SU1123753A1 - Device for preparing dry process lubricant to drawing - Google Patents

Abstract

A DEVICE FOR PREPARATION OF DRY TECHNOLOGICAL LUBRICATION TO WAVE, containing means for external heating of the container at an angle to the horizontal plane, in the upper part of which the mechanism is loaded, the lubricant is unloaded, the shaft is radially fixed in the axis of the container captive scooters, scaled by 1-5 in the current of the screw line, are mounted on the surface of the shaft, characterized in that, in order to ensure the stability and lubricant properties of lubricants based on {fsh by obtaining particles of the same size and capacity of the lubricant preparation process, 1x distance along the shaft axis between the next and previous blades, with a consistent decrease from the bottom of the shaft to the upper one according to the dependence l- "where Hell is the distance along the shaft axis between the next and the previous blade; 1) - shaft length; t is the helix pitch on the shaft surface along which the РЫ1 blades are fixed; "E rt (, 2,5 ... - nszher each subsequent on the blade, counting from the original (), pacnonoKeHH rfi in the lower part of the shaft, prthgaem the width of the projection of each subsequent blade on the plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometry axis of the blade is 1.05-1.10 the distance between this and the previous blades.

Description

The invention relates to the equipment for drawing production and can be used in the preparation of a dry technological process for wire drawing in metal manufacturing plants.  A device is known for preparing a dry fairy tale for drawing, including a tank equipped with a means for heating it, a loading device located in its upper part, and an unloading device for Hbwi located in its lower part.  Inside the tank there are gears and gears and a chain of Gall, Drying smaek is done by heating the tank, and grinding is done by grinding the soap particles between the chain and aatoi ij dough.   However, the installation is difficult to operate, the preparation time of the lubricant is not significant (up to 16 hours), while the lubricant particles are not evenly sized (due to the force effect only on a part of the lubricant when moving, the chain), and this in turn causes instability Ant friction efficiency lubrication during operation.  As a result, the metal is increased in the course of drawing, the durability of the fiber decreases and the productivity of the drawing mills decreases.  A device that can be used to prepare a dry lubricant for drawing is known, which includes a drum filled into a drum, inside which is located a drive shaft with a device for warping.  A device for mixing can be made in the form of a shaft with a lobe m, fixed blades radially to its surface, are placed on the shaft surface evenly along its length through X rad along a helix having 1-5 turns and a constant pitch, t. e.  the ratio of the shaft length to the helix pitch on its surface is -5.  The agitator can also be screw-shaped with a decreasing shaft spacing of 2j.  However, the known devices do not have heating, which does not ensure the drying of the soap grease during their use.  When the shaft with blades is made with an inclined arrangement of the container (necessary for intensive drying of the lubricant and ease of unloading), the lubricant particles are not evenly sized (with all the negative consequences outlined above), when the shaft is made in the form of an auger as it progresses along the auger.  The last 067 article increases the irregularity of lubricant particles, reduces the stability of its anti-friction efficiency, increases breakage, reduces the durability of the fiber and the performance of the equipment when dragging.  The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is a device that includes a means of external heating of the container at an angle to the horizontal plane, in the upper part of which a lubricant loading mechanism is located, and in the lower part of the container a mechanism for unloading lubricant is placed along the axis a drive shaft is installed with radially arranged on it one turn of the helix with a constant pitch blades.  The blades are evenly spaced along the shaft length: through r rad 3j.  Experiments have established that with the use of the known device for preparing dry technological lubricant for drawing as the prepared lubricant is unloaded from the container, the difference in the size of its particles increases (in particular, according to the law of geometric progression when drying a soap jet).  This can be explained by the fact that the fine fractions of the dried lubricant are collected (spilled) at the bottom of the tank, and the larger ones at the top.  The uniform arrangement of the blades along the shaft does not ensure the uniformity of lubricant particle size over its mass, the stability of its antifriction efficiency, increases the breakage of the wire, reduces the resistance of the fiber and the performance of the drawing mill in the process of drawing.  In addition, the uneven particle size of the lubricant. (t. e.  the presence of relatively large particles in the upper part of the tank requires an increase in the time of preparation of the lubricant for drawing.  