SK142024U1 - A preparation designed to stimulate the physiological functions of plants and their nutrition - Google Patents
A preparation designed to stimulate the physiological functions of plants and their nutrition Download PDFInfo
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- SK142024U1 SK142024U1 SK14-2024U SK142024U SK142024U1 SK 142024 U1 SK142024 U1 SK 142024U1 SK 142024 U SK142024 U SK 142024U SK 142024 U1 SK142024 U1 SK 142024U1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Oblasť technikyThe field of technology
Riešenie sa týka prostriedku určeného na zlepšenie zdravotného stavu, stimuláciu fyziologických funkcií a výživu rastlín, hlavne formou mimokoreňovej - listovej aplikácie.The solution refers to a means intended to improve the state of health, stimulate physiological functions and plant nutrition, mainly in the form of extra-root - foliar application.
Doterajší stav technikyCurrent state of the art
V súčasnosti sa v súvislosti s pestovaním rastlín dostávajú do popredia tiež prípravky určené nielen na výživu rastlín, ale i zlepšovanie ich zdravotného stavu. Účinné látky týchto prípravkov môžu byť syntetického, alebo prírodného pôvodu. Obvykle sú však produktmi kombinovaných procesov. Zo syntetických látok tohto typu možno uviesť napríklad rôzne rastové regulátory, karboxylové kyseliny, povrchovo-aktívne látky a podobne. Z prírodných a kombinovaných produktov možno uviesť napríklad produkty na báze kolagénu a keratínu, obvykle získavané chemickým spracovaním odpadu kože, ovčej vlny, zvieracích kostí a podobne. Významnú úlohu majú tiež produkty na báze rozličných morských produktov, ako sú morské riasy a schránky niektorých morských živočíchov.Currently, in connection with growing plants, preparations designed not only for plant nutrition, but also for improving their health are coming to the fore. The active substances of these preparations can be of synthetic or natural origin. However, they are usually the products of combined processes. Among the synthetic substances of this type, for example, various growth regulators, carboxylic acids, surface-active substances and the like can be mentioned. Natural and combined products include, for example, products based on collagen and keratin, usually obtained by chemical processing of waste leather, sheep's wool, animal bones and the like. Products based on various marine products, such as seaweed and shells of some marine animals, also play an important role.
Pri výrobe organických a organo-minerálnych hnojív sa po úprave používajú tiež exkrementy hospodárskych zvierat, kompostované rastlinné zvyšky, výťažky trusu dážďoviek, upravené rybničné kaly a pod. Pri ich výrobe sa často využívajú tiež niektoré vedľajšie produkty a odpady, ako napríklad saturačné cukrovarnícke kaly, sulfitové a sulfátové výluhy, liehovarnícke výpalky, kaly vznikajúce pri výrobe etanolu a podobne.In the production of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers, farm animal excrement, composted plant residues, earthworm dung extracts, treated pond sludge, etc. are also used after treatment. In their production, some by-products and waste are also often used, such as saturated sugar sludge, sulfite and sulfate leachates, distillery stills, sludge resulting from the production of ethanol, and the like.
Podstatnou zložkou všetkých živých buniek sú bielkoviny. Pri hydrolýze sa bielkoviny štiepia na aminokyseliny, ktoré sú v živých organizmoch syntetizované práve z aminokyselín. Význam aminokyselín spočíva však nielen v tom, že tieto sú stavebnými jednotkami bielkovín. Aminokyseliny pri látkovom metabolizme sa môžu rôzne meniť a slúžiť ako prekurzory pre tvorbu ďalších skupín životne dôležitých látok. Sú tiež zavádzané do enzýmových proteínov a zohrávajú rozsiahlu modifikačnú úlohu v regulácii aktivity enzýmov vo všetkých oblastiach metabolizmov.Proteins are an essential component of all living cells. During hydrolysis, proteins are split into amino acids, which are synthesized from amino acids in living organisms. However, the importance of amino acids lies not only in the fact that they are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids during substance metabolism can change in various ways and serve as precursors for the formation of other groups of vital substances. They are also introduced into enzyme proteins and play an extensive modifying role in the regulation of enzyme activity in all areas of metabolism.
Z uvedených dôvodov sa hlavne v poslednom období venovala značná pozornosť i vplyvu aminokyselín na rastliny. Z veľkého množstva publikovaných pozoruhodných poznatkov z tejto oblasti možno uviesť napríklad tieto:For the above reasons, especially in the last period, considerable attention has also been paid to the influence of amino acids on plants. Among the large amount of published remarkable knowledge in this area, for example, the following can be mentioned:
Serín a threonín podmieňuje rast a dĺžku vegetačnej doby rastlín. Aspargín a kyselina asparágová majú vplyv na výnosy rastlín (Štefl, M.: Docentská habilitačná práca, Praha, VŠZ 1966).Serine and threonine conditions the growth and length of the vegetation period of plants. Aspargine and aspartic acid have an effect on plant yields (Štefl, M.: Docentská habilitačná práce, Praha, VŠZ 1966).
