 3 fingers are made of fluoroplastic 3, which does not corrode under these conditions, but may be deformed under the influence of elevated temperature and pressure. To ensure rigidity of the fingers, metal guide bodies 11 of steel X18H9T are dressed. In the HF contact zone, the main danger is (for corrosion) welds, therefore the chamber is made of a single piece of nichrome and connected to Pipe 3 by means of a stuffing box 1 with fingers, with the help of flange connections, FUM is used as a sealing joint of gaskets and gaskets. Synthesis is accompanied by abundant gas cracking — the gas distribution device is subject to strong vibration and can be skewed or even disrupted during operation. To ensure rigidity and horizontal centering, there is an abutment 9 in the wall of the slide. The reactor operates as follows. Through the nozzle D the liquid catalyst is loaded (at a time) into the reactor, the organic raw material is continuously fed through the nozzle A, and the nozzle B through the nozzle B, which passes through the tube 3 into the distribution chamber 4. After the mixture is stopped and cooled, the bubbling orifices can be blocked with solid by the overbluorinated complexes of P5P5. C1, SnF.Cl, TiF.Clf, and the reaction mass itself turns into a viscous liquid with a solid residue at the bottom of the reactor. At the beginning of the start, the gaseous superheated sediment will flow like a siphon through a large hydraulic valve 13, which is a hole in the bottom of chamber 4 with a diameter of about 4 cm and a wall height of about 5 cm. As the reaction mass warms up and mixes, the bubbling holes 8 , melt and flow out through the hydraulic locks of the fingers 7, which are holes with a diameter of about 1 cm. As the reaction mass is displaced from the fingers and heated, HF begins to sparge through the holes 8 and locks the hydraulic shutters 5.7 tc pillars of the reaction mass due to the difference in hydrostatic pressures. The described distribution of bubbling holes allows puffy to be directed to the area of sediment formation, which contributes to its melting and mixing with the main mass of the reaction liquid, and also provides good conditions for uniform and fine dispersion by volume. The proposed reactor allows to increase the degree of use of scarce and expensive raw materials (up to 99% or more) and to reduce catalyst carryover by half, which greatly simplifies the purification of target refrigerants. Due to ensuring that the process is started after forced shutdowns and cooling of the mixture without prior cleaning of the bubbling holes, the loss of working time for unproductive manual labor is reduced when in contact with potent toxic substances. Testing of the proposed reactor showed that it is reliable and long-term in operation, does not require significant capital expenditures when re-installing old reactors.

AT

utJ

Claims (2)

1. REACTOR FOR SYNTHESIS OF CHRONDS of methane and ethane series, comprising a housing with a lid, a fitting for introducing reagents and an outlet for reaction products, a central pipe with a distribution element, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of conversion, reduce catalyst entrainment, and increase reactor productivity due to providing accelerated start of synthesis in viscous media with solid particles, the distribution element is made in the form of a cylindrical chamber with a water seal and radial fingers with holes, while I in the fingers are arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis L 511 "of the reactor, in the range uglovίι <i 71? ⁴ - ί 4 · 2. The reactor according to π. 1, characterized in that the fingers are made with holes located in their lower part along the vertical axis.