The purpose of the invention is to increase the stability of the antifriction properties of the lubricant based on the mass by obtaining NIN particles of the same size and increasing the productivity of the lubricant preparation process.  . , /.  The goal is achieved.  the fact that in the device for preparing dry technological smaeki for drawing, which includes a tank equipped with external heating means located at an angle to the horizontal plane, in the upper part of which a lubricant loading mechanism is placed, and in the lower part of the container a lubricant unloading mechanism is placed a drive shaft is installed with radially fixed belt in, located on 1 5 turns of the helix, having a constant pitch on the shaft surface, distance along the shaft axis between the follower and forward blades performed with a successive decrease from the lower part of the shaft to the upper one according to where A is the distance along the shaft axis between the subsequent and previous blades; ,one. . .  - the number of each subsequent blade, counting from the initial (), located in the lower part of the shaft; L is the shaft length; t is the stepper line on the surface of the shaft along which the blades are fixed, and the width of the projection of the follower blade to the plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometrical axis of the blade is 1.05-1.10 times the distance of this blade and the previous blades .  The heating of the container is necessary to remove moisture from the prepared lubricant and its heat treatment.  The location of the container at an angle to the horizontal plane is due to the convenience and speed of loading and unloading lubricant.  The installation along the axis of the capacity of the drive shaft with radially fixed blades located on 1-5 turns of the helix, having a constant pitch on the shaft surface, is intended for intensive mixing and grinding of the entire mass of lubricant in the tank.  When the number of turns of the helix on the surface of the shaft (or, equivalently, the ratio of the shaft length to the helix pitch on its surface) is less than 1, a dynamic imbalance is observed | We have a blade blade when the shaft rotates, which degrades the device performance.  When the number of turns is more than 5 (other things being equal, for example, the length of the shaft), the design and maintenance of the device are complicated.  The displacement of the axis of each subsequent blade relative to the previous distance, the value of which successively decreases from the lower part of the shaft to the top, is necessary to compensate for the increase in the size of the lubricant particles from the lower part and capacity to the top.  A more frequent arrangement of the blades in the upper part of the shaft and the container contributes to achieving a more uniform size of the lubricant particles according to its mass,. as well as reducing the time of preparation of grease for drawing.  The same purpose is served by the inclined arrangement of the container (its upper part is heated more intensively due to the convection of heat).  Making blades with a projection width on a plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometrical axis of the respective blade equal to 1.05-1.10 distances along the shaft axis between the geometrical axes of the next and the previous blades ensures uniform mixing and grinding of the whole mass during rotation of the shaft lubricants (t e.  the blades are mutually overlapped in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tank). The blade with a width of rotation per plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometrical axis of the blade corresponding to the axis of the next and previous blades e provides less mixing and grinding of the lubricant mass at some point in time to the upper edge of the previous blade and the lower edge of the subsequent blade (counted from the lower part of the shaft), which reduces the uniformity of particle sizes, see linker and the stability of its antifriction efficiency.  The expansion of the blade with the width of the projection on the plane of the passage through the axis of the shaft and the axis of the corresponding blade, more than 1.10 the axial distance between the axes of the follower and the previous blade does not change the quality of the grinding of the mass of the blade that lies between the upper blade and the lower edge of the subsequent blade (counting from the lower part of the shaft).  In order to achieve an optimal particle size of the prepared lubricant, 0.1-2.0 mm, the first blade located on the helix must be separated from the original (zero), counting from the lower part of the shaft, by an angular distance r. . .  glad (this corresponds to 90-120).  2f More than j-rad, the angular distance between the first and initial blades (counting from the lower part of the shaft) does not provide particles of grease 2.0 mm or less in size, which impairs the stability of antifriction lubrication efficiency.  Less than r rad, the angular distance between the first and original blades is not reduced. - The size of smear particles is less than 0.1 mm and does not affect the stability of lubricant antifriction efficiency more.  