SU1062763A1 - Device for displaying statistical characteristics of object onto crt screen - Google Patents

Abstract

DEVICE FOR DISPLAY OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OBJECT TO luminescence screens cathode ray tube (CRT), comprising a clock generator, connected in series down counter, the first counter, the control unit klyuchgiii, first key block and deflection amplifier coordinate Y series connected second key unit, and X-coordinate deviation amplifier, serially connected digital-to-analog converter, measuring voltage generation unit and measuring element, forming unit Ideal {1tipikatora coordinates, scale shaping unit, adjustable voltage source, differential amplifier, frame generator and constant voltage source, the output of the key management unit connected to the input, house of the second key block, input digital-analog converter the output of the reversible counter, and the output - with the inputs of the coordinate identifier block and the first and second blocks of keys; the first | And the second outputs of the variable voltage source are connected respectively to the first and The first inputs of the frame forming unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first key block, and the second output with the departure of the second key block, the third and fourth outputs of the variable voltage source, are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the scale generating unit, the first output of which connected to the input of the first key block, and the second output to the input of the second key block; the fifth output of the source of adjustable voltage is connected to the first input of the unit forming the origin of the identifier and to the input The first key block, the sixth output of the adjustable voltage source § is connected to the second input of the formation unit of the identifier and coordinates and to the input of the second key block, the first output of the generating unit of the origin identifier is connected to the input of the first key block, and the second output to the input of the second block the keys, the outputs of the DC voltage source are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first 3 fO and second key blocks, the output of the measuring voltage shaping unit is connected to the first differential input A special amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first X key block, measuring output: the element is connected to the second input of the differential amplifier, the input of the second key block and the input of the analyzed object, characterized in that, in order to increase the speed, a second counter is entered into it, which is connected to the output of the clock pulse generator, and the transfer output is connected to the input of the reversible counter and to the third input of the scale forming unit, the remote / regular outputs of the second counter are connected to the inputs of the control unit Aleni (kgaochgii.

Description

The invention relates to computational and instrumentation technology and can be used for visual observation of input / transfer and output characteristics of linear and digital electronic circuits of a potential type on a screen of a cathode ray tube (CRT),. A device for visual observation of static characteristics of potential type circuits is known. containing a measuring voltage shaping circuit, a measuring resistor, analog switches, a key management device, vertical and horizontal deflection and CRT lj.

A disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy of determining the static characteristics of the studied circuits due to the influence of the cathode ray tube (barrel shape) and the drift of vertical and horizontal deflection amplifiers, .1, -.

The closest to the present invention is a device for displaying the static characteristics of an object on the screen of a cathode ray tube containing a clock pulse generator, a reversible binary counter, the input of which is connected by the first input of a scale generator, the output of the reverse is connected to the input of a binary counter, and the bit outputs are connected to the inputs of the first digital-to-analog converter, the outputs of the bits of the binary counter are connected to the inputs of the key management unit, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the first and second key blocks, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of summing amplifiers of vertical and horizontal deviation, the formation circuit of the measuring voltage whose input is connected to the output of the first digital-to-analog converter, the input of the unit forming the origin of the coordinates and the corresponding inputs of the first and second key blocks, and the output is connected to the first output of the measuring element and to the first input of the differential amplifier, the second input of which connected to the second output of the measuring element, to the input of the analyzed object and to the corresponding input of the second key block, and the output connected to the corresponding input of the first key block, the outputs of the block, the formation of the coordinate identifier are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first and second key blocks, the forming block frame, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the source is regulated; The third and fourth outputs of which are connected to the second and third inputs of the scale forming unit, respectively, the first and second outputs of the scale forming unit and the frame of the reference frame formation are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first and second blocks of the second 2.

The device also contains a code converter, the inputs of which are; connected to the outputs of the bits of the binary counter and the outputs are connected 5 to the digital inputs of the second digital-analog converter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the first and second key blocks. The output of the clock pulse generator is connected to the input of the reversible binary counter and the first input of the scale generation unit.

