SK8475Y1 - Liquid fertilizers containing magnesium sulphate, urea and copper sulphate and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

Liquid fertilizers containing magnesium sulfate, urea and copper sulfate are described. Liquid solution-type fertilizers are characterized by high phase stability even when stored long-term at temperatures below freezing point. The products are suitable for non-root foliar application, both for preventive and curative treatment of plants, especially with higher demands on copper, magnesium and sulfur.

Description

The solution relates to liquid fertilizers containing magnesium sulfate, urea and copper sulfate. Fertilizers are water-dilutable, they usually have the character of a true solution, they are especially suitable for the preparation of aqueous application mixtures for extra-root - foliar plant nutrition. Liquid fertilizers in the sense of the solution are suitable for preventive but also curative fertilization of plants with increased demands on magnesium and copper consumption. Particularly suitable is the use of fertilizers according to the solution for the preventive fertilization of cereals and vines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In addition to the basic nutrients (N, P, K), plants need secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, S, Fe) and micronutrients - trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, B, Mo, Co and some others) for their full development. . Compounds containing these biogenic elements are used for preventive and / or curative relief of symptoms manifested on plants as a result of their deficiency. The basic task of these plant nutrients is to activate the activity of various enzymes, which mostly catalytically influence several biochemical processes occurring in plant organisms.

Magnesium is one of the most important secondary plant nutrients and its presence in sufficient quantities is important for healthy and full-fledged development of plants, animals and humans. It is the central atom of the chlorophyll molecule - a green plant dye and its importance not only for the full development of plants, but also for human and animal health is already well known today.

In addition to several solid magnesium fertilizers based on water-soluble salts - magnesium sulphate (Bittersalz, Hortisul, Kalimagnesia), magnesium nitrate (Magnisal, Magnit, Magnitra), magnesium chloride (Solumop) and water based only slowly soluble magnesium magnesium carbonate - calcareous (dolomite), especially in connection with extracorporeal nutrition and fertilizer irrigation, liquid magnesium fertilizers have also been well applied in agricultural and forestry practice. They are usually based on the sulphate and nitrate forms of magnesium.

For example, the theoretical foundations of various possibilities of the production of liquid fertilizers based on nitrate and later magnesium sulphate were the subject of applied research by the former Research Institute of Agrochemical Technology - Bratislava (Agrochemie 16, 12 - 1976, pp. 344 - 348). The results of this research were later applied in the production practice of several companies of the former Czechoslovakia (Duslo, Šaľa, SCHZ - Lovosice). Concerning the production of liquid magnesium fertilizers, the research has focused primarily on the study of the topical system: magnesium sulphate - urea - water. The results of measurements in this area were applied even in the former Czechoslovakia in several original solutions (AO 200 677, 218 087) and also in the production of special liquid leaf fertilizers in the former CHZJD - Bratislava, as well as in the former PŘCHZ - Pferov.

Although these magnesium-containing liquid liquid fertilizers have been well applied in agricultural practice, the best evidence of which is, even after many years since their introduction, continued production, these are the sources of exclusively readily acting magnesium, with their chemical and physiological reactions usually weakly acid or at most neutral.

At the end of the 1990s, mainly in connection with the cultivation of special agricultural crops (grape vine, fruit trees, vegetables), but also in the cultivation of mass-grown agricultural crops and also in forestry practice, suspension magnesium products based on magnesium hydroxide, from production Lachema - Bmo (PV - CR No. 1965 - 97, UV CR 6478). Later the production of similar products was started also in Brtnice na Morave (UV ČR 8920). The basis of the production of the above mentioned leaf presence or without the use of surfactants. Although fertilizers of this type have achieved very good results in agrobiological experiments as well as in agricultural and forestry practice (slow-acting form of magnesium, alkaline chemical and physiological reaction of fertilizers), their disadvantage is low stability of suspension concentrates, poor rheological properties, low particle adhesion on the surface of the leaves and also the sometimes very slow magnesium activity associated with the very low robustness of the magnesium hydroxide (only 6.5 x 10 ⁴ as MgO in 100 g of aqueous solution).

These deficiencies related to the stability of the magnesium concentrates, rheology improvements were satisfactorily solved by ensuring a good wetting of the leaf surface as well as the adhesion of the applied active ingredients to the treated leaf surface by a solution according to the GO 2849. in its hydroxide form. The very low robustness of the magnesium hydroxide, with the relatively low adhesion of its particles to the leaf surface, was often the cause of the relatively low foliar efficiency of the applied magnesium, since a significant proportion of the hydroxide particles are removed from the leaves by wind and rain.

Copper, together with silver and gold, are called "coin metals" for their use. It is one of the metals that man knew first, even rather than iron.

S K 8475 Υί

The occurrence of copper in plant and animal tissues was already established in the 19th century. An adult's body contains an average of 100 mg of protein-bound copper, with the serum level of copper in women of all ages being higher in women than in men. This quantity places copper in the third place, between iron and zinc, between the intermediate elements.

The most important biochemical function of copper is its involvement in the production of hemoglobin by being part of ceruloplasmin, which ensures the oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (it has been shown that only ferric ions are transferred to the bone marrow via transferrin).

