SU1147309A1 - Apparatus for checking quality of eggs - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE FOR QUALITY CONTROL EGG, containing a generator of probe pulses, emitting and receiving transducers, an average period meter having a series-connected amplifier, the first driver, the first type 2I circuit, the first counter, the first trigger, the second counter and the second trigger in series, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the probe pulse generator unit, and the second input is connected to the output of the first driver, and the second driver, the output of which is connected to the second At the input of the first trigger, as well as a generator of counting pulses, connected to the information input of the second counter, characterized in that, for the purpose of automation of control, it is equipped with an egg installation cell, sequentially switched on by a static register, programmable microcalculator containing sequentially connected descriptor, polling unit , arithmetic unit and indicators, marker actuator, connected in series by the third driver and delay unit. containing in series the third trigger and the fourth driver, the output of which is connected to the installation input to zero of the second counter, as well as the series-connected second type 2I circuit, the divider output of which is connected to the second input of the second type 2I circuit and the installation input zero is connected to the third output the driver, and the fifth driver, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the Record of the static register and the Start of the programmable microcalculator, the first input of the second circuit of the type 2I and the second input The delay location is connected to the second output of the probe pulse generator unit, and the output of the first trigger meter of the average period I is connected to the second input of the first 2I circuit and the resolution input (L of the second counter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the static register. 2. Device according to 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of measurements, for example, by reducing the dependence of the characteristics of acoustic contacts on the size of eggs, the egg cell is provided with an additional support in the plane of attachment The transmitting and receiving transducers, whose radiation axes are located at an angle of 120 ° with each other and at an acute angle relative to the vertical, with the points of attachment of these elements evenly distributed around the circumference, as well as a limit switch mechanically connected with an additional stop connected to the input of the third driver.