Grid and device scales are used to determine the parameters of the 5 characteristics of the studied circuits. With the help of a frame it is possible to make a precise measurement of the coordinates of any point of the characteristic under study. For this, the operator, changing with the help of appropriate voltage potentiometers at the output of the source of adjustable voltages, combines the reference point with this point and then reads the corresponding values from the voltmeters connected to the outputs of the source of adjustable voltages.

During operation of the device, each fragment of the frame observed on the CRT screen (one line, grid, scale, etc.) is displayed sequentially in time.

The display time of each fragment is determined by the duration of the binary counter clock cycle. The number of image fragments can be found from the expression.

, iL.Ji,

  .U

irNcj II

Ik i

0 where

frame frequency; the frequency of the pulses fed to the input of the reversible binary counter; Nc2 volume reverse binary counter.

For example, with i 30 Hz, i 200 kHz and p. 1024, we get Vm s 6, which is not enough to display the necessary overhead information. In order to increase the number of displayed fragments, it is necessary to decrease (.c i HCJ or increase). The lower bound of frequency i lies at the level of 30-50 Hz and is due to the minimal frame frequency at which the human eye still does not notice the flashing frame. Therefore, i (i cannot be reduced below 30 Hz. Reducing the capacitance of the NCJ counter will lead to deterioration of image quality. On the other hand, an increase in frequency {requires the use of a digital-to-analog converter with improved speed, which leads to an increase in the cost of the device as a whole. Disadvantage of the device is limited display speed information and, as a result, a limited amount of displayed information. The aim of the invention is to increase the speed of the device. displaying the statistical characteristics of a volume on a screen of an electron-beam tube containing a clock pulse generator, a series-connected reversible counter, a first counter, a key management unit, a first key block, and a deflection amplifier in the Y coordinate, a successively connected second key block, and a deviation amplifier on coordinate X, serially connected digital-analog converter unit for forming a measuring unit for a yarn and measuring element, unit forming an identifier for an hour Ala coordinates, a scale shaping unit, a variable voltage source, a differential amplifier, a frame shaping unit and a constant voltage source, the output of the key management unit. is connected to the input of the second key block, the input of the D / A converter is connected to the output of the reversible counter, and output - from the input of the block of the identifier of the beginning of the coordinates and the first and second blocks of the key; the first and second outputs of the source of the regulated voltage are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the block A reference point whose first output is connected to the input of the first key block, and the second output to the input of the second key block, the third and fourth outputs of the source of adjustable voltages are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the scale generation unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first block the keys and the second output are from the inputs of the second key block, the fifth output of the source of the adjustable voltage is connected to the first input of the block forming the origin identifier and to the input of the first, key block, the sixth output The variable voltage source is connected to the second input of the unit for forming the identifier of the origin of the coordinates and to the input of the receptacle. the key block, the first output of the identifier of origin of origin is connected to the input of the first key block, the second output to the second key block, eleven outputs of the constant voltage source are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first and second key blocks, the output of the measuring unit voltage is connected to the first input of a differential amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first key block, the output of the measuring element is connected to the second Eq. of the differential amplifier The second counter is inputted to the input of the second key block and the input of the object being analyzed. Its input is connected to the output of the clock generator, and the transfer output is connected to the reversing / counter input and to the third input of the scale generator, the second outputs of the second counter are connected to the inputs of the control unit keys. 1 shows a block diagram of the device; Fig. 2 shows time diagrams of voltages acting on deflection plates of a CRT; Fig. 3 shows temporary operation patterns of the key management unit; figure 4 is a picture formed by an electron beam on a CRT screen. The block diagram of the device (FIG.) Contains a clock pulse generator 1, a digital-to-analog converter 2, a source of 3 adjustable voltages, a second counter 4, a unit for generating the origin of identifier 5, a scale forming unit b, a reversing counter 7, a forming unit 8 measuring voltage, measuring element 9, differential amplifier 10, rapper forming unit 11, constant voltage source 12, first