Copper is a part of many metalloenzymes (superoxide dodopine, ceruloplasmin, cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase). For example, it is part of the enzyme that is essential in the production of melanin (skin and hair color). The cytochrome oxidase enzyme, referred to as the "respiratory enzyme", is involved in the transfer of electrons from other cytochromes heme to the oxygen molecule. In trace amounts, copper is essential for the life of certain organisms and also for humans (daily requirement for humans is 3 to 5 mg). Many complex copper compounds have also been shown to have antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, cytostatic, radioprotective, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory and antipyretic effects. Copper fungicidal action is also well known.

It follows from the above that it is important to ensure that the required amount of copper is part of the plant's food and, through it, humans and animals. In the current agricultural practice, copper is mainly applied in the form of one of the inorganic salts, in particular sulphates, chlorides and nitrates, and also in the form of organic complexes - mainly as lignosulphonates and also as some chelates of aminopolycarboxylic acids. The use of more water-insoluble copper compounds as contact-acting fungicides (cupric hydroxide, cupric oxichloride, cupric hydroxycarbonate) is also widespread. A certain disadvantage of the above-mentioned copper forms is their limited miscibility with several raw materials serving as sources of other biogenic elements, which is usually the cause of very low copper concentration in the multicomponent liquid fertilizers used today, especially if they are supposed to be genuine solutions. their sufficient phase stability during storage and handling.

Cereals - wheat, oats and barley, leafy vegetables and bulbs - react very well to copper fertilization. Good reaction is also in oilseeds (sunflowers), butterfly plants (clover), root vegetables (carrots, radishes), fruit vegetables (tomatoes), sugar beet and beets, red-salad beetroot.

The essence of the technical solution

It has now been found that by using this solution it is possible to prepare liquid fertilizers, even in their solution form, characterized by sufficiently high magnesium and copper contents in a plant-acceptable form.

By continuing the extensive study of the thematic system previously carried out: magnesium sulphate - urea - water, it has been found that by supplementing this system with an additional component - copper sulphate, important liquid fertilizers containing copper and sulfur in addition to magnesium and nitrogen can be obtained. concentration than is common with most currently produced and applied fertilizers of the type in question.

Liquid fertilizers according to the invention are characterized in that they contain copper sulphate in the form of an aqueous solution in addition to magnesium sulphate and urea. Liquid fertilizers according to the solution in 100 parts by weight contain:

up to 18 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, MgSCU, up to 30 parts by weight of urea, CO (NTUh,

0.3 to 17 parts by weight of copper sulphate, SO4, with the remainder being 100 parts by weight of water.

Concentrated aqueous solutions of magnesium sulphate - MgSO4, crystalline magnesium sulphate - MgSO4.7 H2O, known as the “hot salt”, or anhydrous - calcined magnesium sulphate can be used for the preparation of liquid fertilizers. The source of magnesium sulfate is a colorless or white mineral epsomite, which crystallizes in a diamond pattern and is characterized by a hardness degree of 2 to 2.5. Large sites of epsomit are found in Germany, Hungary and the USA. It also occurs in the Czech Republic (Saratice - Vyškov) and in Slovakia in the locality of Banská Štiavnica - Žiar nad Hronom

The source of copper and sulfur in the preparation of the liquid fertilizers of the present invention is copper sulphate, which is usually used in its crystalline form - as pentahydrate - CuSC> 4.5 H2O, known under the trivial name "blue vitriol". In nature it is rarely found in the form of mineral chalcantite (mainly the USA and Chile) in our country rare in the locality Špania Dolina - Banská Bystrica.

The urea contained in liquid fertilizers in the sense of the solution acts hydrotropically in the system and is a source of amidic nitrogen, favorably affecting the uptake of other biogenic elements.

Preparation of the liquid fertilizer according to the solution is simple, does not require any special equipment and, while maintaining the optimal proportion of the components, provides light blue solutions with sufficient phase stability even during their long-term storage even at temperatures below the freezing point of water.

N E 8475

The representation of individual biogenic elements in liquid fertilizers in the sense of the solution predetermines them for foliar application, and it is especially suitable to use them for preventive and curative treatment of cereal and grapevine stands.

EXAMPLES

The examples given illustrate and document the solution which is the subject of this utility model, but do not limit the claims for its protection in any way.

Example 1

A vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 552.8 liters of tap water and 165.4 kg of technical, calcined - anhydrous magnesium sulphate containing at least 33 wt. % MgO (ca. 90% MgSCh from Kali-Salz) and 238.2 kg of urea added. Upon dissolution of the solids, a slightly cloudy gray solution of a weakly alkaline chemical reaction (pH: 8.19) was obtained, to which, while stirring, 43.6 kg of crystalline copper sulphate containing at least 25 wt. % Cu.

By dissolving CuSO4.5 H2O, 1000 kg of a light blue, clear liquid fertilizer solution was obtained according to the solution, which contained 11 wt. % amidic nitrogen, 5.45 wt. % magnesium (as MgO), 4.85 wt. % sulfur (as S) and 1.09 wt. % copper (as Cu). The prepared product had an acidic chemical reaction (pH: 3.73).

