SK6949Y1 - Rotary vane engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Functional principle of the rotary vane engine is purely rotary motion of the rotor (4) , supported by the bearing (19 ) and sealed with sealing rings ( 17 ) and ( 18 ) , with two working vanes (1) and (2) of circular cross-section , moving in a annular cylinder ( 3 ) , in combination with greatly enhanced combustion system in prechamber (13) and exchange system of working mixture applicable for two-stroke internal combustion engines . This results in removal of the linear reciprocating movement of the piston and its complex transfer to rotary movement by means of a rotary mechanism of the crankshaft as it is in the prior conventional internal combustion piston engines . Control of the air intake process, gas expansion , the exchange working mixture and exhausts the exhaust gas in the working areas of annular cylinder (3) and prechamber (13), located perpendicularly to the plane of the annular cylinder in the area of the upper septum (6) will be secured by a moving mechanical septum (5) a (6) located on opposite sides of the annular cylinder and the valves (14) and (15) in inlet (7) and exhaust (8) ports of prechamber (13), controlled directly by the rotor without the need for gears .

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to the design of a rotary vane motor using diesel or petrol as a propellant. The technical solution from the production point of view belongs to the field of engineering - construction of internal combustion engines and from the point of view of utilization especially to the automotive industry.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

So far, the most widespread type of four-stroke internal combustion piston engine in the world has a very complicated, manufacturing and technologically demanding design, and therefore can only be manufactured by specialized manufacturers with long tradition in this field. Practically the only patented and practically realized rotary Wankel internal combustion engine did not show unequivocal success in the scope of general use, due to some significant principal disadvantages.

The current conventional piston internal combustion engine has a design based on the reciprocal linear movement of the piston in the cylinder from the top to the bottom dead center and the conversion of this movement by the connecting rod and crank mechanism to rotary movement, accompanied by considerable energy losses, unwanted vibrations and noise.

For the mass production of such a conventional internal combustion piston engine, it is first necessary to enter a lengthy and costly development of its individual components, such as crankshaft, piston, piston rings, plain bearings, intake and exhaust valves, injection pump, injection valve, turbocharger, intercooler, regulator at specialized world manufacturers of such components. At the same time, it is necessary to design other basic construction nodes and details that together with the above components make up the entire engine assembly, such as the engine housing, cylinder head, cylinder block, cylinder liner, connecting rod, camshaft, toothed gears, jack, rocker arm, respectively. torsion silencer. Only this calculation of the basic parts of the engine design shows its complexity and manufacturing demands. After the design and manufacture of the functional sample, it is also necessary to verify the correct functioning of all these parts by demanding short and long-term testing at the test facility. However, such a procedure makes it significantly impossible (due to the high financial and time demands) to introduce a new engine to a potential new manufacturer, which in fact would still have no better overall parameters than the current high-end internal combustion piston engines.

The essence of the technical solution

The aim of the technical solution is to preserve and suitably combine the existing classical principles of operation of the four-stroke internal combustion piston engine, which are essentially unchangeable, but with a much simpler arrangement of the individual nodes of the construction, enabling significant reduction of material, production and technological demands for new combustion engine. currently available technological level of cooperating production or development companies. In addition, the aim of the new solution is to reduce as much as possible the total volume and weight of the internal combustion engine, to radically reduce the total number of engine components, as well as to significantly improve some of its critical operating parameters.

The present object solves and the mentioned shortcomings of the internal combustion piston engine are eliminated by a rotary vane engine using diesel or petrol as propellant according to the technical solution.

The principle of the technical solution is that the principle of the engine function is purely rotational movement of its rotor with two working blades of circular cross-section, moving in a circular cylinder, so-called. torus, in combination with the widely used pre-chamber combustion system and workload replacement system in the manner used in two-stroke internal combustion engines. This achieves the elimination of the reciprocating linear movement of the piston and its complicated rotary motion by means of a connecting rod mechanism with a crankshaft, as in the prior art internal combustion piston engine.

