SU1028522A1 - Apparatus for cooling and controlling temperature of polymeric material processed by an extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE FOR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE PROCESSED POLYMER MATERIAL EXTRUDER, containing an evaporation chamber installed on the extruder cylinder, a temperature sensor, an intake pipe and heaters, which are designed to increase the efficiency of an extruder, for example, due to an account accuracy of adjusting the temperature of the recycled polymeric material; it is equipped with a cooling jacket mounted on the extruder cylinder pits and slots and a chute installed in the lower part of the cooling jacket with capillary grooves, a pressure regulator installed at the outlet of the evaporation chamber, an evaporator with a refrigerant level regulator, a steam heater with a chamber and a coil connected to the chamber of the steam heater for the suction steam tank pipeline and a compressor connected by a pressure stage to the chamber of the steam heater, the condenser being designed as a chamber with a coil, between which a pressure choke is installed no. gz

Description

2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to evenly distribute the refrigerant, the evaporator is mounted above the cooling jacket and provided with sloping plates with slots, and the sloping edges of the cooling jacket are made in a checkerboard pattern.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of controlling the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber, the pressure regulator is designed as a hermetically mounted in the stator housing and placed in it a rotor, on the axis of which a razor arm is mounted.

4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that. that, in order to increase the accuracy of measurement and temperature control, the temperature sensor body is partly of its length provided with a layer of heat insulating material and installed in a slot made in the extruder cylinder, with a crescent-shaped groove in the outlet of the slot.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the dimensions of the extruder, the evaporation chamber and the condenser are mounted in one housing and separated by a heat insulating partition, and the refrigerant level controller is connected to the evaporator by pipeline.

one

The invention relates to the processing of plastics, and can be used in extruders and other machines for the processing of polymers.

A device for cooling and controlling the temperature of a polymer material processed in an extruder is known, which comprises a cylinder, a steam heater and a device for water cooling 1.

The known design of the device does not allow to avoid the danger of overheating of the thermoplastic material due to the low efficiency of heat removal from the processed material, which leads to a decrease in the quality of products.

The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for cooling and controlling the temperature of a polymer material processed in an extruder, containing a condenser chamber mounted on an extruder barrel, a condenser, a temperature sensor, a suction pipe and heaters. In this device, the heating is carried out from electric heaters, and the cooling is carried out with steam. To control the temperature, cold water is supplied to the condenser jacket through a shut-off electromagnetic valve controlled by a temperature sensor of the corresponding zone of the extruder 2.

The disadvantage of such a device is the non-intensive heat removal from the polymer material being processed, which leads to a drop in the extruder's performance and deterioration in the quality of products due to overheating of the thermoplastic material.

masses. In addition, cooling requires a large amount of running water, causes corrosion of heat exchangers and their contamination, which also leads to a decrease in heat removal.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the extruder due to the intensification of heat removal and increase the accuracy of temperature control of the processed polymer material.

This goal is achieved in that a device for cooling and controlling the temperature of a polymer material processed in an extruder, comprising an evaporation chamber mounted on an extruder cylinder, a condenser, a temperature sensor, a suction pipe and heaters according to the invention, is equipped with a cooling jacket with inclined ribs mounted on the extruder cylinder slots and a chute mounted at the bottom of the cooling jacket with capillary grooves, a pressure regulator installed At the outlet of the evaporation chamber, an evaporator with a refrigerant level regulator, a steam heater with a chamber and a coil connected to a steam heater chamber with a steam jacket for the suction pipe and a compressor connected to the steam heater chamber, the condenser being made in the form of a coil chamber between which pressure choke.