Zistilo sa, že odolnosť rastlín voči chorobám je veľmi ovplyvnená obsahom a špecifickou skladbou voľných aminokyselín hostiteľa. Oxidázy aminokyselín pri napadnutí organizmu mikroorganizmom uvoľňujú amoniak v blízkosti miesta napadnutia a tým bránia mikroorganizmu, aby tento prenikol do rastliny (Fyziol. Rast. 21, 1, 1974, 61 - 68).It was found that the resistance of plants to diseases is greatly influenced by the content and specific composition of free amino acids of the host. When an organism is attacked by a microorganism, amino acid oxidases release ammonia near the site of attack and thus prevent the microorganism from penetrating the plant (Physiol. Rast. 21, 1, 1974, 61 - 68).
Prolín plní funkciu zdroja respiračnej energie pri regenerácii organizmov vystavených stresovým podmienkam, napomáha rastlinnému organizmu prekonávať negatívne vplyvy prostredia, akými sú napríklad: nízka teplota, sucho, zasolenosť, infekcie a pod. Vo vývojových procesoch, napríklad pri opeľovaní rastlín, prolín významnou mierou podporuje fertilitu peľu. Súhrnne možno konštatovať, že prolín významne podporuje produkciu kultúrnych plodín (Vašátková, L. - Vomastková, M.: Význam prolinu pro produkci rostlin, Praha - VŠZ, 1992).Proline fulfills the function of a source of respiratory energy during the regeneration of organisms exposed to stressful conditions, it helps the plant organism to overcome negative environmental influences, such as: low temperature, drought, salinity, infections, etc. In developmental processes, for example during plant pollination, proline significantly supports pollen fertility. In summary, it can be stated that proline significantly supports the production of cultivated crops (Vašátková, L. - Vomastková, M.: Importance of proline for plant production, Prague - VŠZ, 1992).
S cieľom využitia jednoznačne pozitívneho pôsobenia aminokyselín na rastliny vo výrobno-pestovateľskej praxi sa v poslednom období, hlavne na zahraničných trhoch, objavili viaceré netradičné produkty určené na výživu rastlín s obsahom aminokyselín.With the aim of using the clearly positive effect of amino acids on plants in production and cultivation practice, several non-traditional products intended for plant nutrition containing amino acids have appeared recently, mainly on foreign markets.
Zdrojom aminokyselín vo všetkých prípravkoch tohto typu sú zvyšky zo spracovania bielkovín živočíšneho pôvodu ako sú: rôzne bitúnkové odpady, mäsové zvyšky, odpad zo spracovania zvieracích koží, zvieracia krv, perie, srsť, chrupavky a kosti, zvieracia srsť, rohovina (kopytá, rohy) a podobne.The source of amino acids in all preparations of this type are residues from the processing of proteins of animal origin, such as: various slaughterhouse wastes, meat residues, waste from the processing of animal skins, animal blood, feathers, fur, cartilage and bones, animal fur, horn (hooves, horns). and so on.
Takto je možné dosiahnuť v produktoch relatívne vysokú koncentráciu organických látok bielkovinového pôvodu (hlavne glutínu a keratínu), avšak koncentráty tohto typu nemôžu obsahovať celý rad ďalších, pre rastliny významných zložiek, ako sú natívne stimulátory rastu, vitamíny, niektoré významné karboxylové kyseliny a podobne. Navyše zdrojom aminokyselín sú suroviny živočíšneho pôvodu, čo hlavne v súvislosti s rozvojom ochorenia BSE značne komplikuje ich praktické použitie. Z rastlinných zdrojov aminokyselín sa v súčasnosti najviac využíva sója. Organo-minerálne hnojivá z dovozu veľmi často obsahujú práve sójové aminokyseliny.In this way, it is possible to achieve a relatively high concentration of organic substances of protein origin (mainly gluten and keratin) in the products, but concentrates of this type cannot contain a whole range of other important components for plants, such as native growth stimulators, vitamins, some important carboxylic acids and the like. In addition, the source of amino acids are raw materials of animal origin, which, especially in connection with the development of the BSE disease, greatly complicates their practical use. Among plant sources of amino acids, soy is currently the most widely used. Imported organo-mineral fertilizers often contain soy amino acids.
