SU1062250A1 - Distillation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE FOR DISTILLATION, mainly for deodorization of fats and oils, containing a vertical body with a bundle of vertical pipes, mounted in the upper and lower pipe boards, attached to the case, with the pipe sections protruding above the upper board, have perforated nozzles, characterized in that In order to intensify the process and improve the quality of the product by providing a uniform film with low irrigation density, the nozzles are made with an inner conical surface under the coal of 7-9 ° C. to the vertical axis, d and perforations - in their lower part. S (l

Description

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o The invention is intended for use in the oil and fat industry and relates to devices for deodorizing fats and oils. The main purpose of deodorization is the maximum removal of substances that cause the taste and smell of fats. Deodorization of fats practically proceeds in three stages: evaporation of volatile components from the surface of the monomolecular layer, diffusion of molecules of volatile substances from the depth of the layers to the surface, removal of particles ij separated from the surface. The speed of these processes is not the same, and the smallest of them takes place during the diffusion of molecules. To reduce the duration of diffusion and the whole deodorization process in general, it is advisable to use film-type apparatuses that ensure the most complete contact of the processed fat with water vapor with low hydraulic resistance and a developed phase contact surface. It was established experimentally that in order to ensure successful deodorization of fats, the density of irrigation of the surface contacting it with steam must be within 0.55-1 m / h / which meets the Reynolds criterion (550-1000) and film thickness up to 0.5 m. to ensure the continuity of the liquid film with its minimum thickness. A large number of tubular film-type mass transfer apparatus with various constructions are known to be fitted with elements to ensure the distribution of liquid on the inner surface: slots and slots of various shapes at the upper ends of pipes, nozzles, inserts, liners, etc. 2. Closest to the proposed technical entity is a device for distillation, containing a vertical body with a bundle of vertical pipes, mounted in the upper and lower tube sheets attached to the body. The liquid flows along the inner surfaces of the pipes into the lower part of the apparatus and, with the help of a pump, pumps it over to the upper tube plate for re-distillation. The liquid and vapor released from it in the lower part of the apparatus are moving in countercurrent. To distribute the liquid, the pipe section protruding above the top board has perforated nozzles with a tangential direction. H However, the known devices do not provide a uniform film at low irrigation planes, which is necessary for high-quality deodorization of fats and oils. Thus, the irrigation density for most devices of the specified type ranges from 2.7 to 5.3 m / h (Reynolds test 2700-5300). In order to provide the required irrigation density when using this device, it is recommended to almost tenfold increase the flow of fluid into the pipes compared to the amount removed during the evaporation process, and repeated recycling of it is provided. The low quality of the device is not sufficient, because the design of the device is not allows operation at low irrigation density, i.e. with a thin film, as well as low productivity and an increase in processing time under high temperature conditions. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the process and improve the quality of the product by providing a uniform film at LOW irrigation density. The 4a target is indicated by the fact that in a distillation apparatus comprising a vertical body with a bundle of vertical pipes mounted into the upper and lower tube sheets attached to the body, the pipe sections protruding above the upper board have perforated nozzles, nozzles made with an internal conical surface at an angle to the vertical axis, and perforations in their lower part. Fig, 1 shows the proposed device, a General view, in section; in fig. 2 - nozzles, cut. The device for the deodorization of fats and oils consists of body 1, cover 2, upper fat distributor 3, a bundle of vertical pipes 4, mounted into the upper tube plate 5, herthetically fixed in the housing 1. The bottom tube plate 6, which is not sealed, serves to maintain verticality pipes. The pipe sections protruding above the upper tube plate 5 are provided with nozzles 7 with perforation 8 near the larger base. The inner surface 9 of the nozzle 7 is made with a taper angle of 7-9. The operation of the device is carried out in the following manner. Through the nozzle 10, through the distributor 3, the fat, preheated to the required deodorization temperature, enters the upper tube plate 5. The fat forms a layer on the upper tube plate 5 and through the perforations 8 of the nozzles 7 enters the inner surface 9 of the tubes 4, wetting them

continuous liquid film flowing down the entire surface of each pipe into the container.

Dry, hot steam through the nozzles 11 of the injectors located in the lower container enters the pipes 4 and moves in countercurrent to the steaming fluid.

The vapor-volatile mixture: i is withdrawn from the device into the vacuum system, and the deodorized fat is discharged through the nozzle.

The limits of the taper angle on a special stand by testing distribution cones with different taper angles, the same number and size of the slits for a given irrigation density (up to 1)

The flow of fluid over the surface in the form of jets

The same, but in some places the jets converged

The outflow of the liquid is finely wavy, continuous film

Also

Table continuation

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In the upper part of the pipes (along the perimeter) there is a noticeable some quenching of the fluid layer.

eleven

The separation of the liquid from the pipe surface and its outflow in separate jets with separation from the surface are noticeable.

As can be seen from the Tables, the taper angle of the nozzle from 7 to 9 with an irrigation density of up to 1 m / Mch provides

0 continuous separation of fat into a continuous film on the inner surface of a vertical pipe.

The invention makes it possible to obtain high-quality deodorate by ensuring uniform inner surface irrigation at an irrigation density of not more than 1 hour. This creates a thin continuous film that improves the mass transfer between the liquid and gas phases and increases the efficiency of distillation of volatile substances causing the taste and smell of the products. .

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FIG. 2

Claims (1)

1. DEVICE FOR DISTILLATION, mainly for deodorization of fats and oils, containing a vertical body with a bunch of vertical pipes mounted in the upper and lower tube boards attached to the body, while the pipe sections protruding above the upper board have perforated nozzles, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process and improve the quality of the product by ensuring a uniform film at low irrigation density, the nozzles are made with an inner conical surface at an angle of 7-9 ° to the vertical axis, _about perforation - in their lower part. 8