SU1147773A1 - Electrolyzer for refining metals - Google Patents

Abstract

ELECTROLIZER FOR THE REFINING OF METALS, including a lined bath with a conductive graphite bottom and diaphragms separating the bath into anode and cathode cells, input windows. ,, 13 ggg.ggfiT.-..., cathodes, cathode turning mechanisms as well as chambers and devices for cutting the sediment, characterized in that, in order to increase its performance, reduce energy losses and improve the loading conditions of the anode cells with raw materials, the chambers for cutting the sediment are equipped with removable platforms, the tub is equipped with a tubular a conveyor installed along its axis and made with windows equipped with tilting valves and zagrebnymi blades, while the cathodes, their rotation mechanisms and devices for cutting sediment are fixed on removable platforms, windows for entering the cathodes are provided with gates, and the diaphragms are filled in the form of matching arches of refractory electrically insulating material.

Description

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Co 1 The invention relates to the Pico Pkovo metallurgy, in particular, to devices for the electrolytic production of powders of pure metals and their alloys by refining them in molten media. A known electrolyzer for refining metals from molten media, consisting of an anode basket, which is assembled from graphite blocks and heat-resistant concrete, a vertical cathode in the form of a rectangular plate that is attached to the hydraulic cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating vertical movement, a device for trapping and unloading of cathode sediment, made in the form of a shaft forks, which is held cantilever on the pivot pipe, as well as raw material dispensers with pipes for its transportation and distribution. However, this device does not provide a device for determining the maximum level of anode raw material loading, and there is also no preheating of the raw material before it is loaded into the electrolyzer, which causes the formation of a crust in the loading zone, which causes a decrease in the electrolyzer performance, increasing its material intensity and energy intensity. . The closest to the proposed technical result and the achieved result is the electroli l Ji J of JliJ 1 о. J V / Z, 1 hl JAV-i 1 Ail. Refractory grains, including a lined bath with current-carrying graphite bottom, and diaphragms dividing the bath into anode and cathode cells, for introducing cathodes, cathode turning mechanisms, as well as chambers and shear cutters 2. At the same time, the cathodes are mounted on the current-carrying shafts located in the chambers for cutting sediment, and the mechanisms for turning the cathodes are made in the form of spindle screws with nuts connected to the cathodes. The disadvantages of this electrolyzer are low productivity, high electric power losses and difficult loading conditions of the anode cells with the raw material. The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance of the electrolyzer, reduce energy losses and improve the 73 conditions of loading the anode cells with raw materials. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a cell for refining metals, including a lined bath with a current-carrying graphite bottom and diaphragms separating the bath into anode and cathode cells, cathode insertion windows, cathode rotation mechanisms, as well as chambers and device for sludge cutting, chambers for sludge cutting are equipped with removable platforms, the bath is equipped with a tubular conveyor installed along its axis and made with windows, equipped with butterfly valves and scraper blades, cathodes, the mechanisms of their rotation and cutting device claim precipitate secured to removable platforms, a window for inputting the cathodes are provided with closures, and diaphragm are formed as arcs mating of electrically insulating refractory material. Fig, 1 shows a device, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is a section along A-A in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 is a section along BB in FIG. 1. 1 The electrolyzer consists of a steel lined bath 1 (Fig. 1) with a current lead collector graphite bottom 2 located in it, located along the axis of the V / UU electrolyzer of a tubular conveyor (conveyor-tube) 3, in which each anode cell for each The anodic feeds are filled with windows 4, equipped with rotary closures 5 for closing the windows and scoop blades 6, intended for determination. the maximum level of loading of the raw materials mounted in the pipe of the conveyor 3 of the screw 7, anode current leads 8 connected to the collector-graphite current-carrying hearth 2, three chambers 9, for cutting metal sludge from the cathodes, removable platforms 10 located on each chamber 9 attached to them rotary cathodes 11, cathode rotation mechanisms (chassis screws 12, nuts 13, studs 14, flexible tires 15 for a cathode current lead, two cheeks 16, between which is a rotary cathode 11 mounted on an axis 17), devices for cutting sediment a (press-on knurled wheels 18.