Pri výrobe piva vzniká ako vedľajší zmesový produkt pozostávajúci zo zvyškov sladu, nesladovaných obilnín a kvasiniek Sacharomyces cerevisiae, var. Carlsbergensis, ktoré sa produkujú pri fermentácii mladinyDuring the production of beer, a mixed product consisting of malt residues, unmalted cereals and yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae, var. Carlsbergensis, which are produced during the fermentation of the wort
SK 14-2024 U1 sladového extraktu. Tento produkt, charakterizovaný vysokým obsahom esenciálnych aminokyselín, vitamínov, makro a mikro prvkov, je vo všeobecnosti známy pod označením pivovarské kvasnice. V súčasnosti sa používa predovšetkým ako exkluzívna bielkovinová kŕmna surovina hospodárskych zvierat, ale uplatňuje sa tiež v gastronómií a vo farmaceutickej výrobe, ako výživový doplnok. Pivovarské kvasnice sú vynikajúcim prírodným zdrojom esenciálnych aminokyselín, hlavne lysinu, metionínu, cystínu, treonínu, tryptofánu a ďalších. Sú tiež zdrojom vitamínov skupiny B, najmä B1 - tiamínu, B2 riboflavínu, B3 niacínu, B5 kyseliny pantoténovej, B6 pyridoxínu, B12 cobalamínu a biotínu. V nezanedbateľnom množstve je v nich zastúpený tiež fosfor, draslík, vápnik, horčík a z biogénnych stopových živín hlavne železo, zinok a meď.SK 14-2024 U1 malt extract. This product, characterized by a high content of essential amino acids, vitamins, macro and micro elements, is generally known as brewer's yeast. Currently, it is primarily used as an exclusive protein feed ingredient for farm animals, but it is also used in gastronomy and in pharmaceutical production, as a nutritional supplement. Brewer's yeast is an excellent natural source of essential amino acids, especially lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan and others. They are also a source of group B vitamins, especially B1 - thiamin, B2 riboflavin, B3 niacin, B5 pantothenic acid, B6 pyridoxine, B12 cobalamin and biotin. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium are also represented in them in a non-negligible amount, and of the biogenic trace nutrients mainly iron, zinc and copper.
Pri výrobe kukuričného škrobu je potrebné uvoľniť škrobové zrnká, ktoré sú stmelené a vzájomne pospájané zmesou bielkovín, z ktorých prevláda fibrín, tzv. glutén. Toto sa dosahuje maceráciou, tzv. máčaním hrubo rozomletej kukurice v teplej vode (25 - 50 °C) za prítomnosti malého prídavku oxidu siričitého. Koncentrovaná máčacia voda, obsahujúca bielkoviny, ktorá takto vzniká ako vedľajší produkt - macerát v prvej fáze výroby kukuričného škrobu, sa v odbornej praxi obvykle označuje ako corn steep.In the production of corn starch, it is necessary to release the starch grains, which are cemented and connected to each other by a mixture of proteins, of which fibrin predominates, the so-called gluten. This is achieved by maceration, the so-called by soaking coarsely ground corn in warm water (25-50 °C) in the presence of a small addition of sulfur dioxide. Concentrated soaking water, containing proteins, which thus arises as a by-product - macerate in the first phase of corn starch production, is usually referred to as corn steep in professional practice.
Takto získané maceráty - máčacie vody, alebo ich zahustením (odparením vody) pripravené koncentráty - corn steep sú mimoriadne bohaté na vzácne aminokyseliny, obsahujú tiež celý rad vitamínov (hlavne skupiny B, ktoré sú účinné predovšetkým pri stimulácii zakoreňovania rastlín) a tiež celý rad ďalších biologicky aktívnych látok.Macerates obtained in this way - soaking waters, or concentrates prepared by thickening them (evaporation of water) - corn steep are extremely rich in rare amino acids, they also contain a whole range of vitamins (mainly group B, which are effective above all in stimulating the rooting of plants) and also a whole range of others biologically active substances.
Doposiaľ sa tento vedľajší produkt výroby kukuričného škrobu len čiastočne využíval v súvislosti s niektorými fermentačnými technológiami (napr. fermentačná výroba antibiotík), ako súčasť živných pôd, pričom podstatný podiel corn steepu sa i v súčasnosti používa na priame skrmovanie hospodárskymi zvieratami a tiež v rybnom hospodárstve.Until now, this by-product of the production of corn starch has only been partially used in connection with some fermentation technologies (e.g. fermentation production of antibiotics), as part of nutrient soils, while a significant proportion of corn steep is still currently used for direct feeding of farm animals and also in fisheries.
Podstata technického riešeniaThe essence of the technical solution
Nedostatky vo výrobe organo-minerálnych hnojív a prípravkov určených na stimuláciu fyziologických funkcií rastlín, ako i s cieľom vytvoriť predpoklady pre efektívne využitie vedľajších produktov z výroby kukuričného škrobu a piva v rastlinnej produkcii prináša toto riešenie. Významnou prednosťou prípravkov podľa riešenia je skutočnosť, že zdrojom fyziologicky účinných látok - aminokyselín, vitamínov a živín sú výlučne látky prírodného - rastlinného pôvodu.Shortcomings in the production of organo-mineral fertilizers and preparations designed to stimulate the physiological functions of plants, as well as with the aim of creating prerequisites for the effective use of by-products from the production of corn starch and beer in plant production, this solution brings. A significant advantage of the preparations according to the solution is the fact that the source of physiologically active substances - amino acids, vitamins and nutrients are exclusively substances of natural - plant origin.