In addition, in order to evenly distribute the refrigerant, the evaporator is mounted above the cooling jacket and provided with sloping plates with slots, and the sloping edges of the cooling jacket are shaped like a bowl with slots arranged in a checkerboard pattern. In order to increase the accuracy of steam pressure regulation in the evaporation chamber, the pressure regulator is designed as a rotor mounted in a stator housing and placed inside it, with an equal arm installed on its axis. In order to improve the accuracy of measurement and temperature control, the temperature sensor body is partly of its length provided with a layer of heat insulating material and installed in a slot made in the extruder barrel, where a sickle-shaped groove is made at the exit point of the socket. In order to reduce the dimensions of the extruder, the evaporator chamber and the condenser are mounted in one housing and separated by a heat insulating partition, and the refrigerant level regulator is connected by pipeline to the evaporator. FIG. I shows a diagram of an apparatus for cooling and controlling the temperature of a polymer material processed in an extruder; in fig. 2 - evaporator, evaporator chamber and refrigerant level regulator; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 — pressure regulator; in fig. 5 is a section BB in FIG. four; in fig. 6 - temperature sensor; in fig. 7 is a section bb of FIG. 6; in fig. 8 is a diagram of an apparatus for cooling and controlling the temperature of a material to be processed, an extruder equipped with a mixer. A device for cooling and controlling the temperature of the polymer material processed in an extruder contains an extruder with a cylinder 1. The extruder has loading zones 2, kneading 3, extruding 4 and a die 5 (Fig. 1). A cooling jacket 6 with inclined ribs 7 with slots for coolant drain is installed on the extruder cylinder 1 (Fig. 2). In the upper part of the cooling jacket 6, two ribs are installed so that they form a bowl. To the lower part of the cooling jacket 6, the chute 8 is tightly mounted, having capillary grooves 9 on its inner surface (Fig. 3). Concentric to the cooling jacket 6, an evaporator chamber 10 is installed. On top of the cooling jacket 6, an evaporator 11 is mounted with inclined plates 12 located inside it and a spray tube 13, through which refrigerant is supplied when the level regulator valve 14 is opened under the action of the float 15. At the bottom of the cooling jacket 6 holes 16 are made for refrigerant flow. Each circulation circuit of the heating-cooling system (Fig. 1) consists of a chamber-section 17 with an electric heater 18, an evaporation chamber 10. an evaporator 11, a pressure regulator 19, a gauge-capacitance sensor 20, an electronic measuring and regulating device 21, thermoelectric temperature sensor 22, suction 23 and discharge 24 pipelines. The suction pipe is equipped with a steam jacket 25 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) and connected to the steam heater chamber 26 27. The suction pipeline is connected to the steam heater coil 28 28, which is connected to compressor 29. The pressure stage of the compressor 29 is connected through the steam heater chamber 26 to the coil 30 a condenser 31. A condenser chamber 32 is connected to a discharge pipe 24. A refrigerant choke 33 is installed to throttle the refrigerant iiajbr B between the coil 30 and the chamber 32 of the condenser 31. The inner part of the screw of the extruder 34 is connected to a steam collector 35. The heating-cooling system of the loading zone 2 is equipped with a valve 36 and a pressure gauge 37. The pressure regulator 19 (Fig. 4) consists of a housing 38 and a cover 39. On bushings 40, an axis 41 is installed. stainless material. An axle valve 42 and a short-circuited rotor 43 are mounted on the axis 41. A stator 44 with pole rollers 45 is mounted in the housing and sealed with sealing rings 46. In the housing 38, pressure regulator cooling channels 47 and 48 are made. In order to ensure the passage change with small deviations of the shutter 42 from the vertical position, the channel in the housing 38 has a recess 49 (Fig. 5). On the portion of the housing 41 (FIG. 6) of the temperature sensor 22 of length L, there is a layer 42 of insulating material wound in the form of a tape and fixed on the housing 41 with glue. The length L is chosen from the condition of equal heating time of the body 41 and the tip 43, the jack of the extruder and the heat insulator 44 is installed. The tip 43 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example copper, and the outer part has a chrome finish to ensure durability. A pressure washer 45, a nut 46 and sealing rings 47 and 48 are intended for mounting the sensor. To prevent the tip 43 from heating the wall material from sliding along the cap in the extruder cylinder 1, a crescent-shaped groove 49 is made in a width equal to the diameter of the hole (Fig. 7), so that the rotation of the extruder iuiiCKii should be 1 April from the hole towards the continuation of the groove. Since the device for the heating system cooling the extruder differs from the systems of other machines only in the number of circulation circuits of the body and the screws, the description of these systems is not given. The control circuit of the pressure regulator, similar to that of the thyristor electric drive, is not well known and is therefore not described. In order to obtain compact devices due to the use of space for capacitor and compressor under the devices, it can be expedient to build the enclosures;) to make multi-compartments, and to service the equipment group (Fig. 8) of the multi-compartment design: the wormhole case 50 and the 5i case. batch mixer. Each of the bodies has an evaporating chamber K), a condenser 52 and a cooling plane 53 for heat of condensation. The evaporator chamber and the condenser 52 are thermally insulated. In the case 50 of the extruder, it is made in the form of a sleeve 54, in the case 51 of the mixer, in the form of a plate 55. At the beginning of operation, water electric 56 and wire 57 heaters are used for heating. The pressure in the evaporation chambers is controlled by pressure regulators 19 and sensors 20. Metric-capacitive action. A pressure choke 33 serves as a choke point. 58 ypOBiiH regulators are available to maintain a single level of refrigerant in the evaporation chambers, and an evaporator P with a spray tube 13 is provided for pre-evaporation. Cooling of the body part is carried out by flute plates 59 with capillary grooves. The refrigerant is supplied to the evaporation chamber 10 through a fitting 60, screwed into the housing 50 through a sleeve 61 with screw ribs. The fitting is sealed from the end by a sealing ring 62. The lines 63 for supplying the refrigerant to the evaporation chambers 10 have diaphragms 64 with calibrated orifices. The coolant in the cooling jacket is supplied to the pipes 65 and 66. The construction for cooling and controlling the temperature of the unrecoverable material works as follows. Before the start of work, the heating system is turned on with a compressor 29 (Fig. D) and with the setting of the setter, the pressure is set in the evaporation chamber corresponding to the temperature of the material being processed. All circulation circuits of the system |} work on heating, since the temperature of KopiiycoB is lower than the specified one, and the eni, e material is not | | -ruled. In the mode "Ten.i; at the command of the control