A sample of the prepared product was stored at + 5 ° C for a long time, without crystallization and no other phase change was observed.

Example 2

In a vessel equipped with a stirrer, as in the previous example, 529.1 liters of tap water was introduced. Next, with stirring, gradually added:

158.3 kg of calcined magnesium sulphate (min. 33% MgO),

227.9 kg of attached urea - CO (NH2) 2 (min. 46.2% N) a

84.7 kg of copper sulphate pentahydrate (min. 25% Cu).

Dissolution of the solids yielded 1000 kg of a clear light blue solution having a pH of 3.2.

The liquid fertilizer thus prepared according to the solution contained: 10.5 wt. % amide nitrogen (as N), 5.2 wt. % magnesium (as MgO), 5.2 wt. % sulfur (as S) and 2.12 wt. % copper (as Cu).

The sample of prepared liquid fertilizer according to the solution was placed for several days in a cold room (at a temperature of about + 5 ° C) without its phase change.

Example 3

As in Examples 1 and 2, 506.1 liters of tap water was added to the mixer vessel, with the addition of the soot of continuous stirring:

151.5 kg of calcined magnesium sulphate (min. 33% MgO),

218.1 kg of attached urea - CO (NH2) 2 (min. 46.2% N) a

124.3 kg of copper sulphate pentahydrate (min. 25% Cu).

Dissolution of the solids yielded 1000 kg of a clear light blue color solution having a pH of 2.97.

The liquid fertilizer thus prepared according to the invention contained: 10.1 wt. % amide nitrogen (as N), 5.0 wt. % magnesium (as MgO), 5.5 wt. % sulfur (as S) and 3.1 wt. % copper (as Cu).

The sample of prepared liquid fertilizer according to the solution was placed for several days in a cold room (at a temperature of about + 5 ° C) without its phase change.

Example 4

In order to prepare a liquid fertilizer containing, in addition to amide nitrogen and sulfur, also magnesium and copper in a plant-readily available form, in the sense of a solution for foliar fertilization of cereals, a procedure similar to that described above was followed.

517.9 liters of tap water were added to the mixer vessel with and, while mixing with and gradually added:

155 kg of calcined magnesium sulphate (min. 33% MgO),

223.1 kg of urea added - CO (NH2) 2 (min. 46.2% N) a

104 kg of copper sulphate pentahydrate (min. 25% Cu).

After stirring for about 30 minutes, 1000 kg of a clear light blue solution was obtained by dissolving the solids, having a pH of 2.82 and a specific weight at room temperature of 1291 kg / m ³ .

The liquid fertilizer thus prepared in the solution contained: 133 g of amide nitrogen (as N), 65.9 g of magnesium (as MgO), 69.1 g of sulfur (as S) and 33.5 g of copper (as Cu) per liter.

S K 8475 Υί

The fertilizer sample was placed in a room with an average temperature of -18 ° C for a long time, and even after several days of storage there was no observable change - the liquid fertilizer sample had an unchanged solution consistency.

Example 5

407.2 liters of tap water were added to a vessel equipped with a stirrer, and 311 kg of magnesium sulfate technical heptahydrate - MgSO 4> 4.7 H 2 O containing about 16 wt. % MgO. The crystalline salt used was marketed as "bitter salt" and contained about 98% of the active ingredient. 238.2 kg of urea to be added were added with stirring. Upon dissolution of the solids, a slightly cloudy gray solution of a weakly alkaline chemical reaction was obtained, to which, while stirring, 43.6 kg of crystalline copper sulphate containing at least 25 wt. % Cu.

By dissolving CuSC > 4.5 H2O, 1000 kg of a light blue, clear liquid fertilizer solution was obtained according to a solution containing 11 wt. % amidic nitrogen, 5.45 wt. % magnesium (as MgO), 4.85 wt. % sulfur (as S) and 1.09 wt. % copper (as Cu). The prepared product had an acidic chemical reaction.

A sample of the prepared product was stored at + 5 ° C for a long time, without crystallization and no other phase change was observed.

Industrial usability

The solution relates to liquid fertilizers, which in addition to nitrogen, magnesium and sulfur are also a source of copper. Fertilizers usually have the character of a true solution and are particularly suitable for the preparation of aqueous application mixtures for extracorporeal plant nutrition. They are suitable for preventive but also curative fertilization of plants with increased demands on magnesium and copper consumption. Particularly suitable is the use of fertilizers according to the solution for the preventive fertilization of cereals and vines. Preparation of liquid fertilizers according to the solution is simple and does not require any special equipment.

Claims (4)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Liquid fertilizers comprising magnesium sulphate, urea and copper sulphate, characterized in that they contain, in 100 parts by weight, 8 to 18 parts by weight of magnesium sulphate, MgSO 4; 5 15 to 30 parts by weight of urea, CO (NH2) 2; 0.3 to 17 parts by weight of copper sulphate, CuSO4, with the remainder up to 100 parts by weight being water. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnesium sulfate used is its heptahydrate. Liquid fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are true 10 solutions. The use of liquid fertilizers according to claim 1 for foliar nutrition of plants.