Pre prípravky určené na stimuláciu fyziologických funkcií rastlín a ich výživu v zmysle tohto riešenia je charakteristické, že tieto v 100 hmotnostných dieloch obsahujú 0,1 až 27 hmotnostných dielov sušiny pivovarských kvasníc a 5 až 45 hmotnostných dielov sušiny vodného macerátu vznikajúceho ako vedľajší produkt v prvej fáze výroby kukuričného škrobu Zostatok do 100 hmotnostných dielov tvorí aspoň jedna z látok zahrňujúcich vodu, humínové a/alebo fulvo kyseliny a/alebo ich soli, močovina, niektorý z vodorozpustných fosforečnanov a/alebo síranov a/alebo dusičnanov a/alebo komplexov stopových biogénnych prvkov.It is characteristic of the preparations intended for the stimulation of the physiological functions of plants and their nutrition in the sense of this solution that they contain 0.1 to 27 parts by weight of brewer's yeast dry matter in 100 parts by weight and 5 to 45 parts by weight of the dry matter of aqueous macerate formed as a by-product in the first phase of corn starch production The balance up to 100 parts by weight consists of at least one of the substances including water, humic and/or fulvic acids and/or their salts, urea, any of the water-soluble phosphates and/or sulfates and/or nitrates and/or complexes of trace biogenic elements .
Pivovarské kvasnice, ktoré majú charakter suspenzie až krému šedo - svetlo hnedej farby sa obvykle spracovávajú sušením do práškovej formy. Takto upravené pivovarské kvasnice obvykle obsahujú viac ako 95 hmotn. % sušiny, pričom obsah hrubého proteínu v sušine je obvykle vyšší ako 42 hmotn. %. Vysušené pivovarské kvasnice obvykle obsahujú: cca 27 g lyzínu, cca 7 g metionínu, cca 5 g cystínu, cca 5 g tryptofánu a viac ako 16 g treonínu/kg. Obsah vitamínov v usušených kvasniciach je blízky týmto hodnotám: B1 tiamín cca 20 mg/kg, B2 riboflavín viac ako 8 mg/kg, B3 niacín cca 3 mg/kg, B5 kyselina pantoténová viac ako 4 mg/kg, B6 pyridoxín cca 17 mg/kg a biotín viac ako 3 mg/kg.Brewer's yeast, which has the character of a gray-light brown suspension or cream, is usually processed by drying into a powder form. Brewer's yeast treated in this way usually contains more than 95 wt. % of dry matter, while the content of crude protein in dry matter is usually higher than 42 wt. %. Dried brewer's yeast usually contains: approx. 27 g of lysine, approx. 7 g of methionine, approx. 5 g of cystine, approx. 5 g of tryptophan and more than 16 g of threonine/kg. The content of vitamins in dried yeast is close to these values: B1 thiamin approx. 20 mg/kg, B2 riboflavin more than 8 mg/kg, B3 niacin approx. 3 mg/kg, B5 pantothenic acid more than 4 mg/kg, B6 pyridoxine approx. 17 mg /kg and biotin more than 3 mg/kg.
Sušené pivovarské kvasnice sú tiež zdrojom rastlinných živín. Priemerne v 1 kilograme obsahujú: cca 10 g fosforu (ako P), viac ako 18 g draslíka (ako K), cca 1,7 g horčíka (ako Mg), cca 2 g vápnika (ako Ca), viac ako 10 mg mangánu (ako Mn), viac ako 8 mg medi (ako Cu), cca 250 mg železa (ako Fe), viac ako 130 mg zinku (ako Zn) a obsahujú tiež kobalt (cca 0,1 mg Co).Dried brewer's yeast is also a source of plant nutrients. On average, 1 kilogram contains: approx. 10 g of phosphorus (as P), more than 18 g of potassium (as K), approx. 1.7 g of magnesium (as Mg), approx. 2 g of calcium (as Ca), more than 10 mg of manganese (as Mn), more than 8 mg of copper (as Cu), about 250 mg of iron (as Fe), more than 130 mg of zinc (as Zn) and also contain cobalt (about 0.1 mg of Co).
Máčacia voda vznikajúca v prvej fáze kukuričného škrobu, po čiastočnom zahustení odparením vody, známa v odbornej praxi pod označením corn steep, je zdrojom celého radu mimoriadne významných aminokyselín (prolín, glutamín, asparagín, alanín, glycín, arginín, leucín, serín a ďalšie).The soaking water produced in the first phase of corn starch, after partial thickening by evaporation of water, known in professional practice as corn steep, is the source of a whole range of extremely important amino acids (proline, glutamine, asparagine, alanine, glycine, arginine, leucine, serine and others). .