counter 13, analysis of the fourth item 14, key control unit 15, first key block 16, second key 17Silicon 18 deviations along the Y coordinate, amplifier 19 deviations. According to the Coordinate K. The output of the generator 1 of clock pulses is connected to the input of the second counter 4, The output of the transfer of the counter; ka 4 is connected to the input of the reversing counter 7 and the first input of the block 6 forming achals the counter 4 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the key control unit 15. The output of the reversing reverse of the dual sensor 7 is connected to the input of the first dioic counter 13, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the key management unit 15. The outputs of the bits of the reversible counter 7 are connected respectively to the inputs of the D / A converter 2, the output of which is connected to the first input of the coordinate identifier forming unit 5, the input of the measuring voltage forming unit and the corresponding inputs of the first 16 and second 17 key blocks. The output of the unit 8 of the measuring voltage is connected to the first input of the differential amplifier 10 and to the first output of the measuring element 9, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the differential amplifier 10, to the input of the object 14, and to the corresponding input of the second block 17 of keys. The output of the differential amplifier 10 is connected to the corresponding input of the first block of 16 keys. The first and second outputs of the source 3, adjustable voltages are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the frame 11, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first 16 and second 17 key blocks. The fifth and sixth outputs of source 3 are connected, respectively, to the second and third inputs of the formation unit 5 of the origin identifier, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first 16 and second 17 key blocks. The outputs of the constant voltage source 12 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first 16 and second 17 key blocks. The outputs of the control unit 15 are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the first 16 and second 17 key blocks, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the amplitude 18 deviations along the Y coordinate and the amplifier 19 deviations along the X coordinate. The device works as follows. The clock pulses from the generator 1 are fed to the input of the second counter 4. Counter 4 operates in the counting + mode with a natural change of states, changing them from O to 2-1, where k is the number of digit bits of the count 4. The transfer signal of the counter 4 is fed to the input reversible counter 7, which counts in account mode + from O to, and then in counter mode from to O, etc., where AND is the number of bits of the reversible binary counter 7. The reverse signal from the reversible counter 7 is fed to the input of the first counter 13, which works in mode, counting with a natural change of state, changes from O to x; 2-1, where LV is the number of bits of the counter 13. Since the outputs of the bits of the reversible binary counter 7 are connected to the digital inputs of the digital-analog converter -2, then from the output of the latter one can get a saw-tooth voltage varying symmetrically relative to the ground potential ( total points of the device). This voltage has the form shown, for example, at the beginning of the time diagram of the signal Y (Fig. 2). To implement the function of shifting the origin of the image to any point on the screen, it is necessary that the amplitude of the sawtooth voltage be twice as large as the voltage corresponding to the displacement of the beam on the edge of the CRT screen. The key control unit 15 is pre-assigned to generate control signals for the key blocks 16 and 17. Since the type of control signals is determined by the specific implementation of the device, let us consider the design of the device that forms the picture shown in FIG. 4 on the CRT screen. The picture (Fig. 4) contains zero coordinate lines 20 passing through the origin; grid line 21; vertical scale 22, horizontal scale 23j, a bright point 24 corresponding to the origin; the bright cross 25 (the bright point 24 and the cross 25 form the identifier of the origin of coordinates); frame 26, formed in the form of a circle with a variable radius; observable characteristic 27, in this case, the characteristic of a typical TTL element. In order to form a picture (Fig. 4), the key management unit 15 must generate a sequence of control pulses UI1 to UI35, which are fed to the corresponding inputs of the blocks 16 and 17 of the keys (Fig. 1). The key management unit 15 is made, for example, in the form of a combination circuit with six input variables, of which four come from the bits of the second binary counter 4, and two from the outputs of the bits of the first binary counter 13, or by means of a programmable memory EPROM and etc. The signals UI34 and UI35 can be represented as follows: UI34 UI18 Y UI19 V UI32 UI35: UI15 V Ui17 V UI18 and are implemented using a combinational circuit (V is the disjunction sign).

The VCD is formed using a decoder according to the structure determined by the required brightness and the number of observable characteristics of the object

Consider in detail the formation of the picture (figure 4).