Description

The invention relates to the control of food products by physical methods, in particular, the assessment of the quality of eggs at the exit control at poultry farms and at the entrance control at the warehouses of products, at catering and trade, and can be applied to control large lots and automated control. There are known devices for controlling the quality of eggs by physical methods, which contain auxiliary units (for example, feed mechanisms and rotation of eggs), at least one light source with focusing optics, mirror systems, sets of light filters 1. However, devices are characterized by insufficient resolution, which is most noticeable in the presence of small cracks and at the initial stage of physicochemical processes. The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect to the invention is a device comprising a block of a generator of probe pulses, an emitting and receiving transducer, an average period meter having a series-connected amplifier, the first driver, the first type 2I circuit, the nerve counter, the first trigger, the second a counter and a second trigger connected in series, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the probe pulse generator unit, and the second input to the output of the first the driver and the second driver, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first trigger, as well as the generator of counting pulses, connected to the information input of the second counter 2. The disadvantage of the device is the lack of automation of measurements. The purpose of the invention is to automate the quality control of eggs and increase the reliability of measurements. The goal is achieved by the fact that a device comprising a probe pulse generator unit, radiating and receiving transducers, an average period meter having a series-connected amplifier, a first driver, a first type 2I circuit, a first counter, a first trigger, a second counter, and a second trigger in series, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the generator of the probe pulses, and the second input is connected to the output of the first driver, and the second driver, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first trigger, as well as the generator of counting pulses, connected to the information input of the second counter, is equipped with a cell for setting up an egg, a series register connected by a static register, a programmable microcalculator containing serially connected decoder, a polling unit, an arithmetic unit and indicators, an actuator of the marker, connected in series by the third driver and the delay unit, containing in series the third trigger and the fourth generator a device whose output is connected to the installation input to zero of the second counter, as well as series-connected second type 2I circuit, a divider whose output is connected to the second input of the second type 2I circuit, and the installation input to zero is connected to the output of the third imaging unit and the fifth driver The output of which is connected to the inputs “Record, static register and“ Start of a programmable microcalculator, with the first input of the second type 2I circuit and the second input of the delay unit connected to the second output of the generator unit probing pulse in, and the output of the first flip-flop middle period meter is connected to the second input of the first circuit type 2I and enable input of the second counter, which outputs are coupled to inputs of a static register. The cell of the egg installation is provided with an additional stop in the plane of attachment of the radiating and receiving transducers, the radiation axes of which are arranged at an angle of 120 ° between themselves and at an acute angle relative to the vertical, with the attachment points of these elements evenly distributed around the circumference, as well as a limit switch mechanically connected additional stop connected to the input of the third shaper. The drawing shows a block diagram of the device. The device for testing eggs consists of series-connected generator 1 of probe pulses, emitting and receiving transducers 2 and 3, placed at an angle of 120 ° between themselves and at an acute angle relative to the vertical, meter 4 of an average period consisting of series-connected amplifier 5, the first shaper 6, the first circuit 7 type 2I, the first counter 8, the first trigger 9, the second counter 10 and series-connected second trigger II, the first input of which is connected to the second output of block 1 of the gene rator probe pulses, and the second input - with the output of the first driver 6, and the second driver 12, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first trigger, 9, as well as the generator 13 of the counting pulses connected to the information input of the second counter 10, and also contains series-connected static register, 14, programmable microcalculator 15 containing serially connected decoder 16, polling block 17, arithmetic unit 18 (microprocessor) and indicators 19 and 20 (according to the number of tolerance control levels ) and the actuator 21 of the marker, a series-connected third driver 22 and a delay unit 23 comprising a series-connected third trigger 24 and a fourth driver 25, the output of which is connected to the input of the zero setting of the second counter 10 of the meter 4, as well as the series-connected second circuit 26 of type 2I divider T whose output is connected to the input of the second circuit 26 of type 2I, and the installation input to zero is connected to the output of the third driver 22, and the fifth driver 28, the output of which is connected to the inputs "Record static Register 14 and “Start of a programmable microcalculator of a torus. B5, wherein the first input of the second circuit 26 of type 2I and the second input of delay block 23 is connected to the second output of block 1 of the probe pulse generator, the output of the first trigger 9 is connected to the second input of the first circuit 7 of type 2I and the input of the second counter 10, whose outputs are connected the inputs of the static register 14, and the movable stop 30 are mechanically connected with a limit switch 31 connected to the input of the third driver 22. The indicators 19 and 20 and the actuator mechanism 21 of the marker are the terminal nodes of the device. The device works as follows. Controlled egg is installed in the cell 29 of the installation. Due to the fact that the radiating and receiving transducers 2 to 3 are made of flat piezoelectric elements, and their surfaces are at an angle of 120 ° between themselves and a relatively mobile additional stop 30; and also form an acute angle with respect to the verti: the Kali, the controlled egg contact with these elements reliably only at three points, and the contact area is almost independent of the specific size of the egg (only the position of the contact points depends on the dimensions, which does not affect the measurement results). At the time of installation, the additional stop 30 closes the contacts of the limit switch 31. At the same time, the third driver 22 produces a short pulse, which causes the delay block 23 (at the first input of the trigger 24) and divider 27 to be set to zero (for definiteness), which translates the second circuits 26 of type 2I to the open state. The probe pulse generator unit 1 generates, at the second output, periodically following short electrical synchronization pulses (for example, with a frequency of 50 Hz), which are continuously fed to the second input of the delay block 23 (the second trigger input 24), to the first input of the second circuit 26 of type 2I and to the first input of the second trigger 11 meter 4 average period. The first clock pulse, which arrived at the input of the delay unit 23 after the appearance of the output pulse of the third driver 22 (i.e., immediately after installing the egg), returns the trigger 24 to the unit state in which this trigger further remains until the next egg is installed. A change in the potential at the output of the trigger 24 results in the appearance at the output of the fourth driver 25 a pulse delayed relative to the arrival of the sync pulse. With the output pulse of the former 25, the second counter 10 is transferred to the zero state. The duration of the output pulse of the driver 25 must be less than the propagation time of the signal in the egg between the emitting and receiving transducer. Simultaneously with the onset of the sync pulse, the first output of the block 1 produces a powerful electrical probe pulse, which is transformed into a broadband acoustic signal with the help of the converter 2 and excites mechanical vibrations. In conditioned eggs, mechanical oscillations decay relatively quickly, the average oscillation period (also depends on the characteristics of the radiating converter 2, which is compensated for during the calibration of the device) is minimal. In substandard eggs, for example in eggs with cracks or other defects, the average period is much longer. With the help of receiving converter 3, these mechanical oscillations are recorded and transformed into electrical signals of similar form, which are fed to the input of meter 4 of an average period, where they are amplified in amplifier 5, are converted into a sequence of short pulses corresponding to the times of zero crossing of the signal voltage ( the signal is in the form of a damped sinusoid), in the first driver 6. The first output pulse of the driver 6, the second trigger 11 returns to the one state in which it remains in lot before the arrival of the next sync. At the output of the second shaper 12, a pulse is generated, by which the trigger 9 is transferred to one state, as a result, the first circuit 7 of type 2I opens on the second input and starts to pass the output pulses of the shaper 6 to the input of the counter 8. At the same time, the second counter 10 switches to the mode accounts and begins to accumulate the output pulses of the generator 13 counting pulses. This process continues until

counter overflow 8, i.e. up to the moment of its return to the zero state. At the output of the counter 8, a pulse is generated, by which the trigger 9 returns to the initial zero state and closes the circuit 7 of type 2I on the second input and the second counter 10. As a result, the counter 10 remains recorded NT number, where N is the memory size of the first counter 8, T is the period of the following counting pulses. Similarly, the processes take place at each subsequent sensing cycle, i.e., after the occurrence of the next sync pulses. However, since the egg remains in cell 29 and the chain of blocks 31 and 22-25 does not work, the number NT is added to counter 10 during each sounding, and for (K-1) the sounding cycle in it accumulates the number (K-1) NT .