Práve druhová rôznorodosť aminokyselín a obsah ďalších biologicky významných látok (karboxylové kyseliny - hlavne kyselina 2-hydroxypropánová tzv. mliečna, redukujúce cukry - hlavne pentózy, rastové stimulátory natívneho pôvodu, vitamíny, základne, sekundárne a stopové rastlinné živiny a ďalšie) je veľkou prednosťou predmetného zdroja látok bielkovinovej povahy v porovnaní s už skôr spomínanými a dnes široko používanými bielkovinami živočíšneho pôvodu.The species diversity of amino acids and the content of other biologically significant substances (carboxylic acids - mainly 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, so-called lactic acid, reducing sugars - mainly pentoses, growth stimulators of native origin, vitamins, bases, secondary and trace plant nutrients and others) is a great advantage of the product in question source of protein substances compared to the previously mentioned and today widely used proteins of animal origin.
Máčacia voda sa obvykle zahusťuje na koncentráciu sušiny blízku 50 hmotn. %, avšak sú k dispozícii tiežThe soaking water is usually concentrated to a dry matter concentration close to 50 wt. %, but they are also available
SK 14-2024 U1 produkty s obsahom cca 40 - 45 a hlavne cca 60 hmotn. % sušiny, ktorý však už obvykle pri bežnej manipulačnej teplote nie je voľne tekutý a má krémovito-pastovitú konzistenciu.SK 14-2024 U1 products with a content of approx. 40 - 45 and mainly approx. 60 wt. % dry matter, which, however, is usually not freely liquid at normal handling temperature and has a creamy-paste consistency.
Obvyklé zloženie zahustenej máčacej vody z výroby kukuričného škrobu (CORN STEEP) je blízke týmto hodnotám:The usual composition of thickened steeping water from the production of corn starch (CORN STEEP) is close to these values:
obsah sušiny: cca 50 hmotn. %, obsah aminokyselín v sušine celkom cca 48 hmotn. %, pričom zastúpenie jednotlivých aminokyselín:dry matter content: approx. 50 wt. %, amino acid content in dry matter total approx. 48 wt. %, while the representation of individual amino acids:
obsah kyseliny 2-hydroxypropánovej, tzv. mliečnej, C3H6O3 cca 23 hmotn. %, obsah redukujúcich cukrov, hlavne pentóz cca 2 hmotn. %, obsah minerálnych biogénnych prvkov - základných, sekundárnych a stopových rastlinných živín:content of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, the so-called milk, C3H6O3 approx. 23 wt. %, content of reducing sugars, mainly pentoses approx. 2 wt. %, content of mineral biogenic elements - basic, secondary and trace plant nutrients:
Potvrdilo sa, že je možné a tiež účelné ak sa prostriedky podľa riešenia obohatia tiež o niektoré ďalšie biologicky účinné zložky. Popri močovine a fosforečnanoch, síranoch a dusičnanoch, je vhodné, ak sa hlavne pri príprave prostriedkov určených na určité špeciálne použitie, použijú stopové rastlinné živiny - tzv. mikroprvky vo forme vhodných komplexných zlúčenín.It has been confirmed that it is possible and also expedient if the means according to the solution are also enriched with some other biologically effective components. In addition to urea and phosphates, sulfates and nitrates, it is advisable to use trace plant nutrients - the so-called microelements in the form of suitable complex compounds.
Osobitne vhodné sa ukázalo tiež použitie vhodných zdrojov humínových a fulvo kyselín. Na obohatenie prostriedkov na báze pivovarských kvasníc a vedľajšieho produktu z výroby kukuričného škrobu ako zdroj humínových a fulvo kyselín možno použiť niektorý z výťažkov nízkokalorického uhlia, alebo niektorý z lignohumátov.The use of suitable sources of humic and fulvic acids also proved particularly suitable. One of the extracts of low-calorie coal or one of the lignohumates can be used to enrich preparations based on brewer's yeast and a by-product from the production of corn starch as a source of humic and fulvic acids.
Z cenového hľadiska je vhodné používať napríklad humínové a fulvo kyseliny vo forme ich draselných solí a ich derivátov, vyrábané z prírodných oxyhumolitov. Tieto sú komerčne dostupné vo tuhej forme (šupinky), ktoré obsahujú minimálne 60 hmotn. % humínových látok.From a price point of view, it is convenient to use, for example, humic and fulvic acids in the form of their potassium salts and their derivatives, produced from natural oxyhumolites. These are commercially available in solid form (flakes), which contain at least 60 wt. % of humic substances.
Príklady uskutočneniaImplementation examples
V ďalšom uvádzané príklady prevedenia ozrejmujú, dokumentujú a ilustrujú, avšak v žiadnom prípade neobmedzujú nároky na ochranu tohto riešenia.The following examples of implementation clarify, document and illustrate, but in no way limit the claims for the protection of this solution.