Control of the air intake, gas expansion, work fluid exchange and exhaust exhausts in the circular cylinder and pre-chamber working spaces perpendicular to the plane of the circular cylinder in the region of the upper compartment will be provided by a system of movable mechanical compartments located on opposite sides of the circular cylinder and sliders in pre-chamber intake and exhaust ducts operated directly from the rotor without the need for gears. Sealing rings will be used to seal the combustion chamber and rotor and the entire rotor will be housed in bearings.

Advantages of the rotary vane engine compared to a conventional piston engine can be:

- significantly better values of total weight and achieved power per unit volume;

- high uniformity of vibration of the whole engine without vibration due to the use of pure rotational movement balanced2

SK 6949 Υ1 rotor with blades;

- engine torque comparable to the current four-cylinder piston engine, given by four times the number of operating phases per two rotor revolutions;

- the possibility of a simple solution (by dimensioning the pre-chamber) in the case of a requirement to increase the maximum combustion pressure;

- the manufacturing simplicity of the engine since it does not contain such material and production-intensive details as cylinder head, intake and exhaust valves, connecting rods, crankshaft, pistons, plain bearings, camshaft, camshaft gears, resp. torsional damper;

- the ease of operation of the engine, since no further adjustments of the engine are required after the parts have been manufactured and assembled, even during their service life, which in fact means that they should have high working reliability.

It can be assumed that the problem to achieve sufficient functionality, reliability and durability of the proposed engine solution may be:

- sealing the rotor blades due to the necessity of passing them through the gap for the baffles and connecting them to the rotor;

- sealing the rotor body in the housing in the space between the blades and the bearings;

- Ensuring the mobility of shelves and sliders in their stowage;

- achieving or at least approaching the current level of combustion and expansion efficiency.

However, all of the foreseen problematic areas will be able to be solved during structural design using strength calculations and the use of proven engineering solutions. The issue of mixture formation, combustion and expansion in terms of compliance with current regulations on the emission content of exhaust gases would be addressed by research activities in the development process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the technical solution is explained in more detail by means of the figures in the attached drawings, where Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of the operation of the rotary vane motor with its individual components. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the pre-chamber with the location of the injector rotated 90 ° so as not to interfere with the operation of the sliders. Figure 3 shows the bearing arrangement of the rotor with blades in the bearings, the method of sealing the combustion chamber of the circular cylinder and the rotor with the sealing rings.

EXAMPLES

An exemplary embodiment is shown in Figure 3, where a rotor 4 with two working blades of circular cross-section, moving in a cooled circular cylinder 3, is supported in bearings 19, thereby allowing its pure rotational movement. Sealing of the combustion chamber of the circular cylinder 3 and the rotor 4 is realized by the respective sealing rings 17 and 18. This construction in conjunction with the movable compartments 5 and 6, the sliders 14, 15 and the pre-chamber 13 ensures the full cycle of the four stroke internal combustion engine. rotary vane motor.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram according to which the individual phases of the operation of a conventional four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine - intake (filling), compression (compression), expansion (working phase), exhaust (emptying) - take place halfway through the rotor 4 with two blades (blade 1 and blade 2), since both sides of the blades (front sides 9 and 11 and rear sides 10 and 12 are simultaneously used for their movement in the direction of rotation).

