SU1147295A1 - Substrate for growing plants - Google Patents

Abstract

SUBSTRATE FOR CULTIVATION OF PLANTS, containing ion exchange fibers, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the substrate and extend its use, it is additionally. Contains polyvinyl formal at the following ratio of components, May. %: Ion-exchange fibers.20-70 Penopolivinformal30-80 i (L with

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing plants in greenhouses, in domestic conditions, S autonomous existing objects (submarines, ships of the mine).

A substrate is known from the fine blackened wastes of thermoplastic polymer films, the shape of which is given as a result of the melting of a part of the films that are in contact with the surface of the heated metal container {.

However, these substrates have a heterogeneous structure, are chemically inert and require regular irrigation with nutrient solutions.

Also known is a substrate made of polyacrylonitrile fibers treated with alkaline reagents (hydroxide, methylsiliconate, or ethyl sodium to1JJ) in the presence of structuring agents — hydrazine salts with angionic cation-exchange groups and saturated with nutrient solution 2.

The disadvantages of such a substrate are a short period of use (2-4 months) due to the low saturability of the substrate with ions and significant desorption of ions during irrigation, compaction of the substrate structure due to caking of fibers, which leads to deterioration of root system aeration, breakage of plant roots and reduced stability of the latter. the need to use additional devices (cells) filled with a substrate for growing plants ..

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the substrate and increase the duration of its use.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that the substrate containing ion-exchange fibers with a length of 3-10 mm — anionic and cation-exchangeable — additionally contains polyvinyl formal in the following ratio of components, May. %:

Ion-exchange fibers20-70

Penopolivinformal30-80

When the content in the substrate of the fiber is less than 20%, there is a need for additional, additional irrigation of the substrate with a nutrient solution due to a decrease in the number of ion-exchange groups in the substrate. An increase in the content of fiber in the substrate by more than 70% is impractical from the point of view of the economics of the process of its manufacture, as well as the deterioration of the quality of the substrate.

To ensure uniform moisture and air permeability of the substrate, which is important for normal aeration of the plant root system, expanded clay can be added to the substrate in an amount of 20-50% by weight of the substrate.

Example 200 g {corresponds to 80% of polyvinyl formal in the finished substrate) 3 mixtures foamed to a degree of foaming

 polyvinylformal containing,%: H2O 85.5; polyvinyl alcohol 6.1; hydrochloric acid 2.8; prevotsel 1.0; Formaldehyde 4.6 is mixed with 41 g (corresponding to 20% of ion-exchange fibers in roTOBON substrate) a mixture of ion-exchange fibers (cation-exchange polynacrylonitrile fiber with phosphoric acid groups - 50% and polyacrylonitrile fiber, saponified with sodium alkyl sulfonate followed by polyamylamine, and polyacrylonitrile fiber, sapulated with sodium alkyl sulfonate followed by polyamylamine, and polyacrylnitrile fiber, sapulated with sodium alkyl silicate and followed by polyamylamine, and polyacrylonitrile fiber, sapulated with sodium alkyl silicate and followed by polyalkylamine, 50% polyacrylnitrile fiber, saponified with sodium alkyl sulfonate and followed by polyacrylonitrile fiber, sapulated with sodium alkyl silicate and followed by polyalkylaminoethyl cut to a length of 5 mm. After stirring the mixture for 2 minutes, it is transferred to. the desired shape, close tightly with a lid and placed on I h in a heating cabinet, heated to 60 ° C.