Príklad 1 až 4Example 1 to 4
Pri príprave prostriedkov určených na stimuláciu fyziologických funkcií rastlín podľa tohto riešenia sa postupovalo tak, že do nádoby vybavenej účinným miešaním sa predložilo potrebné množstvo vody a ďalej sa za účinného miešania pridal zdroj humínových látok, zahustený vedľajší produkt vznikajúci pri výrobe kukuričného škrobu, tzv. corn steep a napokon sa pridalo potrebné množstvo sušených pivovarských kvasníc.In the preparation of the means intended for the stimulation of the physiological functions of plants according to this solution, the necessary amount of water was placed in a vessel equipped with effective mixing, and further, with effective mixing, a source of humic substances was added, a thickened by-product arising from the production of corn starch, the so-called corn steep and finally the required amount of dried brewer's yeast was added.
SK 14-2024 U1SK 14-2024 U1
Pri príprave vzoriek produktu charakterizovaných rôznym zastúpením jednotlivých zložiek sa postupovalo podľa nasledujúcich receptúr.In the preparation of product samples characterized by different representation of individual components, the following recipes were used.
Vzorky stimulačných prostriedkov líšiace sa zastúpením uvedených bioaktívnych zložiek boli použité na agro-biologické skúšanie formou mimokoreňovej - foliárnej aplikácie.Samples of stimulants differing in the representation of the listed bioactive components were used for agro-biological testing in the form of extra-root - foliar application.
Príklad 5Example 5
S cieľom pripraviť špeciálne organo-minerálne kvapalné hnojivo v zmysle riešenia, určené predovšetkým na foliárne prihnojovanie obilnín sa postupovalo nasledovne.In order to prepare a special organo-mineral liquid fertilizer in the sense of the solution, intended primarily for foliar fertilization of cereals, the procedure was as follows.
Do nádoby vybavenej účinným miešaním sa predložilo 126 kg cca 60 %-ného vodného roztoku tiosíranu (sírnatanu) amónneho, ktorý obsahoval cca 12 hmotn. % amoniakálneho dusíka (ako N) a 26 hmotn. % celkovej síry (ako S). Za stáleho miešania sa postupne pridalo 42 kg prilovanej močoviny a po jej rozpustení 54,25 kg zahustenej máčacej vody z výroby kukuričného škrobu, tzv. corn steepu obsahujúceho 53,7 hmotn. % sušiny. K takto pripravenému koloidnému roztoku hnedej farby sa ďalej pridalo 12,005 kg cca 35 %-ného vodného roztoku humitanu draselného (HUMECO a. s.) a 10,5 kg sušených pivovarských kvasníc, obsahujúcich 96 % sušiny. Po dôkladnom premiešaní zmesi sa pridalo 105 kg viskózneho kvapalného koncentrátu ktorý obsahoval 7,8 hmotn. % amidického dusíka (ako N), 1,1 hmotn. % komplexne viazaného železa (ako Fe), 1,6 hmotn. % komplexne viazaného mangánu (ako Mn), 1,25 hmotn. % komplexne viazaného zinku (ako Zn), 1,1 hmotn. % komplexne viazanej medi (ako Cu) a 0,16 hmotn. % komplexne viazaného bóru (ako B). Použitý koncentrát stopových biogénnych prvkov obsahoval tiež 2,7 hmotn. % síry (ako S). Pri príprave kvapalného koncentrátu mikroelementov bolo využité riešenie v zmysle staršieho úžitkového vzoru (PÚV 187-2015, ÚV 7512). Bór obsiahnutý v kvapalnom koncentráte bol viazaný vo forme etanolamínového borového komplexu a všetky uvedené kovové katióny boli viazané vo forme stabilných chelátov typu EDTA.126 kg of an approximately 60% aqueous solution of ammonium thiosulfate (sulfate), which contained approximately 12 wt. % ammoniacal nitrogen (as N) and 26 wt. % total sulfur (as S). With constant stirring, 42 kg of added urea was gradually added, and after its dissolution, 54.25 kg of thickened soaking water from the production of corn starch, the so-called of corn steep containing 53.7 wt. % dry matter. 12.005 kg of an approximately 35% aqueous solution of potassium humitate (HUMECO a. s.) and 10.5 kg of dried brewer's yeast, containing 96% dry matter, were added to the thus prepared brown colloidal solution. After thorough mixing of the mixture, 105 kg of viscous liquid concentrate was added, which contained 7.8 wt. % amidic nitrogen (as N), 1.1 wt. % complex bound iron (as Fe), 1.6 wt. % complex bound manganese (as Mn), 1.25 wt. % complex bound zinc (as Zn), 1.1 wt. % complex bound copper (as Cu) and 0.16 wt. % complex bound boron (as B). The used concentrate of trace biogenic elements also contained 2.7 wt. % sulfur (as S). In the preparation of the liquid concentrate of microelements, a solution was used in accordance with the older utility model (PÚV 187-2015, ÚV 7512). The boron contained in the liquid concentrate was bound in the form of an ethanolamine boron complex, and all the mentioned metal cations were bound in the form of stable chelates of the EDTA type.