Since from the moment the egg was installed, circuit 26 of type 2I turned out to be open, then sync pulses from the second output of unit 1 begin to flow unhindered from the second output of unit 1. As soon as a pulse with number K arrives at the divider input, where K is the division factor, the output the divider will change the potential, which will lead to the closure of the circuit 26 at the second input and to the appearance of a pulse at the output of the fifth shaper 25, with which the static register 14 at the input "Record will receive a command to overwrite the information accumulated up to this point in the second counter 10. With a sufficiently short output pulse of the fifth shaper 28, the state of the counter 10 after the K-th sounding does not have time to change (the counter 10 will open a few microseconds after sending the probe pulse). Therefore, static register 14 will write the number (K-1) NT. Until the next egg is installed, this information will not be distorted, since the circuit 26 remains closed and the new command will not arrive in the block 14.

If 10, which is achieved by an appropriate choice of the parameters of the divider 27 and counter 8, then (K-1) T. In practice, it is convenient to choose μs. Consequently, in static register 14, the number recorded is equal to the duration of 100 oscillation periods, measured in microseconds. Consequently, the average period is 100 times less than this.

numbers Thus, the proposed device performs averaging over periods at each individual sounding cycle, as well as over the (K-1) sounding cycle. This eliminates (reduces) measurement errors.

In addition, the output pulse of the imaging unit 28 is fed to the input “Start of the programmable microcalculator 15, transferring it to the reception and processing mode

0 information. In this case, the decoder 16 converts the output code of the static register 14 to the required | I go, the polling block 17 enters this information into the operational registers of the arithmetic unit 18 (microprocessor) and translates

5, the latter is in the mode of processing information according to a previously entered program, taking into account the constants defining the boundaries of the tolerance fields of the product by grade (established when calibrating the instrument). The result of the information processing is displayed on

0 corresponding indicator 19 and 20 (according to the number of tolerance fields). In addition, the programmable microcalculator .15 generates a command for the actuator 21 of the marker, with which an appropriate mark is made on the egg shell.

5 This completes the monitoring of this object. Before installing a new egg, indicators 19 and 20 show the level of quality of proven products.

As a programmable microcalculator 15, you can use devices

0 type MK-46, MK-64 and similar. These devices also allow; output the result of the control to the digitizer (not shown). The microprocessors of these devices have a tolerance control program. Other blocks of the proposed device do not contain scarce components and can be developed, for example, on the basis of integrated circuits series 1/6.

Full cycle control using the proposed device takes (K) M seconds.

0 where M is the period of following synchronization pulses. At and, 02 s, the total measurement cycle is 0.22 s. The rest of the time is spent on installing and removing the egg from cell 29, which can also be automated. Wherein

5, the probability of missing products with defects is significantly reduced, which is typical of devices based on the principle of an ovoscope.

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Claims (2)

1. DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF EGGS, comprising a probe pulse generator unit, emitting and receiving transducers, a mid-period meter, having an amplifier in series, a first driver, a first type 2I circuit, a first counter, a first trigger, a second counter and a second trigger in series, whose first input is connected to the second output of the probe pulse generator unit, and the second input to the output of the first driver, and the second driver, whose output is connected to the second input the first trigger, as well as a counting pulse generator connected to the information input of the second counter, characterized in that, for the purpose of automation of control, it is equipped with an egg installation cell, a static register programmed in series, a programmable microcalculator containing a decryptor, a polling unit, an arithmetic device connected in series and indicators, by the marker actuator, connected in series by the third driver and the delay unit, comprising successively the third trigger and the fourth driver, the output of which is connected to the zero input of the second counter, and also connected in series with the second type 2I circuit, a divider, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second type 2I circuit and the zero input is connected to the output of the third shaper and the fifth driver, the output of which is connected to the “Record” inputs of the static register and “Start” of the programmable microcalculator, the first input of the second “2I” type circuit and the second input of the delay unit connected to the second output the house of the probe pulse generator block, and the output of the first trigger of the middle period meter is connected to the second input of the first circuit of the 2I type and the resolution input of the second counter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the static register. 2. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of measurements, for example, by reducing the dependence of the characteristics of acoustic contacts on the size of the eggs, the egg cell is equipped with an additional stop in the plane of attachment of the emitting and receiving transducers, the radiation axis of which are located at an angle of 120 ° between each other and at an acute angle relative to the vertical, and the attachment points of these elements are evenly distributed around the circumference, as well as a limit switch mechanically connected with an additional stop, Connecting to an input of the third driver. >