The compensation of the increase in the size of the lubricant particles in the upper part of the tank over the required limits of 0.1-2.0 mm when the shaft rotates, the precursor blade located on the helix on the shaft surface must be separated from the latter (counting from the lower part of the shaft) angular r rad (which is the distance j 45 - 60).  Less than τ rad, the angular distance between the penultimate and the last blades leads to excessive grinding of lubricant particles in the upper part of the container compared to the rest of the lubricant mass.  This is accompanied by a decrease in particle size uniformity and stability of the lubricant's anti-friction efficiency.  A larger than r rad angular distance between the penultimate and the last blades does not fully compensate for the increase in the size of the lubricant particles in the upper part of the container.  This is accompanied by a decrease in the uniformity of the lubricant particles and the stability of its anti-friction efficiency.  By compensating for changes in the size of the lubricant particle size in height according to the law of geometric progression, it is necessary to shift each successive blade relative to the preceding variable, the distance A whose value along the shaft axis is determined from the following considerations.  The angular distance between the first () and initial blades (counted from the lower part of the shaft) is equal to (|) rad, the angular distance between the penultimate and the last |) radians, and the values of the total angular distance between the first () and the last blades is | v. -2 "b.  where L is the length of the shaft; t is the pitch of the helix on the shaft surface along which the loops are located. ti.  Then the denominator q of the geometric progression is determined by taking into account formula (2) from the expression ". . № |) - (1-11g  tda mi- / i 2.  4 and - T1 1 "- 1G tU-Tl with regard to expression (3) any member of the geometric progression, t. e.  The angular distance between any subsequent drpastu and the prefetch lpstp is determined by ooi-fi jt U-T: vM | . . . i) Ji fJt P4-t /.  If we consider a sweep line with an angle. lifting and stepping on the surface of the shaft of length L and ros R, then I9 trigonometric relations taking into account 5 times a (4) distance A is obtained, along the axis of the shaft any subsequent and previous blades are determined from Ratio (5) where R is the radius shaft, determined from the conditions of its strength.  A, VrtRW-Vn5f or n-liJl W h 2- K r jt Ji-fi l.  i U-3l.  from where oci-cl 2- t,. (|. 4Vt Mt-4) j Formulas (1) and (7) are identical. Then the width B, the projection of any paddle on the plane, proc is: o through the shaft axis and the geometrical axis of the blade, is determined by the formula of the invention .   (1.05-1.10) A or taking into account (7) Bj projects.  (0,263-0,367) fei-lT-f) t, (1 ir T-U-T).  A blade width can be calculated taking into account formula (8) and specifically the value of the angle that makes up the blade plane with the shaft axis.  The width Bg of the projection of the original () blade is determined from the obvious geometric relations |.   A - 2x ° 5-j2. 12 Bj Aj- | 4o, 95. . . 0.90); (0.95 ,. . 0.90) Bi, (9) where Aj is the distance along the shaft axis between the first and initial () blades; Bj is the width of the projection of the first blade on the plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometric axis of the first blade.  FIG.  1 is depicted. scheme of the device for the preparation of dry technological lubricant to the drawing, general view; in fig.  2 shows section A-A in FIG.  one; FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG.  one.   The device consists of a tank 1 heated from outside, the axis of which is with the horizontal plane an angle greater than zero (20-50).  In the upper part of the tank 1 there is a loading mechanism 2, which can be equipped with a device for pre-grinding and mixing of the initial components of the lubricant 3, which can be performed, for example, in the form of drive gears of a large (30-70 mm) module fixed in the bunker above the loading mechanism.  A drive shaft 4 is located along the axis of the tank with blades 5 fixed on it, the axes of which are directed radially to the shaft and are located along a helix having a constant pitch on the surface of the shaft 4 and providing a gap between their ends and the inner surface of the tank 1.  This gap can vary in size for the blade of the blade, depending on the properties of the lubricant components and the lubricant itself 3.  The axis of each subsequent blade 5 is shifted relative to the previous one by a distance, the value of which is successively decreasing from the lower part of the shaft 4.  to the top, and the width of each projection 5 on the plane, passing through the axis of the shaft 4 and the geometric blade 5, is 1.05-1.10 times along the axis of the shaft 4 between the axis and the next and previous lobes.  Minimum, maximum average value of the specified mix.  The ratios L of the blades relative to each other along the axis of the shaft are determined by the relation (1).  The width of the blades is 1.05-1.10 magnitude Hell.  In the lower part of the tank 1 is the mechanism 6 unloading the prepared lubricant.  To accelerate the preparation of the lubricant, the blade may have a hole.  the area of which is 0.5-0.8 of the area of the blade.  