During the period of operation of the cycle O of the counter 13 (Fig. 2 and 3), the key control unit 15 generates control pulses UI1, UI4 ,,..., UI16. Pulse U1 opens the corresponding key of the key 16 and the output of the digital-analog converter 2 is connected to the input of the amplifier 18 deviation of the coordinate 4 through the open analog key, therefore the linear voltage and the voltage will act on the vertical-deflecting plates (the signal in FIG. 2).

The key block 17, in the period of the action O of the counter 4, is controlled by pulses UI4, ..., UI16 (FIG. 3a). At the same time, the input of the amplifier 19 deviations along the X coordinate through the corresponding open analog switches will alternately supply voltages from the outputs of a source of 12 constant voltages (period of validity UI4, ..., UI14), voltage from the sixth output of a source of 3 regulated voltages (the period of action of UI15) and the voltage from the second output of block 6 of the formation (during the period of action of UI16).

Since each control impulse from among UI4, ..., UI16 is formed on the cycle O of the counter 13, the oscillogram of the voltage on the horizontal deflection plates of the CRT will look like the one shown in figure 2 for the signal X on the cycle 0.

In reality, the waveform of signal X on the cycle O consists of dashed lines, however, due to the large number of lines, each line is represented by the operator as a solid line, the brightness of which is 16 times less than the oscillogram of the sawtooth voltage acting on vertical-deflecting CRT plates ( the signal on the cycle 0). As a result of joint action on the deflection plates of a CRT on its screen at the step O, the beam draws eleven vertical lines of the coordinate grid, a vertical centerline passing through the origin and a vertical scale (Fig. 4).

For the sake of clarity, figure 4 shows a case where the origin of coordinates does not coincide with any of the grid nodes. In practice, for convenience of observation, the origin of coordinates is combined with one of the grid nodes. With axt, the axial lines passing through the origin of coordinates have a brightness of twice the brightness of grid lines. So

as the duration of the pulse UI16 is two times longer than the duration of the pulses UI1, ..., UI15 (Fig. 3a), the brightness of the scale will be twice as high as the brightness of the grid lines.

During the period of operation of the clock 1 of the counter 13, the key management unit 1b forms UI17, ..., UI2O (Fig. 36).

During the formation of UI17, to the input of the CRT, a voltage is applied from the first output of the unit 5 to the formation of the origin identifier through the corresponding open analog key. At the same time, input 1 is supplied with voltage from the sixth output of source 3, corresponding to the offset of the origin of coordinates along the axis.

The unit of origin of the identifier of the origin of coordinates contains a voltage divider, the input of which receives a sawtooth voltage from the output of the DAC12 and two adders, one input of which receives the voltage from the output of the voltage divider, and the other inputs, respectively, of the voltage from the sixth and seventh outputs source of 3 voltages corresponding to the offset of the origin of coordinates vertically and horizontally. The outputs of the adders are the outputs of block 5. As a result of joint operation of jumps on the deflecting plates of the CRT during the formation of the signal UI17, the control unit 15 displays a vertical cross line identifying the origin of coordinates on the screen (Fig. 4).

During the period of effect of the signal UI18 to the input of the amplifier 18 through the corresponding public key is fed to the i-pin from the fifth output of source 3, to the input of the amplifier 19 - the voltage from the sixth output of source 3.

As a result of the joint action of voltages from the outputs of amplifiers 18 and 19 on the deflection plates of a CRT, the beam draws on the screen a bright point the center of the identifier of the origin of coordinates.

During the period of effect of the signal UI19, the input of the amplifier 18 through the corresponding public key of the key block 16 is supplied with voltage from the fifth output of source 3, and the input of the amplifier 19 is supplied with voltage from the second output of unit 5 of formation of the origin identifier. At the same time, a horizontal cross line is displayed on the CRT screen.

During the period of effect of the signal UI20, the input of the amplifier 18 is supplied from the first output of the block 11 for forming the frame, and to the input of the amplifier 19 - the voltage from the second output of the block 11. The block for forming the frame consists of a sine-cosine generator with adjustable amplitude of signals and two adders .

the first inputs of which, respectively, receive sinusoidal and cosine signals from the output of the signal generator, and the second inputs respectively of the voltage from the first and second outputs of source 3, which correspond to the reference frame offset along the coordinate axis ;. The outputs of the adders are respectively the first and second outputs of block 11. Since the duration of the pulses is 1UI17, ..., UI20 is three times longer than the length of the pulse of the pulse of UI14, the brightness of the identifier of the origin and the reference frame is three times the brightness of the grid lines ..