devices 21, the shutters 42 of the pressure regulators 19 are closed and the heaters 18 turn on. When the refrigerant filling the heater housings and the partial evaporation chambers 10 are heated, it begins to evaporate, heating the cylinder 1 of the extruder. In this case, the warm particles due to the difference in volume weights rise up, and the cooled particles fall down. Under the action of the reverse torque, the pressure regulator damper is closed until the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber 10 exceeds the specified one. From this point on, the pressure regulation and cooling start in the circulation circuit. The heater 18 of this circuit is turned off when the temperature of the case 41 of the temperature sensor 22 installed to measure the temperature of the material being processed reaches temperature by transferring heat from the heated portion of the socket to the upper limit of the set temperature. After the system starts operating, as determined by the signal lights placed on the machine console, the machine is turned on and the machine is loaded with material for its processing. The loaded cold material cools the extruder barrel 1 and the temperature sensor 22. The contour enters the mode “Worm. Further temperature regulation is carried out autogenously within the tolerance for regulation accuracy, for example ± 4 ° C. The autogenous regulation of the temperature of the processed material simultaneously with its cooling is carried out by maintaining the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber 10 corresponding to a given temperature of the processed material using the pressure regulator 19 and the sensor 20 of the gauge-capacitive action. When the machine is in operation, due to the conversion of mechanical energy into heat, the temperature of the cylinder 1 of the extruder begins to rise, the process of evaporation of the refrigerant increases. As the evaporation increases, the pressure builds up, due to which the valve 42 of the pressure regulator 19 rotates, the steam from the evaporation chamber is sucked in by the compressor 29 in large quantities, and the heat output due to the heat loss by the steam increases. When the pressure in the evaporation chamber drops, and consequently, as the temperature of the extruder barrel 1 decreases, the valve 42 of the pressure regulator 19 closes. In the event of an incorrect pressure setting by the setting device, or in the event of an autogenous regulation failure, due to a malfunction, the control device 21 commands the pressure regulator and lights this or that signal lamp. Steam emitted by pressure regulators 19 is sucked through pipe 23, compressor 29 is compressed to condensing pressure, but the pipe is supplied through steam heater 27 to condenser 3. Compressed compressor steam has a high temperature, which is partially used to preheat steam drawn by the compressor to increase efficiency cooling process. The refrigerant liquefied under pressure out of the condenser 31 is cooled to 4-6 ° C by throttling in the throttle 33 and is fed into the chamber 32 of the condenser 31 for —the removal of heat of condensation, then heated to 30-90 ° C (B, depending on the operation mode ) through line 24 through the level regulators, it is fed back to the evaporation chambers 10. Due to the refrigerant in the form of steam, its level in the evaporation chamber 10 is lowered. When the float is lowered, the float 15 opens the valve 14. The coolant is jetted through the inclined plates 12 through the openings of the spray tube 13 and fills the bowl formed by the upper ribs 7 of the cooling jacket 6. The coolant flowing over the plates 12 and the edges 7 of the cooling jacket is evaporated. Evaporation also occurs in the cylindrical section of the cooling jacket 6, to which the refrigerant through the holes 16 enters the bottom through the capillary grooves 9 of the chute 8. The extruder feed zone 2 does not require precise control of the temperature and heating of the extruder cylinder 1 to high temperatures, therefore the circulation the contour of this zone does not have a pressure regulator 19 with an electronic measuring and regulating device 21 and a heater 18. The heating of this zone at the start of operation occurs due to thermal conductivity. The required temperature is established by the pressure in the evaporation chamber 10 by means of a valve 36 and a pressure gauge 37. The process of maintaining the temperature is carried out autogenously, i.e., the greater the heat release, the greater the heat sink. The circulation circuit of the screw 34 is similar to the circulation circuit of the cylinder 1 of the extruder and differs only in that the refrigerant evaporates in the longitudinal cavity of the screw 34 and the pairs are supplied to the pressure regulator 19 through the steam collector 35. The heating-cooling system with group suction of steam and equipment with multi-chamber cases (Fig. 8) consists of the following. Refrigerant vapor from evaporation chambers 10 and evaporators 11 through pipelines 23 through pressure regulators 19 is sucked off by compressor 29, compressed to condensation pressure, and sent through pipelines 24 to condenser 52. After condenser 52, refrigerant is passed through pressure pipes 33 under pressure 65 and due to expansion, it is cooled. The cooled refrigerant is piped through pipelines to the cooling jackets 53 to cool the condenser 52. The cooling and control processes are the same as previously described. The positive effect of the implementation of the invention is achieved by increasing the productivity of the equipment by intensifying heat removal from the material, reducing scrap from burning mixtures, eliminating cooling water costs and improving the reliability of the heating-cooling system. The intercourse of heat removal with the help of the proposed device will provide an increase in the productivity of the equipment by two times and will reduce waste into the waste. Autogenous regulation improves the accuracy of maintaining the desired temperature of the material being processed. The increase in accuracy is ensured by the dynamics of the deposition process, increasing the heat sink depending on the heating of the working bodies and, conversely, reducing the heat sink in the case of a decrease in heat generation. This eliminates the possibility of overheating of the material and signals the failure of autogenous regulation or incorrect setting of the temperature mode by zones, which is not provided by known systems. Compared with the known systems, where the change in the cooling intensity is done with the help of valves manually, which does not provide convenience and accuracy, the change in the cooling intensity by changing the return torque of the pressure regulator is performed by the unit on the device with a quantitative indicator of the current. The closed system of heating - cooling eliminates the possibility of saturating the refrigerant with oxygen and carbon dioxide, which eliminates the corrosion of pipelines and heat exchangers. The use of secondary heat contributes to energy savings. A positive effect is the fact that water is used as a refrigerant, which, unlike freons, eliminates the harmful effects on the organism and, especially, on the retention of the ability of the air atmosphere to transient processes from carbon dioxide to oxygen and vice versa. The heating - cooling system can be used to equip extruders of large sizes with large evaporation chambers and condensers.