The shape of the hole can be limited by a broken or smooth closed line.  The fulfillment of a blade in a cadda, the area of which is less than 0.5 of the area of the blade, does not appear to accelerate the preparation of the lubricant.  The execution in each blade of the hole, the area of which is greater than 0, from the area of the blade, does not increase more the speed of preparation of the lubricant.  Placing metal bodies on the blades, for example, balls with a diameter of 2, the size of the gap between the face of the blade and the inner surface of the container so that bodies can move along the blade from the shaft to the inner surface of the container can be used to more intensively grind it. and mixing, as well as for cleaning the inner surface of the container from adhering lubricant particles.  The implementation of metal bodies, such as balls, with a diameter of less than 2 values of the gap between the end of the blade and the inner surface of the container leads to jamming of the masses in the specified gap.  Making metal bodies, on {fimer balls, with a diameter of more than 2.2 1) the gap between the end of the blade and the inner surface of the container does not increase the speed of grease preparation, does not improve the cleaning of the inner surface of the container from adhering lubricant particles, but increases the shock loads on the inner surface of the container, which impairs the service condition of the installation.  The device works as follows.  The components of the lubricant 3 are poured into an externally heated container 1. through a loading device 2 and a device for pre-grinding and mixing the lubricant components (if present).  The temperature inside the tank 1 is 60-180 ° C, depending on the required mode of drying (heat treatment) of the lubricant components 3.  The heating of the tank can be carried out by any coolant, for example, ocTpifl4 with steam or heated gas, passed through the hood of the tank 1, electrothermal elements, nozzles, etc. P.  The mixing and grinding of the components of the lubricant 3 in the tank 1 is carried out by the blades 5 while rotating the lubricant shaft 4 connected to the reversing drive to lift.  As a result of the force and heat effect on the components of the lubricant 3, it is uniformly and quickly ground to the height of the container 1.  The uniformity of the sizes of the lubricant particles is achieved due to the more frequent forceful influence on them in the upper part of the tank (where usually larger particles of the ground substance are collected) and more intensive heat treatment (due to heat convection).  Example.  Testing a model of an installation for preparing a dry technological lubricant for drawing. The model is a cylindrical container with a diameter of 400 mm, heated outside by thermal thermal elements, whose axis is inclined to the horizon at an angle of 30.  In the upper part of the tank there is a closing hatch, above which drive gears are located, which are in engagement, the module of which is equal to 20. mm  In the lower part of the tank there is a locking hatch.  Along the axis of the tank, there is a drive shaft of 600 mm from the electric motor with blades located along a helical line on the shaft surface, the pitch of which is 400 mm.  Changing the location of the blades along the shaft is achieved by mounting them on bushings mounted on the shaft, the internal diameter of which is equal to 0.2 mm.  The sleeves are fastened to the shaft by tightening bolts that are threaded into the sleeves radially to.  The blades are located in a plane passing through the geometrical axis of the blade and the axis of the shaft.  The width of their projection onto this plane is equal to 1.0–1.20 distance between each axis of the successive blades on the shaft.  Using the proposed installation, two types of lubricants with an initial moisture content of 4% in the amount of 35 kg are prepared for drawing: soap powder from 1 a1 shny shavings according to PCT USSR 496-72, and also heat treated soap mixture, with lime (according to ed.  St.  USSR 924092).  In the first. In this case, the temperature in the tank is maintained at a level.  In the second, the temperature regime of preparation is determined by the author. St. USSR; No. 924092: heating to a temperature of 80 C for 0.5 h, then increasing the temperature of the filter to within 2 h.  Further, if necessary, the lubricant is dried.  Drying with agitation and grinding of the lubricant is carried out to its moisture content of 0.5%.  In the experiments, a uniform arrangement of the blades on the helix with an angular distance between them happy and linear to the axis of the shaft of 100 mm and uneven, obeying the law of geometric progression, g and expression (1), is realized.  In the first case, blades with a projection width of 100 mm are used, in the second case - 1.0; 1.05; 1.07; 1.10; 1.20 distances per liter with blades measured along axis a.  The tested combinations are abl.  one.  Table 1 The width of the projection of the original (p) part is determined by the relation (9). A1-0.92V | In accordance with the data table. 1 etani of the linear dimensions of the location of the blades on the flange and the width of their sections when testing the proposed solution are presented in Table.  2  Table 2