Po dôkladnej homogenizácii zmesi sa za stáleho miešania pridalo 175 g etanolického roztoku auxínu kyseliny 3-indolyl octovej (IAA) a 70 g práškovej potravinárskej kyseliny benzoovej. Uvedeným spôsobom sa pripravilo 350 kg organo-minerálneho hnojiva podľa riešenia. Produkt mal charakter koloidného roztoku hnedej farby, mal prakticky neutrálnu chemickú reakciu (pH neriedeného hnojiva: 6,6) a jeho merná hmotnosť pri teplote miestnosti bola rovná 1 297,5 kg/m3. Produkt sa vo forme vodného roztoku použil, v dávke 3 až 5 litrov na ha, na foliárne prihnojovanie porastov obilnín.After thorough homogenization of the mixture, 175 g of ethanolic solution of auxin 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA) and 70 g of powdered food grade benzoic acid were added with constant stirring. In this way, 350 kg of organo-mineral fertilizer was prepared according to the solution. The product had the character of a brown colloidal solution, had a practically neutral chemical reaction (pH of undiluted fertilizer: 6.6) and its specific weight at room temperature was equal to 1,297.5 kg/m 3 . The product was used in the form of an aqueous solution, in a dose of 3 to 5 liters per ha, for foliar fertilization of cereal crops.
Príklad 6Example 6
Pri príprave organo-minerálneho hnojiva obdobného typu ako v príklade 5 sa postupovalo rovnako, pričom ako zdroj humínových látok bol použitý cca 20 %-ný roztok lignohumátov.When preparing an organo-mineral fertilizer of a similar type as in example 5, the same procedure was followed, while a 20% solution of lignohumates was used as a source of humic substances.
Príklad 7Example 7
V záujme prípravy cca 1000 litrov organo-minerálneho kvapalného hnojiva v zmysle riešenia, charakterizovaného vyšším obsahom dusíkatých látok, sa postupovalo podľa v ďalšom uvedenej receptúry.In order to prepare approximately 1000 liters of organo-mineral liquid fertilizer in the sense of a solution characterized by a higher content of nitrogenous substances, the following recipe was followed.
Kvapalné hnojivo pripravené podľa uvedenej receptúry malo charakter medovo žltého až svetlo hnedého koloidného roztoku. Malo slabo kyslú chemickú reakciu (pH: 4,7) a jeho merná hmotnosť pri teploteThe liquid fertilizer prepared according to the mentioned recipe had the character of a honey yellow to light brown colloidal solution. It had a slightly acidic chemical reaction (pH: 4.7) and its specific gravity at temperature
SK 14-2024 U1 miestnosti bola blízka hodnote 1 240 kg/m3.SK 14-2024 U1 of the room was close to the value of 1,240 kg/m 3 .
Príklad 8Example 8
S cieľom pripraviť cca 1000 litrov organominerálneho kvapalného NPK-hnojiva podľa riešenia, typu: 12-4-6 s mikroelementmi sa postupovalo podľa tejto receptúry:In order to prepare approx. 1000 liters of organo-mineral liquid NPK-fertilizer according to the solution, type: 12-4-6 with microelements, the following recipe was used:
Podľa uvedenej receptúry sa pripravilo cca 1 000 litrov organo-minerálneho NPK - hnojiva podľa riešenia, ktoré malo medovo žltú, až svetlo hnedú farbu a charakter riedkej, avšak stabilnej suspenzie. Pre neriedený produkt bola charakteristická kyslá chemická reakcia (pH cca 3,8) a jeho merná hmotnosť - hustota pri teplote miestnosti bola blízka hodnote 1 320 kg/m3.According to the mentioned recipe, approx. 1,000 liters of organo-mineral NPK - fertilizer was prepared according to the solution, which had a honey yellow to light brown color and the character of a thin but stable suspension. The undiluted product was characterized by an acidic chemical reaction (pH approx. 3.8) and its specific gravity - density at room temperature was close to 1,320 kg/m 3 .
Príklad 9Example 9
Pri príprave biostimulátora podľa riešenia sa postupovalo tak, že do nádoby vybavenej účinným miešadlom sa predložilo 17,6 kg vody a za miešania sa pridalo 4,4 kg pevného - šupinkového koncentrátu humínových kyselín a humínových komplexov Draling, obsahujúceho, podľa údajov publikovaných výrobcom, minimálne 60 % humínových kyselín. Do takto pripraveného cca 20 %-ného vodného roztoku humínových látok sa za miešania postupne pridalo 28 kg sušených pivovarských kvasníc v ich práškovej forme, obsahujúcich cca 96 % sušiny. Napokon sa za miešania postupne pridalo 50 kg zahusteného vodného macerátu izolovaného v prvej fáze výroby kukuričného škrobu, obsahujúceho cca 50 % sušiny. Dôkladnou homogenizáciou zmesi sa získalo 100 kg biostimulátora v zmysle riešenia, ktorý bol používaný na prípravu vodného aplikačného roztoku určeného na foliárne ošetrenie rastlín.During the preparation of the biostimulator according to the solution, the procedure was that 17.6 kg of water was placed in a vessel equipped with an effective stirrer and 4.4 kg of solid - flake concentrate of humic acids and humic complexes Draling was added while stirring, containing, according to the data published by the manufacturer, at least 60% humic acids. 28 kg of dried brewer's yeast in its powder form, containing approx. 96% dry matter, was gradually added to the approximately 20% aqueous solution of humic substances prepared in this way while stirring. Finally, 50 kg of thickened aqueous macerate isolated in the first phase of corn starch production, containing approximately 50% dry matter, was gradually added while stirring. Thorough homogenization of the mixture yielded 100 kg of biostimulator in the form of a solution, which was used to prepare an aqueous application solution intended for foliar treatment of plants.