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to ensure the rigidity of the cathode when cutting metal sediment from it, gearmotor 19, bevel gear 20, screw cutters with gear 21 for cutting metal sediment with cathode). The electrolyzer also consists of gates 22 for shutting off windows 23 connecting the precipitation bridges 9 from the electrolysis bath 1, diaphragms 24 dividing the bath into anode cells 25 for anode raw materials and cathode cells.26 for accommodating cathodes. The diaphragms are made in the form of conjugate arches of refractory electrical insulating plates, where solid rows of solid plates 27 alternate with rows of halves of plates 28 located at the joints among solid rows with an interval of half a plate. At the expense of these intervals, gaps 29 are created with the necessary angles of inclination, which preclude the anodic material from spilling from the anode cells into the cathode cells. The hydraulic circuit 30 serves to pivot the gates 5 and the scoop blades 6 located on the windows 4, the pipe conveyor 3 and the nozzles 31 intended for servicing the electrolyzer bath.

The cell operates as follows.

After thoroughly crimping and drying in an inert gas medium, the bath 1, where the anode cells 25 are located, is refractory-lined with refractory material, and the anode raw material is fed into each of the cells to the current lead collection plate. , from which the rotary shutter 5 opens the window 4 and together with the runaway blades mi 6 makes a reciprocating and turning movement. When the anode cell 25 is filled and the raw material is scraped by the blades 6, the hydraulic fluid pressure in the hydraulic actuator 30 increases and the meter gauge deflects until it touches the hydraulic actuator switch, which stops at the closed window 4 with gate 5 (the meter and the switch are not shown). After that, the rotating screw 7 starts feeding the raw material into another anode cell 25, above which is open 77734

Window 4 from turning on another electric drive. In this case, the anodic cell passing through the pipe of the conveyor is heated and enters the bath 5 without forming a crust in the electrolyte.

Similarly, all the anode cells are filled with the raw material and the electrolyte melt is poured into the bath through the nozzle 31 to a predetermined level, after which the end part of the cathode 11 is immersed in the electrolyte of the cathode cell 26 by rotating it about the axis 17 clockwise, while the cathode passes into the bath through a window 23 connecting the bath to the chamber 9 for cutting the sediment.

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The rotation of the cathode 11 is carried out

an earring 14 connected to the nut 13,

0 screwed onto the spindle screw 12, which rotates from the gearmotor 19 through bevel gears 20, Through a removable platform 10 and welded to it, cheeks 16,

5 and also connects the cathode potential to the cathode via flexible tires 15 and connects the anode potential through the current leads 8 and the current-carrying collection-graphite bottom 2. As a result, metal ions from the anode raw material are transferred to the electrolyte and then to the cathode, precipitating Sit on it as a precipitate of pure metal crystals. When layer

crystals grows to a certain thickness, it is cut off, the cathode 11 is turned counterclockwise due to the reverse rotation of the gearmotor and, when the metal sediments on

The cathode Q will meet with rotating side screw cutters 21, it will be cut by them and fall into a collecting container (not shown). After termination of the sediment cut-off, the motor-re5 ductor is switched to return the end part of the cathode to the electrolyte (to the cathode cell 26). All cathodes work in the same way with their alternate rotation to cut the sediment.

In the chambers of the cut and return to the electrolyte, to the cathode cells, where the build-up of sediment at the cathode occurs.

5 The operation of this electrolyzer ensures the increase in the productivity of the technical process by increasing the period of its operation.

in a continuous mode and preserve the tightness of the bath when servicing the mechanism) for cutting the sediment. In addition, the electrolyzer reduces electricity by reducing current leakage through the diaphragms, and also allows you to optimize the load level of the anode cells with raw materials when using a conveyor with windows equipped with butterfly valves and scraper blades.

In the production of highly pure iron powder, the application of the proposed electrolyzer will allow a 7.5% increase in the productivity of the technological process (from 7,000 tons / year on a known electrolyzer to 7,500 tons / year on the proposed one), increase the current yield ratio of the metal (from 0.6 to 0 , 8, respectively, and reduce electricity consumption for the production of the annual program by about 17 million kWh.

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Claims (1)

ELECTROLYZER FOR REFINING METALS, including a lined bath with a conductive-graphite bottom and diaphragms placed therein, dividing the bath into anode and cathode cells, cathode entry windows, cathode rotation mechanisms, as well as chambers and devices for cutting sediment, characterized in that, in order to increase its productivity, reduce energy losses and improve the loading conditions of the anode cells with raw materials, the chambers for cutting sediment are equipped with removable platforms, the bath is equipped with a tubular conveyor, installed oval along its axis and made with windows equipped with butterfly valves and rake blades, while the cathodes, their rotation mechanisms and devices for cutting sediment are mounted on removable platforms, the windows for inputting the cathodes are equipped with shutters, and the diaphragms are made in the form of conjugate arches made of refractory electrical insulation material. > "1147773