90

ABOUT

120

13

1123753

32

27

28

ten

23

24

20

eleven

22

18

12

18

13

15

42

38

35 30

32

27

25 22

23 20

20 17 14

18 15 13 In the experiments, the time when the moisture content of the installation reached 0.5% was determined in the experiments (in this case, to determine the moisture content, the lubrication samples taken / in the installation are heated while in the drying cabinet until they reach a constant mass); The average particle size of the dried lubricant at the beginning of its discharge from the reactor, in the middle of the discharge and at the end (by examining the samples of the lubricant under a microscope). This parameter indicates that the lubricant particles are uniform in the height of the container. Next, the resulting grease is used when pulling the cable diameter

14 Continuation of table 2

142

135

133

127

120

126

112

118

106

111

106

106 6.5 mm to a final size of 5.5 mm. Wire insertion is performed on a 1/530 Kratos mill at a speed of 3 m / s. The stability of the lubricant's anti-friction efficiency is judged by the magnitude of the dragging P measured by the special tensor and the coefficient of variation C, which is defined by the formula C 5 100%, where is the average square deviation of the dragging force. The results are presented in Table. 3

17

Experimental data suggests that, with the blades spreading evenly along the shaft length, fluctuations in the sizes of the prepared lubricants along the shaft length make up 87% of the average value and follow the law of geometric progression, which is accompanied by a change in the drag force by 11-t3. 2%. The successive decrease in the distance between the blades along the shaft length, in particular, according to the law of geometric propagation (see formula (1) and their width in tfedelyah 1.05-1.10 of the specified distance is generated by a significantly larger uniformity of particle sizes along the shaft length : 5-14%, which determines the change in dragging force by 4.9-7.6, i.e., the stability of the antifriction efficiency of a lubricant prepared in

53 .18

the proposed installation rises 1.5-2.7 times. At the same time, the preparation time of the lubricant is reduced by 1.12, 6 times compared with the known

the device, and lubricant particle size variations are reduced by 6,217 times.

Reducing the width of the blades projection less than 1.05 distances between the blades of the blades (along the shaft axis) significantly increases the irregularity of lubricant particle sizes and the coefficient of variation of the dragging force and increases the preparation time of the lubricant. An increase in the width of the projection of the blades of more than 1.10 distances between the blades (along the shaft axis) practically does not change the instability of lubricant particle sizes, the coefficient of variation of the drag force

and preparation time for drawing grease.

555

/

Oirioie l aaonefW (M

Claims (1)

DEVICE FOR PREPARING DRY TECHNOLOGICAL LUBRICATION FOR DRAGING, containing means for external heating of the container, located at an angle to the horizontal plane, in the upper part of which the lubricant loading mechanism is located, and in the lower part of the container there is a lubricant unloading mechanism, a shaft * with radially installed shaft fixed by “blades located on 1-5 turns of a helical line having a constant wag on the shaft surface, characterized in that, in order to increase the stability of the antifriction properties of the lubricant based on and by obtaining a uniform particle size and improved performance smaeki preparation process, the distance between the axis of the shaft and the previous subsequent blades configured with consequent reduction of the bottom of the shaft to the top depending on where A _f - distance between the axis of the shaft and the previous subsequent blades; L is the length of the shaft; t is the pitch of the helix on the shaft surface, along which the blades are fixed; fl ^s <, 2,3 ... is the number of each subsequent blade, counting from the original 01 ^ 0) located in the lower part of the shaft, and the width of the projection of each after the blowing blade on a plane passing through the shaft axis and the geometric axis of the blade is 1.05-1.10 distance between this and previous blades.