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Claims (5)

1. DEVICE FOR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE POLYMER MATERIAL PROCESSED IN THE EXTRUDER, containing an evaporation chamber mounted on the extruder barrel, a condenser, a temperature sensor, a suction pipe and heaters, characterized in that, in order to increase the extruder productivity due to heat and intensification temperature control of the processed polymer material, it is equipped with a cooling jacket mounted on an extruder barrel with inclined with fins and slots and a chute with capillary grooves installed in the lower part of the cooling jacket, a pressure regulator installed at the outlet of the evaporation chamber, an evaporator with a refrigerant level regulator, a steam heater with a chamber and a coil connected to the steam heater chamber with a steam jacket for the suction pipe and a compressor connected pressure step to the chamber of the steam heater, and the condenser is made in the form of a chamber with a coil, between which a pressure throttle is installed. 2. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that, for the purpose of uniform distribution of refrigerant, the evaporator is mounted above the cooling jacket and is equipped with inclined plates with slots, and the inclined ribs of the cooling jacket are made in the form of a bowl with slots arranged in a checkerboard pattern. 3. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of regulating the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber, the pressure regulator is made in the form of a hermetically mounted in the stator housing and a rotor placed in it, on the axis of which there is a multiband damper. 4. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that. that, in order to improve the accuracy of measuring and regulating the temperature, the temperature sensor housing is provided with a layer of heat-insulating material for parts of its length and is installed in a socket made in the cylinder of the extruder, and a crescent groove is made at the outlet of the socket. 5. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the dimensions of the extruder, the evaporation chamber and condenser are mounted in one housing and separated by a heat-insulating partition, and the refrigerant level controller is connected by a pipeline to the evaporator.