After passing the first paddle 1 through the extended lower compartment 5 and simultaneously the second paddle 2 through the extended upper compartment 6 (estimated at the angles of 10 ° and 190 °), both compartments are closed, the suction slide 14 (Figure 2) is closed, the exhaust slide 15 is closed. opens. By rotating the rotor 4, the first blade 1 moves in the circular cylinder 3 and compresses the air contained in the circular cylinder 3 with its front side 9, and simultaneously draws its fresh air through the suction channel 7 into the circular cylinder 3 through its rear side 10. engine, t. j. compression and suction; at the same time, the second vane 2, on which the rear side 12 is subjected to the combustion gases of the fuel mixture in the pre-chamber 13, and the front side 11 expels the exhaust gases into the exhaust duct 8, thereby realizing the second two phases of combustion. j. expansion and exhaust. By continuing to rotate the rotor 4, there is a situation where the pressures in the space between the front side of the first vane 9 and the closed suction slide 14 (compressed air) and the space between the rear side of the second vane 12 and the pre-chamber 13 (gas expansion) are approximately balanced. 14 and the compressed air is transferred to the pre-chamber 13 while simultaneously expelling the combustion gases. After the pre-chamber 13 is completely filled with compressed air (possibly with a certain purge from the exhaust gases), the exhaust slider 15 closes, the first vane 1 continues to compress the air into the pre-chamber 13

SK 6949 with its front side 9 (and at the same time in sucking fresh air into the circular cylinder 3 with the rear side 10), the second vane 2 continues the working phase (expansion) on its rear side 12 and evacuation (exhaust gas) of the cylinder through the front side H. before approaching the first paddle 1 to the upper compartment 6 and the second paddle 2 to the lower compartment 5 (estimated at 170 ° and 350 °), the suction slider 14 is closed, both compartments 5 and 6 are opened, the blades 1 and 2 pass through the gap to the storage of the compartments in the cylinder, the compartments are closed again (estimated at an angle of 190 ° and 10 °) and the exhaust slider 15 is opened. This is followed by injecting a fuel charge by the injector into the pre-chamber 13 and igniting, burning and then expanding the gases through the open sliding exhaust duct 15 to the rear of the first vane 10.

This completes the entire working cycle of the four-stroke piston engine after the half-revolution of the rotor 4 (the second vane 2 continues to operate as described for the first vane 1 and vice versa), which means that two working phases (expansions) occur. Since the current four-stroke internal combustion piston engine has one working stroke (expansion) at two crankshaft revolutions, it can be stated that the rotary vane engine will replace the current four-stroke four-cylinder engine, and is clearly expected to be significantly smaller in volume and weight. fewer individual details that make up the entire assembly.

With respect to the effect of the individual gaseous media on the blades 1 and 2, it can be stated that for one revolution of the rotor 4 each blade is exposed (on the front sides 9 and 11 during the first half of the rotation) - compressed air and during the second half of the rotation - the exhaust gases , on the rear sides 10 and 12 during the first half-turn - the intake air into the cylinder and during the second half-turn - the expansion of the gases. Such alternation of the effect of the media on the blades - the front side always compressed air and exhaust gases (or medium temperatures), the back side always expands the gases and the intake air into the cylinder (so high and low temperatures) creates favorable conditions to cope with their heat load. actually internally cooled by the intake air, which will at the same time extract and transfer some of the heat from the exhaust gases back to the fresh working mixture, which increases the thermal efficiency of the engine.

Industrial usability

The rotary vane engine according to the invention is useful as a power unit wherever the world's most widespread piston combustion four-stroke (or even two-stroke) engine is currently used in its various variants and in all its applications, especially in the automotive industry.

Claims (5)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rotary vane motor, characterized in that its rotor (4) is formed by blades of circular cross-section (1) and (2) moving in a circular cylinder (3). Rotary vane motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-chamber (13) is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the annular cylinder (3) in the region of the upper compartment (6). Rotary vane motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable partitions (5) and (6) and the sliders (14) and (15) are operated from the rotor (4). Rotary vane motor according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing ring (18) is arranged between the rotor (4) and the annular cylinder (3) and between the blade (1, 2) and the annular cylinder (3) is a sealing ring (18). 17) for sealing the rotor and combustion chamber. Rotary vane motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (4) with blades of circular cross-section (1) and (2) moving in the circular cylinder (3) is mounted in bearings (19).