In cycle 2 of operation of the counter 1, the key management unit 15 generates pulses UI21, ..., DPS. In this case, the formation of voltages on the deflection plates of a CRT occurs roughly the tact O, with the only difference being that signals are now being input to the H CRT, which were fed in tact O to the input X of the CRT, and vice versa. Therefore, in step 2 of counter 13, horizontal grid lines are displayed on the screen, a horizontal centerline passing through the origin and a horizontal scale.

At cycle 3 of operation of the counter 13, the control pulse of the VIZ opens the corresponding analog switches and the device forms a characteristic of the analyzed circuit on the CRT screen, since it does not. horizontally deflecting plates of a CRT act on a voltage proportional to the input voltage of the circuit being analyzed, and on a vertically deflecting plates a voltage proportional to the input current of the circuit being analyzed. " the control pulse of the VIZ is implemented on the decoders according to the structure defined by the required brightness and 5 number of observed characteristics.

Static characteristic of analysis. schema can be observed for

two states of the circuit, for example, input 0 on the characteristic of element 2I-NOT, when the second input has an O level, or an output characteristic for the O output states, or 1 at the output

5, etc.

Since the observed characteristic is given a whole cycle of operation of the counter 13, four different characteristics can be observed at the same time, the brightness of which is 4 times the brightness of the grid lines. For example, one can observe the output characteristics of a transistor at four base current values.

Thus, during each cycle of operation of the first counter 13 on the screen of a CRT, up to 2 picture fragments can be displayed (k is the binary counter size 4), i.e. the amount of information displayed increases by 0 by 2 times compared with the prototype. It is practically possible to set the value of K from 1 to 4 without noticeable quality deterioration and image. .

The invention allows to increase

5 speed of displaying the static characteristics of an object and thereby increasing the accuracy of their determination. .

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Claims (1)

DEVICE FOR DISPLAYING THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OBJECT ON THE ELECTRON BEAM TUBE (CRT) SCREEN, containing a clock pulse generator, a reversible counter, a first counter, a key control unit, a first block of keys and a deviation amplifier along the second coordinate unit, and a series-connected amplifier, deviations along the X coordinate, Serially connected digital-to-analog converter, measuring voltage generating unit and measuring element, ide forming unit coordinate origin modifier, scale forming unit, adjustable voltage source, differential amplifier, rapper forming unit and constant voltage source, the output of the key control unit is connected to the input, the house of the second key unit, the input of the digital-to-analog converter is connected to the output of the reversible counter, and the output - with the inputs of the origin identifier block and the first and second blocks of keys, the first and second outputs of the adjustable voltage source are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the block the formation of a benchmark, the first output of which is connected to the input of the first, first block of keys, and the second output with the input of the second block of keys, the third and fourth outputs of the adjustable voltage source are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the scale forming block, the first output of which is connected to the input the first block of keys, and the second output with the input of the second block of keys, the fifth output of the adjustable voltage source is connected to the first input of the block forming the identifier of the origin and with the input of the first block of keys, sixth the first output of the adjustable voltage source is connected to the second input of the origin coordinate identification block and to the input of the second key block, the first output of the coordinate origin identification block is connected to the input of the first key block, and the second output is to the input of the second key block, the outputs of the constant voltage source are connected with the corresponding inputs of the first and second blocks of keys, the output of the measuring voltage generating unit is connected to the first input of the differential amplifier, the output of which is It is connected to the input of the first block of keys, the output of the measuring element is connected to the second input of the differential amplifier, the input of the second block of keys and the input of the analyzed object, which requires that, in order to improve performance, a second a counter, the input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator, and the transfer output - with the input of the reverse counter and with the third input of the scale forming unit, the output / output of the second counter is connected to the inputs of the control unit I by keys. SU „, 1062763