The obtained substrate is removed from the mold, washed with water until neutral wash water and, if necessary, dried to a moisture content of 10%. Then it is saturated with a nutrient solution LTA-2, of the following composition, g / l:

ZO, 7Ca (NO3), 4H2O 1.95

MnCI 0.05MnSO4-7H2O 3, q

CuSO4 0.0125 KNO31.01

CoCb 0.003 (NH:,) 2SO40.45

ZnSO4 0.0125 NH4NO30.1

(NH4) 6Mo7O240.005 2.65

NiSO4 0.003 KH2PO40.7

NaCi 0.08

The substrate is saturated in statics for 24 hours with periodic stirring of the solution. Plants Sedum Rootum were planted on the substrate by cutting, which rooted 100%, grew by 17-28 cm in 25 days, and gave 8-10 lateral shoots.

h Example 2. The substrate is prepared according to example 1, only take 200 g. tsenopolivinilformal (corresponds to 30% of polyvinylformal in the finished substrate) and 33 g of filler (corresponds to 70% of the fiber in the finished material). A filler is a mixture of electron-ion exchange fibers based on dehydrated PVA fiber with pyrocatechin - 50% with polyacrylonitrile fiber treated with a water-alcohol solution of sodium alkylsiliconate and polyethyleneimine 50%. Plants of seed doom corneum and zebraine pendul were planted on the substrate. Sedum corneum plants rooted on. 100%, for 25 days increased by cm, gave 10 side shoots. The pebbles of zebraine rooted 100%, grew by 8--10 cm in 25 days, and gave 3 side shoots. Example 3. 260 g of a foamed reactive mixture of polyvinyl formal formate is mixed with 24 g of a mixture of ion-exchange fibers (according to example 2), to which 2 g of sodium bicarbonate are added. The resulting mass is poured into a mold in which there is 16 g of claydite distributed evenly across the bottom with a particle size of 3-4 mm, after which another

16 g of expanded clay with a particle size of 2-3 mm. Claydite constitutes 45% of the nutrient medium weight. The finished substrate (consisting of 30% ion exchange fibers and 70% polyvinyl formal) is 55% by weight of the nutrient medium. And further, as in example 1 ..

The plant was planted on the substrate by cutting the plants of the Tradescanic river, Sedum korneum, Chlorophytum puchkovoy. Tradeskantsi riverine rooted 100%, for 9 days increased by an average of 6 cm and gave 4 sheets. Sedum Corneum rooted 100%, for 9 days increased by

1 cm, gave 2 sheets. Chlorophytum bundle urochenil by 100%, increased by 1 cm, gave

2 sheets.

The roots of all cuttings were overgrown and formed at the bottom of the substrate felt. This modification of a synthetic sponge sucks up water well during sub-irrigation water supply (watering from below).

Example 4. 260 g of a foamed reactive mixture of polyvinyl formal formate is mixed with 48 g of the mixture of ion-exchange fibers of Example 2. The resulting mass is poured into a mold, c. which there are 18 tons of expanded clay with a particle size of mm.

Claydite constitutes 20% of the nutrient medium weight. The finished substrate (consisting of 60% ion exchange fibers and 40% foam polyvinyl formal) is 80% by weight of the mixed medium. And further, as in example I.

Plants were planted on the substrate by cutting the plants: the Tradescanis is riverine, Sedum Corneum. Tradeskantsi riverine rooted 100%, grew by an average of 5 cm and gave 4 sheets in 9 days. Sedum corneum rooted 100%, for 9 days increased by 1 cm, gave 1 sheet.

The root system of all plants, planted on the substrate 1-4, easily penetrates the entire thickness of the substrate and goes to the bottom surface, which provides plants with sufficient stability and the most complete use of nutrients.

Ornamental plants of different life forms grow on substrates. Plants quickly gain green mass, give good growth, have a fresh healthy look ..

The use of the proposed substrates for growing plants will provide, in comparison with the prototype, an increase in the period of use of the substrate up to 3 years (in the prototype 2-4 months), within. which plants do not lose their decorative qualities, increasing the green mass of plants and the content of dry residue and ash elements in plants, which indicates a good state of the latter, eliminates the need to use additional containers for growing plants, reduces the cost of materials and labor for equipment and maintenance greenhouses.

Claims (1)

SUBSTRATE FOR PLANT GROWING, containing ion-exchanged fibers, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the substrate and increase its useful life, it additionally contains polyvinyl formal in the following ratio of components, May. %: Ion-exchange fibers Foamed polyvinyl formal