SU1004837A1 - Method and device for measuring temperature of solid fuel ash caking and flowing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a measurement technique, in particular, to methods for measuring the sintering temperature and fluidity of bulk materials, such as solid FUEL ash, using a test medium fed into a bulk layer of bulk material, such as ash, and a circuit for its implementation.

The softening, melting, and fluidity temperature of the ash is the main parameter for the different technological uses of solid FUEL.

There is a method of measuring the melting and melting softening temperature by optical observation of the ash breakdown with gradually increasing temperature.

However, with this method of measurement, subjective error may appear in the results and, moreover, during these measurements, it is necessary that the personnel being measured continuously visually observe the behavior of the sample and at the same time the corresponding temperature values. Instruments used for this purpose, for example, heating high-temperature microscopes, are relatively expensive and the process of measuring the flow itself (5 is a significant investment of time. The hook, the lack of optical observation of the ash surface is the fact that this method cannot determine the temperature sintering at which the first internal structural changes, such as concentration, occur before the softening point is reached.

These shortcomings eliminate the way

15 indicated in the present invention, the essence of which is that, according to the known method of measuring the sintering temperatures and the fluidity of solid fuels ash, the test medium supplied to the bulk layer gradually raises the temperature to, and the sintering temperatures and ash flow rate are determined by change in pneumatic resistance of bulk ash.

Claims (6)

For the sintering temperature, the change in the pneumatic resistance is due to a corresponding change in the structure of the ash. At the time of the quality of the internal sintering of the ash, the volume changes, i.e. contraction, which directly affects a significant change in the pneumatic resistance of the bulk layer. When determining only the sintering temperature, the measuring tube made of corundum alloy withstands several hundred measurements. The sintering temperature determines the sharp change in the temperature-pressure dependence curve caused by a sharp drop in the inlet pressure after contraction of the bulk layer. When determining the flow temperature of the ash, the change in the pneumatic resistance is due to the change solid to liquid, and the flow of the test medium flowing through the ash layer is interrupted. In determining the flow temperature of the ash, one measuring tube is required for each determination, which after measurements becomes unsuitable. The temperature of these densities is determined by a sharp reverse fracture on the curve of temperature and pressure, caused by a sharp increase in pressure in the resultant of tube clogging with liquid melted ash. The method for measuring the temperature of the canisters as well as the temperature of the ash flow, according to the invention, consists in measuring the flow of the test medium through the bulk ash layer, depending on the increasing temperature or on the basis of time at a constant heating rate. A simpler embodiment of this method according to the invention is to measure the pressure of the test medium at the inlet into the bulk layer, depending on the increasing temperature or on the time at a constant heating rate. If, when determining the sintering temperature, the test gas flow through the layer is measured, or the pressure of this gas at the inlet into the bulk layer depending on the temperature / temperature, then the resulting curve will cause a sharp change due to a corresponding sharp change in the pneumatic resistance of the layer . This fracture corresponds to the characteristic property of the temperature of the first changes, i.e. sintering temperature. The advantages of this method are to reduce the measurement time to one third as compared to the limestone method. This method also eliminates the appearance of subjective errors in the results and allows the use of a semi-automatic version of the measurement. The invention allows the use of instrumentation technology that requires relatively small investments. The cost of the device according to the proposed method is only about 10% of the price of a high-temperature microscope. The method of the invention makes it possible to determine the technologically important sintering temperature, which could not be established using the method known so far. When implementing a new method for determining the te1 of the sintering profile, one can use devices with an I n multiple of the number of parallel connected measuring tubes, which makes it possible to shorten the duration of the determinations that are made. With the help of parallel tubes, it is possible by one definition to establish a sample introduction in different gas media. The invention allows an uncomplicated determination in any gaseous environment. The drawing shows a device with which the proposed method is carried out. A cocTojiT device from a vertical tube furnace 1, heated up to, in which a simple corundum alloy measuring tube 2 is placed. The internal diameter of the round tube is 4 mm, length 400 mm. A lump of silicon wool 3 is placed in the central high-temperature part of the tube, using a vai 6 as a grate, on which lies a bulk layer 4 of ash 3 cm thick prepared from a sample with a grain size less than 0.3 mm. A silicone rubber hose 5 is connected to the upper part of the tube for supplying test gas from the control and measuring equipment consisting of a pressure transmitter 6, a manostat 7, a control valve 3 and a gas source E. Vertical tube furnace 1 is connected to temperature regulator 10. The pressure transmitter b and the temperature sensor 11 are connected to the xs recorder recorder 12. The method is carried out as follows. The temperature of the furnace 1 is increased at a constant rate by means of the controller 10 until the completion of the measurements. During the measurements, the gas pressure at the inlet to the measuring tube 2 and the temperature of the ash layer 4 are continuously recorded. The pressure at the sample inlet layer continuously increases until the sintering temperature is reached, when a fracture occurs and the pressure drops sharply as a result of contraction and sintering of the bulk layer. At this moment, the measurement stops and the tube 2 is removed from the furnace 1. The evaluation of the measurement results and the determination of the sintering temperature are carried out on the basis of the readings of the writing device 12, and for the maximum of the pressure-temperature curve, the corresponding temperature value is calculated in 1aL moment. In the case of determining the temperature and the fluidity, the sample is left in the measuring tube 2 and the temperature is further increased until the bulk layer melts and the flow of the medium through the layer is tested, resulting in a sharp reverse fracture on the pressure dependence curve temperature Evaluation of measurements and determination of the temperature of fluidity are carried out on the basis of the readings of the recorder 12, as well as in determining the sintering temperature. 1. Claim 1. t: noco6 measuring the temperature of sintering and fluidity of solid ash fuels by means of a test medium brought into the bulk layer, that is, by gradually increasing the temperature of the bulk granular layer to 1600 ° C, and the sintering temperature and fluidity of the EOLA are determined by the change in the pneumatic resistance of the bulk layer of ash. . 2. The method according to claim 1, which means measuring the flow of the medium through the bulk layer of ash depending on the temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1, which measures the flow of the test medium through the bulk ash layer as a function of time at a constant heating rate. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the test medium is measured before entering the bulk LAYER, depending on the temperature. 5. Method pop. 1, characterized in that the pressure of the test medium is measured before entering into the bulk layer, depending on time at a constant heating rate. 6. Device for implementing the method according to claims. 1-5, characterized in that the measuring tube 2 of refractory material, for example corundum alloy, containing a sample of the bulk layer 4 on the column of 3 of silicon wa, placed in a vertical directional furnace If connected to a programmable temperature controller | 10 is connected to a source of test gas 9 via a gas regulating and measuring apparatus consisting of a hose 5, a pressure transmitter b. the manostat 7 and the regulating valve 8 and connected to the measuring instrument at the crank of the device 12, which is connected to the sensor 11 for measuring the temperature. Recognized as an invention according to the results of the examination of Jekys (ext. Of its department for the invention of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. I "Yu era