Príklad 10Example 10
Pri príprave organo-minerálneho hnojiva v zmysle riešenia sa pracovalo podľa nasledujúcej receptúry:When preparing the organo-mineral fertilizer in terms of the solution, the following formula was used:
65,0 kg zahustený macerát - máčacia voda z prvého stupňa výroby kukuričného škrobu - corn steep (cca 48 hmotn. % sušiny),65.0 kg of thickened macerate - soaking water from the first stage of corn starch production - corn steep (approx. 48 wt. % of dry matter),
15,0 kg prilovaná močovina (46,2 % N),15.0 kg of added urea (46.2% N),
10,0 kg sušené pivovarské kvasnice (cca 96 % sušiny),10.0 kg of dried brewer's yeast (approx. 96% dry matter),
10,0 kg síran horečnatý kalcinovaný (min. 33 % MgO).10.0 kg calcined magnesium sulfate (min. 33% MgO).
Príklad 11Example 11
V záujme prípravy organo-minerálneho hnojiva podľa riešenia, obsahujúceho dusík viazaný vo všetkých agrochemicky obvykle používaných formách so zvýšeným podielom rastlinám dobre prijateľného horčíka, sa používala táto receptúra:In order to prepare an organo-mineral fertilizer according to the solution, containing nitrogen bound in all agrochemically commonly used forms with an increased proportion of magnesium well acceptable to plants, the following formula was used:
20,0 % dusíkatého kvapalného hnojiva na báze dusičnanu amónneho a močoviny typu 30 - 0 - 0 (DAM 390), 10,0 % dusíkato-horečnatého kvapalného hnojiva na báze koncentrovaného vodného roztoku dusičnanu horečnatého, typu 9,5 - 0 - 0 + 7,8 MgO (Dumag),20.0% nitrogen liquid fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate and urea type 30 - 0 - 0 (DAM 390), 10.0% nitrogen-magnesium liquid fertilizer based on concentrated aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate, type 9.5 - 0 - 0 + 7.8 MgO (Dumag),
SK 14-2024 U1SK 14-2024 U1
5,0 % cca 35 %-ného vodného roztoku humitanu draselného (Humeco a. s.),5.0% of an approximately 35% aqueous solution of potassium humitate (Humeco a. s.),
15,0 % sušených pivovarských kvasníc (cca 96 % sušiny) a 50,0 % zahustený macerát - máčacia voda z prvého stupňa výroby kukuričného škrobu - corn steep (cca 50 hmotn. % sušiny).15.0% dried brewer's yeast (approx. 96% dry matter) and 50.0% thickened macerate - steeping water from the first stage of corn starch production - corn steep (approx. 50 wt.% dry matter).
Priemyselná využiteľnosťIndustrial applicability
Pre prípravky zmysle riešenia je charakteristické, že zdrojom aminokyselín, vitamínov a živín, využívaných 10 ako podporný a stimulačný prostriedok v súvislosti s pestovaním rastlín, sú v nich pivovarské kvasnice a macerát - tzv. máčacia voda, ktorá vzniká ako vedľajší produkt pri výrobe kukuričného škrobu. Prípravky v zmysle riešenia sú určené na zlepšenie zdravotného stavu, stimuláciu rastu a fyziologických funkcií rastlín, ako i na ich výživu. Je zvlášť výhodné ich aplikovať formou mimokoreňovej - listovej aplikácie, alebo formou hnojivej zálievky. Prípravky podľa riešenia môžu mať výlučne prírodný pôvod a sú preto osobitne vhodné pre 15 systémy ekologického pestovania rastlín bez použitia chemických prípravkov.It is characteristic of the preparations of the solution that the source of amino acids, vitamins and nutrients, used as a supporting and stimulating agent in connection with growing plants, is brewer's yeast and macerate - the so-called soaking water, which is produced as a by-product in the production of corn starch. Preparations in terms of solutions are intended for improving health, stimulating the growth and physiological functions of plants, as well as for their nutrition. It is particularly advantageous to apply them in the form of extra-root - foliar application, or in the form of a fertilizer application. Preparations according to the solution can have exclusively natural origin and are therefore particularly suitable for 15 systems of ecological plant cultivation without the use of chemical preparations.
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